飞行/推进系统分散控制优化设计及鲁棒性分析

以一种短距起降战斗机的飞行/推进综合控制系统设计为背景,对分散控制如何保持集中控制的性能和鲁棒性的问题提出利用优化的思想设计分散控制器.首先采用遗传算法设计集中控制器,作为分散控制的性能参考,然后给出具有接口变量的分散控制器设计方法,通过分析得出影响分散控制性能的关键因素,并通过数学推导得到以频率加权矩阵为设计参数的分散控制性能表达式,将分散控制器设计转化为优化问题,采用遗传算法求解得到分散控制器.分散控制器设计中同时用到了一种改进的平衡降阶方法.通过仿真和结构奇异值分析验证了这种优化设计方法可使分散控制达到集中式控制的性能和鲁棒性.      

Integrated cooperative guidance framework and cooperative guidance law for multi-missile

An integrated cooperative guidance framework for multi-missile cooperatively attacking a single stationary target is proposed in this paper by combining both the centralized and decentralized communication topologies. Once missiles are distributed into several groups, missiles within a single group communicate with the centralized leader-follower framework, while the leaders from different groups communicate using the nearest-neighbor topology. To implement the integrated cooperative guidance framework, a group of Finite-Time Cooperative Guidance (FTCG) laws considering the saturation constraint on FOV (FTCG-FOV) are firstly derived within the centralized leader-follower framework to satisfy the communication topology of missiles in a single group. Then, an improved sequential approach is developed to adapt the FTCG-FOV to satisfy the communication topology between groups. The numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and high efficiency of the integrated cooperative guidance framework and the cooperative guidance laws, as well as the superiority of the developed sequential approach.     

自主多无人机的分散化协同控制

协同前提是无人机(UAV)平台间的通信和信息共享,无人机平台之间信息和计算是高度分布的,无人机平台的运动以及通信拓扑的变化,使得集中式协调控制结构很难实现。以最小通信量为基础的分散协同控制具有可扩展性、异构性和动态可重构性等特点,可靠性和鲁棒性较好。针对多无人机平台分散化协同的特点和要求,建立了集中和分散相结合的多无人机平台协同控制系统结构,集中式任务管理系统主要完成目标分配、通信管理和编队管理功能,分散式协同部分主要实现局部任务规划、协调策略及协调控制等功能。分别以多机协同目标跟踪、多机和多编队一致性协调、多机协同编队控制与重构等多无人机平台分散化协同控制技术为应用对象,探讨了分散化协调机制、策略、控制及其与信息之间关系。给出了部分算法的仿真结果。     

基于有限元模型的飞行器柔性附件分散化滑模控制

研究分散化滑模控制在大型柔性附件振动控制领域中的应用。在设计控制系统时,滑模控制滑模面通过最小化最优价值函数得到,控制器采用饱和控制器。受控系统受到任意不可测量和不确定性外部扰动以及初始位移。分别利用分散化控制和集中控制方法对结构进行控制,仿真结果表明,当具有初始位移或受到不确定性外扰时,分散化控制非常有效。最后研究表明分散化控制方法所求解的Riccati方程数量远远少于集中控制方法,特别是大系统。     

基于分布式模型预测控制的多UAV协同区域搜索

针对多无人机(UAV)协同区域搜索问题展开研究。提出了一种基于分布式模型预测控制(DMPC)的多UAV分布式优化搜索方法。首先基于传统的搜索图模型,建立了多UAV协同搜索的问题描述和状态空间模型,然后在DMPC框架下,将集中式多UAV在线优化决策问题转化为各架UAV的小规模分布式优化问题,采用基于纳什最优和粒子群优化(PSO)相结合的算法实现对每个子系统优化问题的迭代求解。仿真结果表明:DMPC方法能够有效地降低多UAV协同搜索决策问题的求解规模,是一种可行的方法。     

多导弹编队齐射攻击分散化协同制导方法

针对多导弹编队齐射攻击在时间上的协同要求,将攻击时间可控制导律(ITCG)与一致性分散化协调算法相结合,提出一种多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协同制导方法.编队内各导弹采用相邻局部通信,编队之间则通过各编队通信拓扑生成树的根节点进行通信.设计了导弹编队内和编队间的分散化协调策略,实现多导弹编队齐射攻击的分散化协调.推导了攻...     

