基于三维有限元模型的弹翼胶接结构胶层应力分析

目前对复合材料胶接修理结构中胶层的模拟多采用二维平面单元,不能有效模拟胶层在外载荷作用下的真实应力状态。考虑某飞行器弹翼修理时形成的复合材料双面胶接结构承受载荷后处于三维应力状态的情况,建立了该修理结构的三维有限元模型,计算出单向拉伸条件下胶层的剪应力,并与Hart-Smith解析解进行对比。分析结果表明三维有限元模型正确、合理。利用所建立的模型分析胶层的剪应力和剥离应力的分布特点,得出胶层破坏的失效顺序,为胶接修理结构的承载能力分析以及结构改进提供参考依据。     

立式捏合机桨叶结构参数对混合釜流场影响的仿真分析

为揭示立式捏合机桨叶几何结构参数与混合釜流场之间的关系,以1 L两桨立式捏合机为研究对象,采用计算流体力学ANSYS Fluent 14.5软件对立式捏合机进行了三维模型仿真研究,分析了桨叶结构参数(桨桨间隙、桨叶螺旋角)的改变对混合物料挤压应力和剪切应力的影响。结果表明,增大桨桨间隙可减小桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨螺旋角分别为40°、45°、50°,桨桨间隙由1.0 mm增加到3.0 mm,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均减小了82.4%、57.23%;增大桨叶螺旋角可增大桨叶对混合物料的挤压应力和剪切应力,空心桨间隙分别为1.0、2.0 mm,桨叶螺旋角由35°增加到55°,挤压应力、剪切应力分别平均增加了92.8%、55.7%。     

超声速进气道快速CFD数值模拟计算方案(英文)

根据进气道内部流动特征,并结合现有工程设计经验和试验结论,提出从进气道喉道段出口截面截断,简化取其超声速扩压段和喉道段与其外部流场统一构造出具有单一性态超声速流动的流场计算域,既缩减了CFD数值模拟的计算规模,又提高数值计算的收敛性。经实例计算分析表明,解算速度和效率大大提高,单个计算工况仅需时不到20 m in即可快速完成求解,并可基于数值计算模型提取出进气道捕获流量和最大总压恢复系数等全部主要性能参数,特别适合于在超声速进气道方案设计阶段用来快速进行性能评估和方案选型,有利于提高设计效率,缩短研制开发周期。     

翼身组合弹箭马格努斯效应数值模拟研究

为研究翼身组合弹箭马格努斯特性及产生机理,采用完全时间相关的非定常N-S方程,对带翼弹箭在高速旋转状态下的绕流场进行数值模拟,得到马格努斯力和力矩系数随攻角变化的规律,所得结果与阿诺德工程发展中心（AEDC）试验及陆军研究实验室（ARL）计算结果吻合很好。分析表明压力差是产生马格努斯力的主因,切应力产生的马格努斯力只占压力产生马格努斯力的1%;弹身马格努斯力除α40°外皆为负,舵马格努斯力始终为正;α5°~30°每个舵的马格努斯力不是正弦变化规律,但合力呈现正弦变化规律。     

粗糙物面引起的超声速边界层转捩现象研究

采用风洞实验和数值模拟方法研究平板表面圆柱形粗糙单元引起的M=3超声速边界层转捩问题。实验采用纳米粒子示踪平面激光散射技术（NPLS）对流动结构进行测量。共考察了1mm、2mm和4mm三个不同的粗糙度条件。采用五阶精度加权紧致非线性格式（WCNS-E-5）对风洞实验进行数值模拟和对比。实验及计算表明：粗糙元对边界层干扰后诱导了尾迹流向涡的形成,流向涡通过抬升机制产生剪切层和流向速度条带等不稳定结构;实验流动图像显示,剪切层不稳定在边界层转捩过程中起重要作用;随着粗糙元高度增加,流动分离范围和转捩区域明显扩大,转捩位置有提前的趋势。     

Heat transfer of thermocapillary convection in a two-layered fluid system under the influence of magnetic field

Heat transfer of a two-layer fluid system has been of great importance in a variety of industrial applications. For example, the phenomena of immiscible fluids can be found in materials processing and heat exchangers. Typically in solidification from a melt, the convective motion is the dominant factor that affects the uniformity of material properties. In the layered flow, thermocapillary forces can come into an important play, which was first emphasized by a previous investigator in 1958. Under extraterrestrial environments without gravity, thermocapillary effects can be a more dominant factor, which alters material properties in processing. Control and optimization of heat transfer in an immiscible fluid system need complete understanding of the flow phenomena that can be induced by surface tension at a fluid interface. The present work is focused on understanding of the magnetic field effects on thermocapillary convection, in order to optimize material processing. That is, it involves the study of the complicated phenomena to alter the flow motion in crystal growth. In this effort, the Marangoni convection in a cavity with differentially heated sidewalls is investigated with and without the influence of a magnetic field. As a first step, numerical analyzes are performed, by thoroughly investigating influences of all pertinent physical parameters. Experiments are then conducted, with preliminary results, for comparison with the numerical analyzes.     

