发展经济、造福社会，保持航天优势地位——解读《英国民用航天发展战略（2008～2012及更远）》

2008年初,英国政府颁布了《英国民用航天发展战略（2008—2012及更远）》（以下简称《战略》——编者注）。《战略》是由英国国家航天中心（BNSC）研究提出,经过英国创新、大学与技能部批准通过。《战略》赋予了英国国家航天中心在推动民用航天发展战略方面的领导职能。     

2008～2012年及以后英国民用航天战略(一)

英国2月14日公布了其新的民用航天战略,题为《英国民用航天战略：2008～2012年及更远》。该战略文件提出了英国政府通过共同努力使英国的航天投资——包括政府各部门和私营部门——取得最大效益的总体目标和途径。它还将有助于该国各个机构就其活动和投资做出各自的战略决策。现予连载发表,以供参考。——编者     

2008～2012年及以后英国民用航天战略（三）

愿景的实现:主题目标 2008～2012年的关键主题目标是: 发展未来经济 1)扩大科学基础的利用范围.目标是使与航天相关专业领域内的科学基础存在互动关系的企业数量翻一番.     

2008～2012年及以后英国民用航天战略(二)

愿景:管理不断变化的地球 要应对全球环境挑战,实现社会效益. 经济和人口的快速增长正在日益加大对自然资源的压力,而且人类活动正在引起前所未有的环境变化.气候变化如今已有了无可辩驳的科学依据:它带来了严重的全球威胁,急需做出全球性的反应.     

Space in the UK: something to celebrate?

This article discusses current UK space activities that were debated during the ‘policy’ day of a 3-day ‘Festival of Space’ held at Surrey University in July 2003. While the emphasis is on using space to fulfil the needs of society, it is apparent that crafting a coherent strategy that would provide the political support needed to do this—in Europe as well as in the UK—remains difficult.     

中国航天产业研发--战略、政策和中欧合作

5月13日,由中国国家科技部、欧盟委员会科研总司、欧盟轮值主席国卢森堡大公国政府共同主办的中欧科技战略高层论坛在北京人民大会堂举办。航天科技集团公司总经理张庆伟在此次论坛上做了题为《中国航天产业研发———战略、政策和中欧合作》的演讲,从战略与政策、国际合作的历史与现状、中欧合作建议和结论等方面进行了论述。本刊特此全文登出,以飨读者。     

System design and performance of the two-gyro science mode for the Hubble Space Telescope

For 15 years, the science mission of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) required using three of the six on-board rate gyros for attitude control. Failed gyros were eventually replaced through Space Shuttle Servicing Missions. To ensure the maximum science mission life, a two-gyro science (TGS) mode has been designed and implemented with performance comparable to three-gyro operations. The excellent performance has enabled a transition to operations with 2 gyros (by intentionally turning off a running gyro to save it for later use), and allows for an even greater science mission extension. Predictions show the gain in mission life approaching two years. In TGS mode, the rate information formerly provided by the third gyro is provided by another sensor. There are three submodes, each defined by the sensor used to provide the missing rate information (magnetometers, star trackers, and fine guidance sensors). Although each sensor has limitations, when used sequentially they provide the means to transition from relatively large, post-maneuver attitude errors of up to 10, to the arcsecond errors needed to transition to fine pointing required for science observing. Only small reductions in science productivity exist in TGS mode primarily due to more difficult target scheduling necessary to satisfy constraints imposed by the use of the star trackers. Scientists see no degradation in image quality due to the very low jitters levels that are nearly equivalent to three-gyro mode.     

Space science and applications in CSIRO: towards a strategic plan

This Australian discussion paper, developed over a period of 12 months with input from a wide selection of scientists throughout the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and prepared for CSIRO by C B Faudry, G P Harris and G J Huntington, recognizes that methodologies in space science are tools to be used in the support of CSIRO's science programs. It addresses the strengths and capabilities of CSIRO in the area of space science and puts forward policies, identifies roles and areas of opportunity for CSIRO. Implementation strategies are suggested. Following this step, the CSIRO Office of Space Science and Applications (COSSA) in consultation with Instiutes and Divisions will develop further the coherent strategy for space science research in CSIRO and use it to prepare a rolling strategic plan for this important area of science in the organisation. Copies of the report are available from COSSA at the address below.     

Using Spacelab as a precursor of science operations for the Space Station

For more than 15 years, Spacelab, has provided a laboratory in space for an international array of experiments, facilities, and experimenters. In addition to continuing this important work, Spacelab is now serving as a crucial stepping-stone to the improved science, improved operations, and rapid access to space that will characterize International Space Station. In the Space Station era, science operations will depend primarily on distributed/remote operations that will allow investigators to direct science activities from their universities, facilities, or home bases. Spacelab missions are a crucial part of preparing for these activities, having been used to test, prove, and refine remote operations over several missions. The knowledge gained from preparing these Missions is also playing a crucial role in reducing the time required to put an experiment into orbit, from revolutionizing the processes involved to testing the hardware needed for these more advanced operations. This paper discusses the role of the Spacelab program and the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center- (MSFC-) managed missions in developing and refining remote operations, new hardware and facilities for use on Space Station, and procedures that dramatically reduce preparation time for flight.     

