载人航天器舷窗玻璃弹抛方案研究

介绍了载人航天器舷窗玻璃弹抛方案的论证、设计及其原理性试验。通过对国内外舷窗玻璃弹抛方案分析、比较，结合目前载人航天器的实际情况，确定了手动机械弹抛的方案。该方案较好地解决了连接、解锁、弹抛问题。     

一种快速的飞行器布局方案优选方法

本文引用系统模糊优选理论与基于数理统计正交表的设计法相结合来处理飞行器布局方案优选问题，并举例说明具体用法，文中方法对整个飞行器方案选择有一定参考价值。     

空军航空高超声速系统:需求,方案及技术要求之间的关系

为了协助美国空军高超声速技术发展战略的制订，本文评估了作战部队对高超声速武器系统的潜在需求和研制各种高超声速武器系统方案所需要的技术，这项评估包括选取一些可能解决已查明的作呀部队短缺问题的高超声速系统方案和评估实施这些方案所必需的各项技术，然后根据每一种技术在满足用户需求和方案中记分次数的多少加以排队，以确定该项技术的普遍适用程度。研究结果表明，高超声速系统能够满足大量的用户需求，高超声速系统固有     

两级运载火箭回收方案设想

文章通过对Ｋ－１运载火箭的回收方案进行分析，提出回收质量分别为１０ｔ和２０ｔ的两级运载火箭的回收方案设想。文章指出，根据现有的回收技术水平，对运载火箭的回收是完全可行的。     

航天产品工艺总方案编制方法研究

针对航天产品工程研制阶段工艺总方案编制过程中经常遇到的问题，结合课题研究，提出了解决办法，同时提出了对方案论证阶段工艺总方案的编制内容、编制方法的改进意见。     

小型固体发动机喷管堵盖方案探讨

结合某型号几种小型发动机的研制过程，介绍了几种小型发动机喷管堵盖发，并对各方案的优劣进行了比较，给出了方案实施途径。     

欧洲区域性卫星导航系统论证方案

从用户需求和技术可行性提出了欧洲区域性卫星导航系统方案，并用信号设计，系统空间段、用衣段和地面段的组成等方面对两种方案的性能进行了对比分析和评估，确定了系统的构成并对系统的成本进行了分析。     

液体火箭发动机热转移循环方案

本文提出并讨论了一种新型发动机循环方案，该方案具有比冲高、泵出口压力较低的特点。文章对该循环方案进行了详细的系统分析。分析和计算表明热转移方案的性能优良。     

办公桌夏季个性化送风模拟研究

对办公桌桌面送风模型进行送风数值模拟，对四组送风参数方案模拟结果进行比较，找出优质送风方案。对优质送风方案进行人体周围温度场和风速场研究，得出在模拟工况下，优质送风方案相比于传统空调来说可更好的满足人体对周围空气温度、风速及卫生的舒适性要求，更容易达到节能舒适效果的结论。     

美国工业界提出新型运载器方案

美国工业界提出新型运载器方案在政府不大可能为直接研制先进的下一代运载器大量投资的情况下，美国的一些公司最近提出了几种过渡性的运载器发展方案，以期提高美国现有一次性运载器的现代化水平。这种做法从财力上说要比研制先进的可重复使用运载器更易承受，后者需耗资...     

Integrating local multi-criteria evaluation with spatially explicit uncertainty-sensitivity analysis

The conventional methods of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) fail to account for local variability in criteria values and criteria preferences, disregarding local influence in spatial decision making. Moreover, understanding the interaction between MCE model input and output has paramount importance in terms of the level of confidence in the model results and their subsequent use in decision making. This research contributes to spatial MCE methodology by articulating the presence of uncertainty included in criteria weights and extending a local MCE technique with a spatially explicit uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. The article presents a methodology for multi-criteria evaluation extended by an integrated uncertainty-sensitivity analysis and illustrates it on the example of a land prioritization model for conservation practices.     

武器装备体系评估理论与方法的探索与实践

针对武器装备体系评估的需要,围绕体系仿真试验床,提出了基于复杂系统的体系理解、面向整个武器装备体系、坚持联合作战背景、重在体系贡献度量、采用复杂科学方法手段、依托积累的模型和实演的数据、建立全新的体系实验框架、达成辅助高层决策目的等8条新理念,讨论了多重循环实验、体系指标挖掘、网状指标体系、能力状态测量、动态体系模型、焦点接入、基线实验评估、方案智能对接、大数据超网分析、结果多维比对、体系贡献度量、洞察辅助决策等12项关键技术。     

The US national space transportation policy: issues for congress

Below is a summary of what was to be the first in a series of reports produced by the Office of Technology Assessment (now defunct) on policy for the USA's future space transportation technology and industrial base. It examines the Clinton Administration's 1994 National Space Transportation Policy and supporting implementation plans and raises and analyses such issues as conflicts and redundancies within NASA and DoD space transportation development programs; competition and cooperation with foreign launch vehicle and component providers; US government limits on the conversion of long-range missiles to space launchers in the face of Russian activity in this area; and the effectiveness of Administration efforts to include the private sector in space transportation decision making. Some issues not covered in the Policy are also discussed.     

气象卫星数字基带信号解码的两种方法

论述利用计算机对气象卫星数字基带信号解码的两种方法。方法一是在开环条件下对基带采样跟踪与智能判决。方法二是基于最优检测原理 ,在分相码 (Manchester码 )的解码中简化了正交积分锁相环 ,采用单积分器辅助计算机智能判断 ,对基带实现最优检测     

Understanding strategic decision making in the context of international space activities

This paper argues that a better understanding of strategic decision making processes in different space agencies is relevant to the successful carrying out of international cooperative undertakings in space and that this kind of information should be taken into account when decisions are to be made on engaging in a new partnership. In this context, the paper provides a general framework for the study of strategic decision making in space organisations, with particular emphasis on the influence of culture. Additionally, it offers practical examples of how differences in policy priorities, decision making environments and practices amongst space organisations can affect international cooperative endeavours. A particular concern is with the role of national and corporate cultures in creating and reflecting differences between space agencies. In order to gather information on strategic decision making processes in the space sector, a series of 30 interviews was conducted with top decision makers from NASA, ESA and the space organisations of Brazil, France, Canada, Russia, The Netherlands and the UK.     

经营决策的规划求解

经营决策中数学及运筹学方法的应用，使决策方案在定性分析的基础上获得了可靠的定量分析信息，为科学决策提供了方法上的保障。但由于决策方案一般涉及大量的约束条件和决策变量，给定量计算工作带来沉重的负担。本文通过对利用计算机软件进行规划求解的介绍，可以力便地缓解繁杂的计算工作问题，使经营决策的规划求解问题能够变得十分方便。     

论我国农村集体土地法律制度的完善

土地利用效益不高,长期以来一直制约着农民收入的增长。《物权法》的颁布,对提高土地的效益将会起着重大的促进作用。本文探讨了在《物权法》的实施过程中,我们应当注意的一些具体问题。     

一种高速可变形飞行器智能变形决策方法

针对一类高速可变形飞行器(HMFV)的变形决策问题，提出一种基于深度确定性策略算法(DDPG)下考虑综合性能指标最优的智能变形决策方法。首先，以一类后掠角可连续变化的高速飞行器为研究对象，给出变形飞行器动力学模型，分析模型特性及变形量与关键气动参数之间的定性关系。其次，基于关键气动数据特征分析，考虑包含气动性能、控制误差在内的综合性能指标，设计一种基于DDPG算法的智能变形决策方案。再者，针对带有标称控制器的HMFV进行变形决策训练，实时获得滑翔过程中不同飞行状态下的最优构型。最后，仿真结果表明所设计的智能变形决策算法收敛效果好，且具备较好的泛化性能。相比于固定外形，可通过变形使得在不同状态下的升阻比保持最优，且与考虑单一决策指标相比，考虑综合指标最优的变形决策可进一步缩小姿态动态跟踪误差。     

Global space exploration 2025: Europe's perspectives for partnerships

Space exploration is an emblematic domain of space activities where traditionally only established space powers have been active. However, new actors are demonstrating great interest in it, principally for international prestige reasons, with an increasing number making ambitious plans. Complementing national endeavours, international cooperation has become a central element of most countries' exploration strategy, since the costs of doing it alone are so great. Europe's development into a fully fledged actor in space exploration requires a shared assessment of the future challenges, threats and opportunities with which it will be confronted in order to derive the best options for cooperation to lead and anticipate rather than follow and endure change.     

A note on China's space technology

Since the early 1960s China has been making its own contribution to space exploration. This note outlines China's plans for building a space station and developing an Earth-space transporation system in the 1990s.