深空探测人工智能技术应用及发展建议

深空探测任务的探测目标距离地球越来越远,测控延时逐步增大,并且目标的先验知识有限,在遥远、未知、不确定环境下开展科学探索对探测器的自主性能需求日益强烈。随着人工智能技术的快速发展并逐步实用,在深空探测领域中应用人工智能技术提高和改进航天器自主性也将成为必须和可能。简要介绍了人工智能技术的发展历程,分析了航天领域中人工智能技术的应用实例,重点结合规划的深空探测任务特点和应用场景,梳理分析了各具体任务对人工智能技术应用的潜在需求,并提出了对深空探测人工智能技术应用的一些看法和发展建议。     

深空探测发展与未来关键技术

深空探测指人.类对月球及以远的天体或空间环境开展的探测活动,作为人类航天活动的重要方向和空间科学与技术创新的重要途径,是当前和未来航天领域的发展重点之一。在简要总结深空探测50多年的发展历程与未来发展趋势的基础上,重点分析了深空探测发展的5个特点,提出了未来深空探测应重点研究和突破的6类关键技术。     

深空探测先进电源技术综述

先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。     

深空探测自主导航与控制技术综述

深空探测自主导航与控制技术是深空探测任务成功实施的关键。基于开展深空探测自主导航与控制技术研究的迫切性,综合分析和评述深空探测自主导航与控制技术的研究进展,着重分析深空探测自主导航与控制的必要性和国外深空探测自主导航与控制技术的研究发展趋势,提出深空探测自主导航与控制的关键技术,根据分析,提出了发展深空探测自主导航与控制技术的建议．     

我国深空探测任务电源系统发展需求

针对我国后续月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星系探测深空探测重点任务,在梳理分析每个探测任务约束的基础上,提出电源系统的具体需求;对上述4个方向的深空探测任务的电源系统需求进行归纳总结,提出我国后续深空探测任务的电源系统主要发展建议,具体包括宽温度和光强适应性、抗辐照的太阳电池阵,轻小型智能化的电源控制装置,高功率密度的电源系统MPPT拓扑;最后对同位素温差发电技术进行了发展展望,为后续深空探测电源系统研究和设计提供参考。     

中国月球及深空空间环境探测

深空探测承载着人类航天技术发展、探索宇宙奥秘和寻找地外生命及人类宜居地的重任,成为各航天大国关注的热点。我国月球与深空探测虽然起步晚,但起点高,正在追赶并将实现领先。简要回顾了我国月球及深空空间环境探测的载荷情况、数据结果、理论和应用研究成果,简述了当前在研的自主火星空间环境探测目标以及规划中的未来深空探测任务,并根据当前国际发展态势,及我国在研、规划中的月球及深空探测任务情况,分析了我国月球及深空空间环境探测的关键科学问题、载荷技术发展趋势、理论与模拟的研究需求,最后对深空环境探测进行了展望。     

深空天文自主导航技术发展综述

航天器地面无线电导航在深空中面临着信息传输时延长、数据传输率低、天体遮挡等问题，难以满足未来深空探测的导航需求。天文自主导航技术利用天文信息为航天器提供导航支持，可有效提高其在深空中的生存能力及任务执行能力，已成为深空导航领域的研究热点。结合国内外深空探测任务及其实际工程需求，首先概述了深空天文自主导航技术发展的现状和特点，进而总结了深空天文自主导航的发展趋势和重点研究内容，最后对深空天文自主导航技术的发展提出了若干建议。     

载人小行星探测推进技术初步方案设想

随着深空探测技术的发展,小行星探测已成为21世纪深空探测的重要内容之一,并逐渐由无人探测向载人探测发展。载人小行星探测由于航程远,任务周期长,对推进系统提出了更高的要求。1引言近年来,随着深空探测技术的发展,小行星探测逐渐成为深空探测的热点。各主要航天国都提出了相应的探测计划,美国已于2010年提出了载人登陆     

载人登月与深空探测工程科技论坛召开

<正>以"载人登月与深空探测"为主题的中国工程院科枝论坛于2010年11月5日在北京召开,包括30余位院士在内的航天及相关领域的领导、专家和学者出席了论坛。本次论坛旨在深入研讨载人登月与深空探测系统的技术需求和发展趋势,以及中国实施载人登月与深空探测的发展思路和设想,共同谋划中国载人登月与深空探测的未来发展。与会专家、学者针对载人登月与深空探测发展态势和科学目标,中国深空探测的成就和未来发展,中国载人     

《深空探测学报》

<正>《深空探测学报》是由工业和信息化部主管、北京理工大学和中国宇航学会深空探测技术专业委员会联合主办的学术期刊,16开本,季刊。本刊拫道深空探测领域政策、动态和科技探索新进展,发布深空探测学术研究新成果,搭建国内外深空探测领域信息交流平台,以促进深空探测事业发展。用稿内容涵盖月球及以远深空探测领域战略与任务、总体设计、导航与控制、测控与     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.