The Development Strategy for China''''s Deep Space Exploration Technology

Today, the deep space exploration in China is drawing the world's attention. In 2000, the Chinese Government issued the White Paper on China's Space Activities, which officially listed "the development of space science and technology and the deep space exploration" as the     

欧洲航天动力规划与我国空间推进技术发展对策

在法国凡尔塞举行的第六届国际空间会议上,欧洲航天比较详尽地向世界展示了其航天动力技术的过去、现在和未来.本文记录了本次会议的情况,分析了当前国内外航天动力的发展趋势和我国空间推进技术现状,提出了我国空间推进技术的发展建议.     

Europe without fractures: a Spanish view of the European Space Strategy

On 16 November 2000, the Council of the European Space Agency (ESA) meeting at Ministerial level and the European Research Council of the European Union (EU) gathered in Brussels to adopt in parallel two resolutions on a European Strategy for Space. This political impetus indicates a clear motivation to support the further development of the European space sector, based on a much closer collaboration between the two European institutions, thereby exploiting their respective competencies and synergies. This paper presents some Spanish viewpoints relative to the common European Strategy for Space of the EU and ESA. Spain is supportive of the new strategy and the paper describes how its co-ordinated approach could be translated into action across various European programmes.     

国外航天运输系统发展战略和趋势分析

作为航天技术的基础,航天运输系统的技术水平代表着一个国家自主进出空间的能力。确保安全、可靠、快速、机动、廉价、环保地进出空间,不仅是未来实现迅速部署、重构、扩充和维护航天器的基础,也是大规模开发利用空间资源的前提。当前航天运输系统的发展正处于一个能力转型阶段,航天运输系统的概念、任务和总体技术要求都发生着根本性变化。     

基于IPv6 和空间包协议的空间路由策略设计与分析

针对卫星星内和星间一体化组网问题,结合已有的智能化航天器综合电子系统协议体系架构,提出了基于IPv6和空间包协议的空间路由策略。该策略借鉴IPv4和IPv6的隧道机制,利用空间包局部信息与IPv6全局信息的映射完成协议封装。以星载路由器为核心搭建演示验证系统,通过典型实例验证该策略具有一体化组网的可行性。在分析策略存在的灵活性问题基础上,提出了定制空间包格式、修改协议信息表的优化措施。该策略的设计与其在星载路由器中的实现,可为我国天地一体化信息网络的构建提供参考。     

中国航天的发展战略和重点领域

一、中国航天的政府管理航天事业创建50年来,在党中央、国务院的领导下,为适应不同发展阶段和任务的需求,伴随着我国国防科技工业的发展,其管理体制经历了多次变迁。直至1998年,为适应社会主义市场经济体制的要求,按照政企分开、供需分开的原则,新成立了国务院领导下的国防科工     

俄罗斯航天发展战略与管理体制的调整

一、前苏联与美国开展空间军备竞赛的发展战略造成了航天的畸形发展，俄罗斯从前苏联继承的航天工业面临着崩溃的危险 俄罗斯的前身苏联为了政治和军事上的需要，为了争夺超级大国地位，冷战时期一直奉行与美国争夺航天领先地位的发展战略。航天科技工业是前苏联少数几个处于世界领先地位的领域之一，前苏联采取了集中力量优先发展军事航天工业的策略。国防会议是前苏联导弹航天政策和计划的最高决策机构，由苏共中央总书记任主席，部长会议主席任副主席。通用机器制造部主管战略导弹、运载火箭和航天器的研制与生产。前苏联航天计划经费都…     

空间站空间因特网与空间通信链路设计

为改善在空间站长期值守的航天员的业务生活,提出建立空间站网吧,为航天员提供因特网服务的构想。为此分析研究空间站空间因特网服务系统及其关键技术,提出空间站空间因特网服务系统构建方案。结合这一系统构建方案,一是研究解决了支持复杂异构网络运行的空间因特网网络协议设计技术,空间站空间因特网直接采用TCP/IP协议,并通过系统设计,较好地克服了TCP/IP协议不能适应空间通信链路的难题,支持采用基于TCP/IP协议的商用货架(COTS)软、硬件产品,可明显降低空间站空间因特网服务系统建设与维护成本;二是研究解决了涉及空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的空间通信链路设计技术,空间站在同一条空间通信链路同时传输空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据,空间通信链路采用CCSDS的AOS协议,并通过建立虚拟的物理信道,解决了空间因特网数据和空间站测控通信数据的安全隔离问题,能满足空间站测控通信网运行安全和空间信息安全的要求。     

Development Trend and Strategy of Space Technology in the 21st Century

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＴｒｅｎｄａｎｄＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙｏｆＳｐａｃｅＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｎｔｈｅ２１ｓｔＣｅｎｔｕｒｙＭｒＬｉｕＪｉｙｕａｎ,ＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｏｒｏｆＣｈｉｎａＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｐａｃｅＡｄｍｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｄｅ...