对职业女性构建良好体育生活方式的探讨

职业女性是社会和家庭的宝贵财富,是新世纪现代化建设中不可缺少的重要力量.大力开展职业女性健康教育和健康促进活动,构建良好的体育生活方式,是保护女性生产力,提高工作效率和生活质量的重要而高效的途径.     

大学生体质健康现状动态分析

探讨大学生生活方式与体质健康的关系,为相关的干预研究提供科学依据。运用测量调查、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,根据大学生生活方式的主要特征,制定问卷调查表,对1 495名大学生进行调查。结果表明,随着年级的增长,大学生运动行为缺乏,危险健康行为增多。不良饮食习惯、睡眠不规律现象严重。良好的生活方式对大学生体质健康有着重要影响。建立良好生活方式是促进大学生体质健康的有效途径。     

廊坊高校大学生体质健康状况与生活方式调查分析

针对高校大学生的生活方式与体质健康的关系为研究,为教育相关部门提供干预依据。根据高校大学生生活方式的主要特征运用测量调查、问卷调查、数理统计等方法对1850名大学生进行调查。结果显示大学生随着年级的增长,他们的运动行为缺乏,健康危险行为也增多。睡眠、饮食不良习惯现象比较严重。因此要建立良好的生活方式对大学生体质健康有着重要影响,同时良好生活方式也是促进大学生健康的有效方法。     

河北省城市农民工生命质量状况及健康促进生活方式问题的调研

采用健康量表（WHOQOL-BREF）及《生活方式问卷》对河北省石家庄、保定、唐山、邯郸和廊坊5地市为研究区域,对700名农民工进行调查。了解河北省城市农民工生命质量状况及健康生活方式问题调查研究,为政府部门的干预研究提供参考。结果显示：生理维度、心理维度、社会维度、独立性纬度和综合维度上男性高于女性,仅综合维度上不同年龄、教育程度和婚姻状况间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）;多元逐步回归分析结果提示,两周患病、住处更换次数、自评健康和主观、客观支持是影响城市农民工生命质量的重要因素。     

大学生健康体适能与生活方式关系的研究

探讨大学生健康体适能与生活方式关系的研究,为学校体育部门的干预研究提供理论依据。运用问卷调查法、测试法对河北廊坊北华航天工业院600名大学生的健康体适能及生活方式进行调查。结果显示:男、女大学生健康体适能与生活方式之间有较强的相关关系(P0.01),影响健康体适能的生活方式中,首先体现在饮食状况、情绪管理、不良习惯、运动状况、压力管理上;其次表现在时间管理、卫生状况疾病预防及急救、自我健康评价等。影响男女大学生因素顺序大致相同,但是影响的程度有点差异。当代的大学生要选择合理的饮食和健身,注意个人卫生习惯以及时间的安排等从而建立科学、文明的健康生活方式。从而提高了人们的生命质量。     

廊坊市农村中学生生命质量影响因素分析

探讨农村中学生健康促进生活方式和生命质量特点,为相关的干预研究提供科学依据。采用有序多分类Logistic回归方法,对影响农村中学生生命质量的因素进行识别与分析。结果对男生生命质量影响作用较强或较深的健康促进生活方式因素依次是身体运动、营养行为和健康责任,其对应的OR值分别为2.702、2.212和2.172;女生为营养行为、身体运动和健康责任,OR值分别为2.977、2.437和2.123。农村中学生生命质量影响因素存在性别差异,应采取针对性的干预措施。     

大学生宿舍氛围现状调查及对策研究——以华南理工大学广州学院为例

大学宿舍是大学生学习、生活、交际、娱乐、休息的重要场所，是大学生的“第一社会、第二家庭、第三课堂”。文章通过问卷调查等形式，对大学生宿舍的现状进行了调查研究，总结分析了存在的问题，并就营造健康向上、和谐友爱的宿舍氛围提出了自己的对策和建议。     

长期航天中的昼夜节律问题

合理的作息制度是维持人的健康和效能的一个重要因素。在未来的星际飞行任务中，人将不得不远离人类昼夜节律的社会，在没有任何时间标志的情况下长期生活和工作。因此，制订合理的作息制度将成为航天员生理昼夜节律的决定性保障。显然，一个合理的作息制度必须与内在节律相     