Multisensor distributed sequential detection

A conceptual generalization of the Wald's sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to a decentralized environment is presented. The local tests are chosen to be SPRT's, which quantize the temporally independent identically distributed (IID) observations into three levels for transmission to the fusion detector. Spatial independence among the local observations is assumed. The fusion test is also an SPRT. An analysis for the decentralized scheme is developed. Performance comparisons with the centralized and other decentralized schemes are presented     

基于模型的多电飞机能源优化特性仿真分析

多电飞机是一种用电能部分取代原来的液压能和气压能的飞机,其二次能源系统以电能为主。为实现多电飞机能源系统的优化设计,将飞机的发电、配电和用电集成在一个统一的系统内,实行发电、配电和用电的统一规划、统一管理和集中控制。为快速有效地分析多电飞机能源系统优化特性,本文采用基于模型的系统工程方法论,针对多电飞机能源优化仿真分析平台开展研究,提出了一种面向电气设备的多物理域模型建模方法,以实现机载系统的大规模集成仿真。并以飞控系统为对象,建立了多电飞机飞控系统和传统飞机飞控系统的能量利用、能量传送、能量变换设备等仿真模型,仿真分析了两种飞控系统的能源应用特性,为多电飞机能源系统的优化设计提供了有效支撑。     

多导弹协同制导研究综述

综述了多弹协同制导领域的主要研究成果和国内外的最新进展,简述了其发展历程。鉴于现有的协同制导研究成果绝大多数主要涉及时间协同问题,而且开环的时间协同制导律已经得到了很好的综述,因此重点综述了闭环的时间协同制导律。按照协同制导架构,多弹时间协同制导可划分为双层协同制导架构和"领弹-从弹"协同制导架构;按照导弹间通信的拓扑结构还可分为集中式和分布式。首先综述了两种协同制导架构,即双层协同制导架构和"领弹-从弹"协同制导架构,并对这两种架构进行了讨论和比较;其次分别综述了集中式和分布式多导弹协同制导的研究成果,分析了这些多导弹协同制导方法的优缺点,并对该研究领域的重要发展方向进行了展望。     

基于可拓学的武器装备体系效能评估

文章以武器装备体系(Weapon System-of-Systems,WSoS)发展论证需求为牵引,结合现代战争复杂电磁环境下武器装备体系特点,综合考虑武器装备体系效能评估方法,采用我国原创的可拓学理论,从定性与定量两个角度对武器装备体系效能进行评估,结合层次分析法、Delphi法,建立武器装备体系效能评估模型,利用Matlab进行实例仿真实验,表明该方法能够根据隶属等级对武器装备体系效能进行评估,并可分析得出二级指标的弱项,对各指标的优化具有指导作用。     

Flight-critical distributed systems: design considerations [avionics]

With the proliferation of so-called "smart" components and the availability of small, low-cost, and high-speed data networks, avionics that have traditionally been centralized are becoming distributed. A distributed approach offers many potential benefits, such as reduced development time and cost, simplified system installation, increased flexibility for system expansion or modifications, and greater reuse of proven components. The distributed approach can also reduce the risk associated with design errors by splitting complex hardware and software into more manageable components. However, distributed systems also introduce new challenges in meeting real-time deadlines and providing fault tolerance. This paper examines the many design considerations and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each. Emerging automotive drive-by-wire alternatives are compared for application to aerospace systems. This paper is based on a Draper Laboratory-sponsored effort to look at flight-critical distributed systems and to evaluate emerging hardware and software for building them.     

