基于改进人工鱼群算法的无人直升机编队航迹规划

针对无人直升机（UH）编队的航迹规划问题，提出了一种基于改进人工鱼群算法（AFSA）的航迹规划算法。从邻域学习和算法特性2个角度出发，针对人工鱼群算法中的人工鱼视野模型提出了一种人工鱼自适应视野模型，并对其鱼群的进化策略在无性繁殖方式的基础上进行了改进；从规划原理、代价函数、约束条件3个方面建立了无人直升机编队航迹规划模型；针对航迹规划中普遍存在的搜索效率低、精度差等特有问题改进了所提算法的编码方式和聚类策略。利用三机编队航迹规划的算例对所提算法进行了验证，仿真结果证明，通过对人工鱼群算法的改进、航迹规划模型的建立等措施实现了良好的无人直升机编队航迹规划，同时在搜索效率、收敛速度及求解精度上都有了显著提高。      

基于振动参数聚类融合的空间轴承故障辨识方法研究#br#

轴承是飞轮和控制力矩陀螺(CMG)等空间惯性执行机构的核心部件，其健康状态直接影响整机性能和使用寿命.当前，由于轻载轴承在正常运转时也可能产生类似于微弱故障特征的现象，导致单一故障特征参数难以辨识正常和微弱故障状态.针对这一问题，本文提出了一种基于振动参数聚类融合的轴承微弱故障辨识方法.首先，通过轴承振动实验获得数据；然后，基于特征频率比值等方法对振动信号进行特征参数的提取；在此基础上，利用K Medoids算法对正常样本进行聚类，并根据3σ法则构建正常运转的安全边界；最后，计算不同轴承故障数据的超限概率，根据概率大小进行故障状态的识别.结果表明，该方法对轴承正常和微弱故障的辨识是可行和有效的.     

基于M-AFSA的MPRM逻辑电路面积优化

现有基于传统智能优化算法的MPRM电路面积优化算法存在效果差的问题。由于MPRM电路面积优化属于组合优化问题，先提出一种多策略协同进化人工鱼群算法（MAFSA），该算法引入基于反向学习的种群初始化策略，以提高种群多样性及初始种群解的质量；引入觅食与追尾交互性策略，以加强人工鱼个体之间的信息交流、提高所提算法的收敛速度；引入自适应扰动策略，以增加人工鱼个体位置变异的随机性、避免所提算法陷入局部最优。此外，提出一种MPRM逻辑电路面积优化方法，利用所提算法来搜索电路面积最小的最佳极性。基于北卡罗莱纳州微电子中心（MCNC）Benchmark电路的实验结果表明：与遗传算法相比，所提算法优化电路平均面积百分比最高为57.24%，平均为39.57%；与人工鱼群算法相比，所提算法优化电路平均面积百分比最高为33.53%，平均为14.54%；与改进的人工鱼群算法相比，所提算法优化电路平均面积百分比最高为30.25%，平均为13.86%。     

Bezdek型模糊属性C均值聚类算法

推广了属性均值聚类算法,提出了基于模糊度m的Bezdek型模糊属性C均值聚类算法(FAMC),给出了FAMC算法的迭代算法,并讨论了模糊度m对算法收敛性的影响.在标准Iris数据集与肿瘤基因芯片表达数据的模式识别实验结果,验证了该算法优于模糊C均值算法和属性均值聚类算法.      

反作用轮不完全数据故障诊断新算法

针对卫星反作用轮遥测数据存在不完备情况,提出一种基于核模糊均值聚类（KernelFuzzy C-Means,KFCM）的数据修复诊断算法KFCM-Imputation(KFCM-I)。该算法通过KFCM聚类实现已知故障样本的聚类中心和聚类半径,通过相似度计算查找与不完备数据最相似的数据点,将该数据点填充于不完备数据点位置,保证数据的完备性,并通过数据的相似度进行故障诊断。考虑所有故障特征同步缺失数据和各故障特征随机缺失数据两种工况,对比工程上直接删除缺失数据的方法,在数据缺失量小于总数据量的13%时,KFCM-I诊断精度能达90%以上;当数据缺失量占总数据量13%～20%时,诊断精度仍能达到80%。KFCM-I算法故障诊断精度高、计算简单,对工程应用有较好的参考价值。     