智能穿戴设备对城市居民健康生活的影响研究

在物联网技术背景下,智能手环为代表的智能穿戴设备自推出之日起便受到人们的追捧,并对人们的健康生活产生了一系列影响。本文围绕智能穿戴设备对居民健康生活的影响进行研究分析:从微观角度,研究分析智能穿戴设备对人们健康生活的影响;从宏观角度,分析智能穿戴设备在社区医疗、智能交通、智能家居等领域的社会效应。     

环首都经济圈河北省居民体育生活方式现状与发展对策研究

本文采用文献资料法、问卷调查法,针对河北省14县市区的体育生活方式进行了调查研究,目的是为了改善居民不良的生活方式,培育居民科学、健康、文明的体育生活方式,为促进河北省全民健身计划的顺利实施提供有利的保障。     

Women and mission leadership

Only one of NASA's planetary science flight missions in the past 30 years has been led by a women scientist as Principal Investigator. The number of senior women in the field is small, but women are still underutilized, as seen by a cohort age analysis correlating with median ages for various key science roles. Worse, the more junior women are not joining missions as Co-Investigators and Participating Scientists at rates approaching their representation in the field of planetary science. In fact, they are underutilized in these roles not by a few percent, but by greater than a factor of two. The pipeline of women gaining mission experience today is increasing, but it is not keeping pace with the rate that women are now choosing to stay in the field for postdoctoral studies and beyond. The numbers definitively show for the first time that, for whatever reason, women are still underrepresented in mission leadership at NASA.     

Male and female characteristics in vestibular testing: a step toward the selection of the best participants for space flight

Vestibular disturbances in connection with space flight were reported by a majority of participating astronauts and cosmonauts. These include motion sickness symptoms in the first few days of the space flight, as well as standing, gait and orientation disturbances after the return to Earth. The Aerospace Medical Community has been trying to select those people that are particularly adapted to the above stresses or that can be further adapted through training programs. As the circle of selectees extends to women, the problem arises as to whether differences between men and women exist under the conditions of space flight. In seeking answers to this question we studied a group of 42 women and 44 men, who were further subdivided according to their subjective motion sickness sensitivity, as determined by a questionnaire. Using this material, 26 men and 22 women were designated as motion sickness resistant, and 18 men and 20 women were designated as nonresistant. The vestibular test battery given these test subjects consisted of caloric, rotatory, optokinetic, vestibulo-spinal and vestibulo-vegetative testing. Because of the mixed orthostatic and vestibular problems seen after space flights, we also studied the response of the vestibular apparatus during peripheral blood pooling as induced by lower body negative pressure. The collected historical and test data are analyzed in this paper with emphasis on the relationship to motion sickness tendency.     

Categorical Bias in Line Angle Judgments: Sex Differences and the Use of Multiple Categories

According to the Category Adjustment (CA) model, spatial estimates (e.g., of location) involve Bayesian combination across multiple, hierarchical pieces information, each weighted by its relative certainty. Recent work, though, has shown that men and women differ in terms of their certainty regarding fine-grained and categorical information in location memory. Here we demonstrate that this reflects a more general sex difference in visuospatial processing by examining bias patterns in a line angle judgment task (JLAP-15). In addition, the data suggest that multiple, hierarchical levels of categorical information influenced spatial judgments. These results imply that the hierarchical combination outlined by the CA model extends beyond two levels, and that men and women apply differential weighting to these representations.     

The National Space Biomedical Research Institute's education and public outreach program: Working toward a global 21st century space exploration society