Local SNR considerations in decentralized CFAR detection

We consider the decentralized detection problem, involving N sensors and a central processor, in which the sensors transmit unquantized data to the fusion center. Assuming a homogeneous background for constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) analysis, we obtain the performances of the system for the Swerling I and Swerling III target models. We demonstrate that a simple nonparametric fusion rule at the central processor is sufficient for nearly optimum performance. The effect of the local signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on the performances of the optimum detector and two suboptimum detectors is also examined. Finally, we obtain a set of conditions, related to the SNRs, under which better performance may be obtained by using decentralized detection as compared with centralized detection     

基于混合滤波的无线传感器网络融合跟踪方法

 针对无线传感器网络(WSN)中的多传感器融合目标跟踪,提出一种混合滤波算法,称为无迹混合集中式粒子滤波(UM CPF)。该算法使用了一个混合的粒子传播方案。在使用集中式粒子滤波(CPF)对WSN中的节点测量信息进行融合时,粒子滤波器中的一部分粒子使用从无迹变换(UT)获得的高斯分布作为建议分布进行粒子传播,而剩余的另一部分粒子则简单地使用状态转移先验分布进行粒子传播。WSN中的融合跟踪仿真结果表明,和纯粒子滤波算法CPF相比,在仿真速率相当的情况下,混合滤波算法明显提高了跟踪精度和稳定性。     

分散信息滤波及其在组合导航中的应用

 本文提出一种分级式分敞信息滤波算法,并通过具体实例研究了它在组合导航系统中的应用。这种算法的特点是主滤波器的计算量小,量测修正只涉及到加(减)法运算。尤其适合于数据采样频率较高、反馈校正间隔较长的组合导航系统。     

A System for the Measurement of the Amazon

The System for the Vigilance of the Amazon (SIVAM) is a $1.4 billion dollar project of Brazil aimed at the development and deployment of a high-technology system-of-systems to perform monitoring, protection, and control of the land, air, and water resources of the Brazilian Amazon region. The primary challenge of the SIVAM project is to perform remote sensing and communications over a vast and undeveloped land area. The SIVAM network meets this challenge through an extensive network of Air Traffic Control/Surveillance Radars, Environmental Sensors, Communications Systems, Airborne Sensor Systems, and Coordination Centers. Now fully operational, the SIVAM system is the world's largest fully integrated remote monitoring system of the environment and provides critical information on a timely basis to the Brazilian government, law enforcement agencies, and to commercial, educational, and research groups.     

Multi-sensor optimal data fusion for INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation system

INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation system represents the trend of next generation navigation systems with the high performance of independence, high precision and reliability. This paper presents a new multi-sensor data fusion methodology for INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems. This methodology combines local decentralized fusion with global optimal fusion to enhance the accuracy and reliability of integrated navigation systems. A decentralized estimation fusion method is established for individual integrations of GPS and SAR into INS to obtain the local optimal state estimations in a parallel manner. A global optimal estimation fusion theory is studied to fuse the local optimal estimations for generating the global optimal state estimation of INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems. The global data fusion features a method of variance upper finiteness and a method of variance upper bound to ensure that the global optimal state estimation can be achieved under a general condition. Experimental results demonstrate that INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems achieved by using the proposed methodology have a better performance than INS/GPS integrated systems.     

Comments on `Comparison of two-sensor tracking methods based onstate vector fusion and measurement fusion' by J. Roecker et al

As shown in the above named work (ibid., vol.24, p.447-9, July, 1988), the improvement in the centralized scheme over the decentralized one was shown to be about 6-8%. The reason is briefly described     

Three-dimensional cooperative guidance laws against stationary and maneuvering targets

This paper presents the cooperative strategies for salvo attack of multiple missiles based on the classical proportional navigation(PN) algorithm.The three-dimensional(3-D) guidance laws are developed in a quite simple formulation that consists of a PN component for target capture and a coordination component for simultaneous arrival.The centralized algorithms come into effect when the global information of time-to-go estimation is obtained, whereas the decentralized algorithms have better performance when each missile can only collect information from neighbors.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed coordination algorithms are feasible to perform the cooperative engagement of multiple missiles against both stationary and maneuvering targets.The effectiveness of the 3-D guidance laws is also discussed.     

一种民用飞机电作动舱门集中式控制方案研究

在未来飞机多/全电化和机电综合管理的发展趋势下,舱门作动器逐渐由机电作动取代了传统的液压、机械作动。针对目前民用飞机舱门分散式独立控制杂、乱、散的局面,提出一种用于电作动舱门的集中式控制方案。对该集中式控制方案下如何实现电机的伺服控制、舱门的并行控制以及接近传感器感应距离值的修改进行设计,并搭建舱门作动系统模拟装置及电...