一种基于PCA的面向对象多尺度分割优化算法

多尺度分割是图像面向对象分类的基础，针对不同区域特征最优分割尺度确定的主观性以及采用聚类算法时聚类中心确定的随机性，提出了一种联合降维与聚类算法的面向对象多尺度分割优化算法。该算法首先利用主成分分析法（PCA）降维排序后的结果产生初始聚类中心；然后采用K-means聚类和度量每一个像素点合并的概率，从而得到适应不同研究区域内不同尺度地物的分割结果。采用多个影像数据库，通过引入聚类评价指标（内部评价指标和外部评价指标）、分割评价指标（分割精度、过分割率和欠分割率）并结合现有的图像分割方法及原始的K-means算法、与PCA降维后的K-means聚类对比分析。研究结果表明:经过降维处理后进行的聚类算法稳定性更高；与传统的聚类算法相比，结合PCA降维更能自动识别最优分割尺度；降维技术和聚类算法联合之中，目视和定量评价指标表明经过降维预处理后的聚类能得到更高质量的分割结果。      

Dirichlet混合样本的EM算法与动态聚类算法比较

Dirichlet分布是一类包含正参数向量的连续多元概率分布,在比例结构问题中具有广泛的应用。针对Dirichlet混合样本的聚类问题,进行了最大期望（EM）算法和动态聚类算法研究。首先,推导其数学过程,并给出算法迭代步骤。然后,利用数字仿真实验,比较了EM算法与动态聚类算法两种机器学习算法在Dirichlet混合样本中的聚类效果。最后,计算对数似然函数值、程序运行时间、收敛迭代次数、聚类正确率、真正率（TPR）和假正率（FPR）6个评价指标。仿真实验结果表明,EM算法聚类正确率更高但是运算效率相对较低,而动态聚类算法运算效率较高但是损失了部分聚类正确率。因此,实际应用中建议综合权衡聚类正确率与运算效率的相对需求后,再选取合适算法进行Dirichlet混合样本聚类。      

基于EMD和SVM的机载燃油泵故障诊断研究

针对机载燃油泵故障数据来源较少、诊断效率较低、维护费用较高、缺乏有效故障特征的问题，利用机载燃油转输系统实验平台收集的振动信号和压力信号，提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和支持向量机(SVM)的机载燃油泵故障诊断方法。首先，利用EMD提取振动信号不同频段的能量值作为特征参量，并结合压力信号均值构造故障特征向量；其次，分别采用遗传算法(GA)、粒子群优化算法(PSO)、樽海鞘群算法(SSA)、网格搜索算法(GS)对SVM的惩罚参数和径向基函数(RBF)参数进行优化，并对优化后的SVM诊断性能进行了评估；最后，分别采用SVM、极限学习机(ELM)、BP神经网络作为分类器，并对3种分类器的诊断性能进行了评估。结果表明:采用3种群智能优化算法的SVM故障诊断率均能达到100%，寻优过程中均未陷入局部最优解，且寻优时间相当，其中GA的训练时间最短，可以采用GA对SVM参数进行寻优；当采用GA_SVM作为故障分类器时，用时较短，且故障诊断率较高，可以选用GA_SVM分类模型实现机载燃油泵的高效故障诊断。      

改进粒子群优化的卫星导航选星算法

为提高选星算法的性能，提出一种基于人工鱼群算法的粒子群优化（PSO）选星算法。该算法利用人工鱼群算法良好的全局收敛特性，克服了粒子群优化算法易陷入局部最优的缺点。将每种卫星组合看作空间中的一个粒子，选取几何精度因子（GDOP）作为适应度函数。利用所提算法更新粒子自身位置，优化卫星组合与几何精度因子。利用实际数据对所提算法进行验证和对比，结果表明:改进的选星算法在保障选星效率的同时，选星结果的准确性优于标准的粒子群优化选星算法。      

基于多特征融合的电磁换向阀故障模式识别

为提高基于驱动端电流检测的电磁换向阀故障诊断方法的可靠性和识别准确度，开展了电磁换向阀故障模式识别方法研究。提出一种基于多特征融合的方法对电流信号时频分析和时域参数的特征值提取融合；通过设计电磁换向阀驱动端电流信号的采集实验，获取电磁换向阀驱动端电流的时域信号和二阶变化率的多特征曲线，提取时域参数及二阶变化率相应频带能量作为特征值，构建多特征融合的特征向量；采用基于径向基核函数的多分类支持向量机对电磁换向阀进行模式识别。结果表明：基于多特征融合的支持向量机较基于能量特征值的支持向量机可提升8.7%的识别精度和42.11%的验证准确率。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.