空间用反应烧结碳化硅反射镜坯体制备技术研究

采用凝胶注模(gel-casting)成型工艺并结合一种先进的消失模技术, 制备了具有各种不同轻量化结构形式的碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷素坯, 目前制备的背部半封闭素坯最大尺寸为1080 mm×820 mm; 素坯经过脱模、干燥、脱脂和反应烧结等, 可得到空间用SiC反射镜坯体. 对反应烧结碳化硅(RB-SiC)反射镜坯体的表面进行了光学加工, 并且测试了其各项性能. 结果表明, 所制备的RB-SiC陶瓷内部结构均匀致密; 力学性能和热学性能优异, 弹性模量、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和热膨胀系数分别达到了330 GPa, 340 MPa, 4.0 MPa•m1/2和2.6×10-6 K-1; 镜体经抛光后的表面粗糙度RMS值优于3 nm, 可作为空间用反射镜的候选材料.      

交会对接光学成像敏感器反射镜组件微应力装配技术#br#

为了实现交会对接光学成像敏感器的功能、性能，其金属反射镜组件对面形精度和指向精度要求较高.金属反射镜组件在加工和装配过程中会产生装配应力，导致反射镜的面形和指向精度发生变化.在改进装调流程的基础上，首先通过仿真分析确定了反射镜安装螺钉的拧紧力矩；其次，优化了反射镜支架和反射镜安装面的平面度公差，从0.008 mm提高到0.002 mm；选用柔性材料制作过定位尺寸链的零件，对比了改进前后的反射镜指向变化和装配应力，改进后大幅减小，保证了反射镜精度指标要求.反射镜组件在装配到整机后面形和指向精度变化较小，反射镜面形达到PV≤0.2λ，RMS≤0.06λ(原方法数据PV≤0.8λ，RMS≤0.13λ)，反射镜力学和热学环境实验前后反射镜指向变化由≤2′，提高到≤1′，保证了敏感器的测量精度.     

交会对接光学成像敏感器反射镜组件微应力装配技术

为了实现交会对接光学成像敏感器的功能、性能,其金属反射镜组件对面形精度和指向精度要求较高.金属反射镜组件在加工和装配过程中会产生装配应力,导致反射镜的面形和指向精度发生变化.在改进装调流程的基础上,首先通过仿真分析确定了反射镜安装螺钉的拧紧力矩;其次,优化了反射镜支架和反射镜安装面的平面度公差,从0. 008 mm提高到0. 002 mm;选用柔性材料制作过定位尺寸链的零件,对比了改进前后的反射镜指向变化和装配应力,改进后大幅减小,保证了反射镜精度指标要求.反射镜组件在装配到整机后面形和指向精度变化较小,反射镜面形达到PV≤0. 2λ,RMS≤0. 06λ(原方法数据PV≤0. 8λ,RMS≤0. 13λ),反射镜力学和热学环境实验前后反射镜指向变化由≤2',提高到≤1',保证了敏感器的测量精度.     

大口径反射镜结构参数优化设计

空间光学遥感器分辨率要求的不断提高使其主镜口径也在不断增大,从而对主镜进行轻量化设计就成为空间大口径反射镜工程的关键技术。该文介绍了一种对反射镜轻量化结构进行优化设计的方法,利用MSCPatran软件建立了蜂窝夹芯反射镜的参数化模型;对反射镜的各结构参数进行了灵敏性分析,得到了各参数对反射镜面形精度的影响曲线;根据反射镜的加工工艺,合理地确定结构参数的变化范围,利用正交分解法进行参数优化。     

基于正交试验法的3P3R磨削机器人灵活性优化

针对机器人磨削加工复杂曲面工件时,存在加工路径不连续、需要更换夹具而影响加工精度的问题,提出了一种3P3R磨削机器人.使用D-H法建立了机器人的运动学模型,得到了机器人的正解方程.建立了工件坐标系{W}主动、工具坐标系{T}被动模式的新型机器人系统坐标系,指出了机器人基坐标系{O}与{T}的相对位置是影响磨削机器人的灵活空间的重要因素.采用正交试验法,得到了机器人的第二关节方向的相对位置是影响灵活磨削空间最显著的因素,并且优化了磨削机接触轮相对于机器人摆放的位置,使机器人的灵活磨削空间扩大了1倍,提高了磨削机器人的灵活性.     

日本查明气象卫星GMS—3的故障原因

日本在最近召开的宇宙开发委员会的报告会上指出:静止气象卫星GMS-3图像遥感器的故障起因于传动部分的润滑剂,润滑剂在使用中出现不均匀现象。GMS 上的图像遥感器被称为可见光红外自旋扫描辐射仪,它通过传动扫描镜南北向20度进行扫描,把地球细分为2,500条幅宽再对它进行图像摄像。发生故障的扫描镜传动部分,使用溅射法,在轴承表面蒸     

3D打印首次应用于遥感器研制

<正>日前,于去年年底发射的遥感卫星二十四号顺利通过在轨测试。在该星研制过程中,中国空间技术研究院508所与北京航空航天大学开展合作,首次采用钛合金3D打印技术完成了次镜支撑结构的优化设计和一体化成型。据了解,3D打印技术的成功应用不仅在国内航天器中尚属首次,在国际空间光学遥感器研制中也是首创。508所与北航紧密合作,成功突破了基于     

空间遥感器热光学分析的研究与应用

论述空间遥感器热光学分析与应用现状及其发展趋势;分析当前遥感器热光学分析的意义,认为这是提高长寿命遥感器可靠性的一种重要手段;针对某长寿命遥感相机,提出进行热光学分析研究的总体方案、具体实施途径、技术关键和解决方法。     

灵巧型大孔径四反星敏感器镜头设计

星敏感器镜头是星敏感器姿态轨道控制系统的重要组成部分，具有相对孔径大、工作谱段宽、绝对畸变低的特点，针对这些特点，在四反射镜初始结构的基础上，分析了镜头探测能力和相对孔径的关系，明确了镜头设计指标，利用非球面反射镜强大的像差校正能力，优化设计得到了全反射4反星敏感器镜头。镜头焦距170mm，轴向长度50mm，镜头F数2，等效入瞳直径51.2mm，圆视场±2.25°。镜头工作波段可由膜系决定，无色差，空间频率35lp/mm处传递函数优于0.6，畸变优于0.01%，弥散斑直径优于13μm，系统15μm范围内能量集中度优于80%，渐晕系数小于0.95，该镜头可用于亚像素精度的飞船姿态轨道控制系统，为星敏感器导航光学系统设计提供了参考。     

中继反射镜能量特性研究

介绍了地基激光加天基中继反射镜体系的系统组成及基本工作原理, 重点对中继反射镜的能量特性进行了分析, 得出了作用距离与中继镜口径和目标辐照度的关系, 并给出了计算的实例. 其结果进一步说明了中继镜原理上的可行性, 提出了中继反射镜技术发展应该重点考虑的关键技术. 研究结果对于实际中继反射镜系统的设计有一定的参考意义.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.