电子束焊接气孔的控制

本文介绍了焊接气孔产生的原因，根据电子束非穿透焊缝根部气孔及穿透焊缝内部气孔的形成机理，提出了减少气孔的焊接工艺措施。     

扫描振镜激光TC4钛合金焊接性能及熔池流动行为

钛合金广泛应用于飞行器及航空航天发动机，激光焊是连接钛合金的优异焊接方法，目前主要问题是气孔导致的接头性能降低。扫描激光能显著改善激光焊接过程中的匙孔行为及熔池流动状态，从而降低气孔率、细化晶粒，最终提高接头性能。采用光纤激光器对4 mm厚TC4钛合金进行扫描振镜激光焊接，对比分析了以0.4 mm为步长、0.4～1.6 mm扫描幅度扫描前后的焊缝成形、力学性能、晶粒细化程度、熔池流动与匙孔行为。结果表明圆形扫描路径下，激光功率为4 kW、焊接速度为1.2 m/min、离焦量为0、扫描频率为100 Hz、扫描幅度为0.8 mm时，匙孔型气孔受显著抑制，且对应的接头抗拉强度最高，为1 025.03 MPa,达到了母材的96%。与无扫描光束相比较，扫描幅度为0.8 mm的接头上部平均晶粒面积减小了65%;圆形扫描的加入使熔池流动具有方向性，同时扫描激光能扩大并稳定匙孔，减少飞溅与气孔。     

钛合金激光焊接残余应力试验与数值模拟

采用小孔释放法对钛合金薄板激光焊接残余应力进行了试验研究,并基于ANSYS分析软件,针对钛合金薄板的焊接残余应力进行了数值模拟,分析了不同焊接工艺参数对激光焊接残余应力分布的影响.     

TiNi记忆合金激光焊接缺陷分析

针对TiNi形状记忆合金薄板采用NdYAG连续激光进行自熔焊接和预填稀土薄片的工艺研究。试验表明,合理的焊接工艺参数可以获得良好的焊缝成形,然而,同常规的钛合金激光焊接一样,Ti Ni形状记忆合金主要焊接缺陷是气孔和裂纹。基于X射线图像、扫描电镜等手段对焊缝缺陷的位置、形状、大小和周边组织变化进行了进一步观察,并对缺陷形成的原因和控制进行了分析。     

双光束激光焊接技术研究现状及应用

阐述了双光束激光焊接技术特点及研究现状,对钛合金双光束激光焊接工艺进行研究,采用双光束激光焊能增强激光焊接的工艺适应性,减少焊接缺陷,焊接过程更加稳定。试验研究表明,钛合金双光束激光焊焊缝成形良好,钛合金双光束激光焊接头强度与母材相当。采用双光束激光焊接某钛合金薄壁结构件,满足设计要求的焊缝质量标准要求。     

钛合金激光焊接研究现状

随着航空工业的发展,钛合金在航空结构中有着越来越广泛的应用。焊接作为重要的连接手段,其制造接头的力学性能决定了构件的使用性能。激光焊接具有高能束焊接方法热输入小、残余应力及变形小的特点,焊接质量高,并且能在开放环境中开展工作,已成为真空电子束焊接外另一种优秀的钛合金焊接方法,是近年研究的热点。总结了近期钛合金激光焊接的一些研究工作,重点介绍了关于激光焊接钛合金组织性能调控方面的成果,并讨论了钛合金激光焊所存在的问题,具体内容包括:激光类型和扫描方式对接头质量的影响、三种典型(α型、α+β型和β型)钛合金激光焊接头组织性能特点、焊后热处理对钛合金激光焊接头组织性能调控方法。为采用激光焊接方法制造高质量钛合金接头研究工作提供参考。     

TC4钛合金激光焊中工艺参数对气孔生成量的影响

文摘研究了TC4钛合金激光焊接在平焊、横焊两种位置下工艺参数对气孔生成量的影响。结果表明:平焊时,气孔生成量随激光功率、离焦量的增大先减小后增大,随焊接速度的增大先增大后减小;横焊时,气孔生成量随激光功率的增大而增大,随焊接速度的增大而减小,随离焦量的增大先减小后增大。利用正交试验方法得到的优化工艺参数进行焊接,气孔生成量大幅减少,在两种位置下均可得到内部质量良好的焊缝。     

基于Gauss热源模型的BT20钛合金管口激光焊接数值模拟

基于热弹塑性有限元方法,建立激光焊接的热力学计算模型,利用三维有限元分析软件AN-SYS,使用其APDL语言,对BT20钛合金管接头激光焊接过程中的温度场和应力场有限元模拟问题进行了研究.结合数值计算,讨论了激光焊接过程中采用瞬间空冷后,试件内应力的分布情况.     

钛合金T-型结构单面焊背面双侧成形焊接接头组织与性能

应用TIG焊、激光-TIG电弧复合焊工艺,采用单面焊背面双侧成形焊接技术对钛合金T-型结构进行焊接.对两种工艺进行金相组织、拉伸、弯曲、疲劳性能对比试验.研究结果表明,激光-TIG电弧复合焊工艺焊接钛合金T-型结构,近缝区及热影响区晶粒长大倾向明显要小于TIG焊接头,激光-TIG电弧复合焊工艺的明显高于TIG焊工艺,复合焊接的疲劳强度相比TIG焊提高约50％.因此,激光-TIG电弧复合焊工艺焊接钛合金T-型结构综合力学性能优于TIG焊接头.     

TC4钛合金激光窄间隙焊接工艺与组织特征研究

使用IPG YLS-5000多模光纤激光器实现了12mm厚TC4钛合金光纤激光窄间隙焊接,优化了焊接工艺,并对焊缝组织和显微硬度进行了分析.结果表明:激光窄间隙焊接容易产生气孔和侧壁未熔合缺陷,优化后的焊接工艺能显著减少气孔并消除未融合缺陷.母材显微组织为典型的等轴组织,焊缝区显微组织由粗大的β柱状晶和网篮状马氏体α'组成.热影响区晶粒尺寸明显细化.热影响区组织由细小的针状马氏体α'、转变α组织和β转变组织构成.焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度高于母材,近焊缝热影响区显微硬度达到最大值.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.