空间可展开天线模态测试与模型修正技术

为准确预测结构的力学特性,使仿真结果精确逼近试验结果,必须对有限元模型进行修正。由于网状可展开天线的有限元模型中存在着各类结构参数且内部索网属于柔性结构,索网索段由于预张力才具有刚度,结构的这一特殊性导致模型修正困难。对3 m可展开天线样机进行了模态测试,在样机自由状态下获取了结构的模态频率和振型;针对可展开天线这种柔性复杂结构模态参数难识别、待修正参数多的特点,对修正参数进行了有针对性的选择;使用基于设计参数灵敏度型的模型修正方法对有限元模型进行了修正,缩小了样机与仿真固有频率和振型之间的误差,得到一种处理含有索网结构的模态测试流程和模型修正方法。     

柔性机器人避动力奇异方法的研究

对柔性机器人避动力奇异的方法进行了研究,得出当机器人第i阶模态频率与模态激振力某阶频率相等,且模态激振力比较大时,机器人就会出现动力奇异问题的结论;分析了机器人的结构参数和运动参数是影响其固有频率的因素,提出了在不改变机器人预定工作任务的情况下,对已有的机器人可以通过在其柔性臂上附加一质量块以调节机器人的固有频率,从而避免动力奇异问题的发生;同时给出了附加质量块的规划策略,并以一末杆为柔杆的空间三杆机器人为例,验证了所提方法的有效性.该方法也适用于其它一般机械系统.     

基于ANSYS的桁架结构模态分析

模态分析是机械结构动力学分析的基础。采用有限单元法,利用ANSYS软件以桁架结构为例进行分析,求得桁架的自由模态参数,并通过加强筋的合理布置,增强桁架的结构刚度,提升固有频率,远离实际工作频率以防止共振。     

应用激光测振技术提高模态试验测量准确度

以一个标准直梁为研究对象,应用扫描式激光测振系统对梁进行了模态测量,得到梁的弯曲振动和纵向振动固有频率和振型,光测结果与理论计算结果相符。与传统的传感器测量结果相比,激光多普勒测振技术测量准确度高,可以很好的解决传感器对结构产生的附加质量的问题,尤其适用于轻薄结构的模态测量。     

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制研究现状与趋势

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制技术是行星着陆过程的核心技术之一,关系到行星着陆任务的成败。本文基于未来火星和小天体着陆对自主导航与制导控制技术的发展需求,阐述了进一步开展自主导航与制导控制研究的必要性,围绕行星着陆过程环境特点,分析了自主导航与制导控制技术所遇到的挑战,随后概括了行星着陆自主导航与制导控制所涉及的关键技术,并综述了关键技术的研究现状。最后对我国未来行星着陆探测自主导航与制导控制技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

杆-梁和梁-梁组合结构中的波动现象

杆-梁结构和梁-梁结构都是典型的组合结构.用间接模态叠加法分析杆-Timoshenko梁之间以及两根Timoshenko梁之间的碰撞问题.在间接模态叠加法中,首先分别独立求得杆和梁的固有频率和模态函数,然后建立碰撞体和靶体之间的位移协调方程,并用逐步积分方法求解该方程.分析了纵波和剪切波在杆和梁中的传播特性.      

一种基于模态参数实时辨识方法的参数时变航天器控制方法

针对一种因挠性结构转动引起模态参数变化的航天器研究了一种基于模态参数辨识的控制方法。首先以一种刚柔耦合复杂航天器为对象，建立分析航天器的动力学模型。然后，基于该模型，采用一种基于改进递归预测器的子空间辨识(RPBSID)法模态辨识方法估计系统状态量。最后，基于辨识状态量采用无模型控制方法进行控制，通过基于MATLAB软件的仿真实验，验证了方法的有效性。     

基于双重属性信息的跨模态行人重识别算法

通过对跨模态检索问题的研究，属性信息的使用可以增强所提取特征的语义表达性，但现有基于自然语言的跨模态行人重识别算法对行人图片和文本的属性信息利用不够充分。基于双重属性信息的跨模态行人重识别算法充分考虑了行人图片和文本描述的属性信息，构建了基于文本属性和图片属性的双重属性空间，并通过构建基于隐空间和属性空间的跨模态行人重识别端到端网络，提高了所提取图文特征的可区分性和语义表达性。跨模态行人重识别数据集CUHK-PEDES上的实验评估表明，所提算法的检索准确率Top-1达到了56.42%，与CMAAM算法的Top-1（56.68%）具有可比性，Top-5、Top-10相比CMAAM算法分别提升了0.45%、0.29%。针对待检索图片库中可能存在身份标签的应用场景，利用行人的类别信息提取属性特征，可以较大幅度提高跨模态行人图片的检索准确率，Top-1达到64.88%。消融实验证明了所提算法使用的文本属性和图片属性的重要性及基于双重属性空间的有效性。      

直升机旋翼/动力/传动系统模型及耦合影响

为了提供有效的避免系统共振的设计措施,针对某型直升机的实际情况建立了该型号直升机的发动机、传动系统与旋翼、尾桨组成的机械扭振系统的分析模型.用特征分析和阻抗匹配方法对系统各个模态固有特性包括固有频率和振型进行了对比计算和结果分析.研究了模态固有特性在扭振系统耦合前后的变化,以及旋翼变转速对孤立桨叶和耦合后旋翼固有特性的影响,得出了避免系统共振的设计措施.      

挠性空间飞行器的双回路控制器设计

针对大型挠性空间结构频率低，阻尼小，铡体与各挠性模态之间互相耦合等特点，提出了一种双回路控制器的设计方法，回路的设计采用了最优滑动模态的变结构设计方法，且考虑了鲁棒稳定性问题。最后，给出了结果的数字仿真从仿真曲线可以看出，对于基于模态截断的大型挠性空间飞行器，该设计方法具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.