Space Exploration educators worldwide are confronting challenges and embracing opportunities to prepare students for the global 21st century workforce. The National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), established in 1997 through a NASA competition, is a 12-university consortium dedicated to space life science research and education. NSBRI's Education and Public Outreach Program (EPOP) is advancing the Institute's mission by responding to global educational challenges through activities that: provide teacher professional development; develop curricula that teach students to communicate with their peers across the globe; provide women and minority US populations with greater access to, and awareness of science careers; and promote international science education partnerships.A recent National Research Council (NRC) Space Studies Board Report, America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Program with National Needs, acknowledges that “a capable workforce for the 21st century is a key strategic objective for the US space program… (and that) US problems requiring best efforts to understand and resolve…are global in nature and must be addressed through mutual worldwide action”. [1] This sentiment has gained new momentum through a recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) report, which recommends that the life of the International Space Station be extended beyond the planned 2016 termination. [2] The two principles of globalization and ISS utility have elevated NSBRI EPOP efforts to design and disseminate science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) educational materials that prepare students for full participation in a globalized, high technology society; promote and provide teacher professional development; create research opportunities for women and underserved populations; and build international educational partnerships.This paper describes select EPOP projects and makes the case for using innovative, emerging information technologies to transfer space exploration knowledge to students, engage educators from across the globe in discourse about science curricula, and foster multimedia collaborations that inform citizens about the benefits of space exploration for life on Earth. Special references are made to educational activities conducted at professional meetings in Austria, Canada, France, China, Greece, Italy, Russia, Scotland and Spain.     

Women''s place in space exploration

A Mars manned space mission would be characterized by long-lasting psycho-social stress for its human participants. Based on the results of our and other authors' experiments with small human groups under simulated space stress conditions, and bearing in mind historical evidence of the changing role of women in human society, the differences of feminine and masculine cognitive patterns should be taken into greater account. Participation of women in astronautics should be reconsidered from the point of view of the roles of women as members of a space ship crew, as members of a space control centre and in relation to the family life of male astronauts on long-term space missions.     

Women and couples in isolated extreme environments: applications for long-duration missions

Expedition teams provide a number of analogs relevant to crew selection for long-duration space missions. Three groups were studied that varied in team composition. Group 1 was a two woman international dyad that traversed the Antarctic continent in 97 days. Similarities in problem solving approach, respect for each other's opinions, and a collaborative process of decision making were evident. Group 2 was composed of four women, all from different countries, engaged in a six week trek across Greenland. The most important factors in overcoming interpersonal difficulties and contributing to the successful completion of the expedition were mutual respect and motivation to maintain positive and supportive relationships. Group 3 consisted of three married couples from different countries icelocked on a boat in the High Arctic for a 9 month period. The emotional support of and ability to confide in their partner were extremely important in alleviating interpersonal tensions, and contributed to the generally effective functioning of the group. Women add an element of emotional support and help to other team members that is not as evident in all-male groups. Selection of couples with strong bonds to each other is another paradigm for crew selection for extended missions.     

Women''s views of space law and policy: no gender-based agenda

This article is a synthesis of interviews with women working and writing in the areas of space law and policy. One initial focus of the interviews was to explore whether, as a result of the growing numbers of women working in aerospace-related fields, there might be certain women's agendas developing as well. Taken together, the responses of the 10 women interviewed clearly acknowledge the importance of the feminine perspective, while rejecting the appropriateness or necessity of concentration on specific ‘women's issues’ and favouring cooperative efforts to address problems of global concern.     

Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise after bed rest in men and women

The purpose of this study was to compare cardiorespiratory responses of men and women to submaximal and maximal workloads before and after bed rest (BR). Fifteen male college students (19-23 yr) and 8 female nurses (23-34 yr) underwent 14 d and 17 d, respectively of bed rest. The maximal work capacity test was performed in the supine position on a bicycle ergometer just before and immediately after bed rest. The women's maximal O2 uptake (maximal VO2) was 41% lower (P<0.05) than the men's before bed rest and 42% lower (P<0.05) after bed rest. During bed rest the women's maximal VO2 decreased from 2.06 to 1.86 liter/min (-9.7%, P<0.05), and that of the men decreased from 3.52 to 3.20 liter/min (-9.1%, P<0.05). Compared with pre-BR values, after bed rest the maximal ventilatory volume was essentially unchanged in the men (+1.8%) and women (+ 2.3%), but maximal heart rate was elevated from 185 to 193 b/min (+ 4.3%, P<0.05) in the men and from 181 to 187 b/min (3.3%, P<0.05) in the women. Submaximal VO2 was unchanged after bed rest in the men but was significantly reduced in the women; the women's Hct and RBC levels were lower (P<0.05) than comparable male data. Mean corpuscular volume was unchanged in both groups pre- and post-bed rest. It is concluded that the proportional deterioration in maximal VO2 following prolonged bed rest was essentially the same in young men and women.