Igniter jet dynamics in solid fuel ramjets

The dynamics of a two dimensional plane jet injected at the base of a step, parallel to the wall, in backward facing step flow geometry is numerically studied. The objective of this work is to gain insight into the dynamics of the igniter flow field in solid fuel ramjet motors. Solid fuel ramjets operate by ingestion of air and subsequent combustion with a solid fuel grain such as polyethylene. The system of governing equations is solved with a finite volume approach using a structured grid in which the AUSM⁺ scheme is used to calculate the convective fluxes. The Spalart and Allmaras turbulence model is used in these simulations. Experimental data have been used to validate the flow solver and turbulence model simulation results. The comparison of the numerical results and experimental data has validated the use of the adopted turbulence model for the study of this type of problem. A special attention is paid to the igniter jet exit location. It is shown that the wall jet igniter, issuing from the base of the step, drastically changes the structure of recirculating region of backward facing step flow and produces large and damaging shear stress on the fuel surface. Moving the igniter jet exit location to the top of the backward facing step changes the flow field favorably, by reducing the fuel surface shear stress by an order of magnitude and maintaining the recirculating region behind the step, which can provide proper residence time for the fuel–air mixture chemical reactions.     

粉末燃料供应装置中增设扰流锥体数值模拟研究

在粉末燃料冲压发动机的粉末燃料供应装置流化喷管处增设扰流锥体,并针对扰流锥体不同结构外形和位置对流场中离散相颗粒浓度的影响进行了计算分析,总结出了冷态下扰流锥体对外流场颗粒浓度分布的影响规律。     

Test-Particle Trajectories in a “Sheared” Stationary Field: Newton–Lorentz and First Order Drift Numerical Simulations1

We study a magnetic field distribution that is nonuniform and sheared like in tangential discontinuities. This distribution is an input parameter for the numerical integration of the equations of motion of the test-particle and of its guiding center. Two different electric field distributions are alternatively tested. In the first case, the electric field is uniform and constant like the electric field prescribed in the large-scale, steady-state reconnection models. The numerical solution shows that in this case the test-particle is trapped within the discontinuity into a region where (i) B goes to zero or (ii) the magnetic vector becomes exactly parallel to the electric field. In the second case, we consider an electric field, which is nonuniform. Its components are computed such that the zero order (or electric) drift is everywhere perpendicular to the discontinuity surface and its value is conserved throughout the simulation. In this case the numerically integrated trajectory of the test-particle penetrates the discontinuity for any angle of shear of B. Direct comparison between exact (Newton–Lorentz) and approximated (first order drift) numerical solutions shows that the mathematical singularities of the latter do not correspond to any physical singularity of the exact equation of motion of the particle.     

矩形截面电磁流量计分布权值研究与分析

电磁流量计广泛的应用在各种气体，液体等流量测量场合，权值函数表征了流体在管道横截面空间各位置上的流体速度对输出电压信号的相对作用，同时也对应了磁场分布的模型建立要求。本文对矩形和圆形截面的权值分布进行分析和性能比对，提出了对传统圆形结构的改进方向。     

Surface effects on the free vibration behavior of postbuckled circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates including geometrical nonlinearity

This investigation deals with the free vibration characteristics of circular higher-order shear deformable nanoplates around the postbuckling configuration incorporating surface effects. Using the Gurtin–Murdoch elasticity theory, a size-dependent higher-order shear deformable plate model is developed which takes account all surface effects including surface elasticity, surface stress and surface density. Geometrical nonlinearity is considered based on the von Karman type nonlinear strain–displacement relationships. Also, in order to satisfy the balance conditions between bulk and surfaces of nanoplate, it is assumed that the normal stress is distributed cubically through the thickness of nanoplate. Hamilton?s principle is utilized to derive non-classical governing differential equations of motion and related boundary conditions. Afterwards, an efficient numerical methodology based on a generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is employed to solve numerically the problem so as to discretize the governing partial differential equations along various edge supports using Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto grid points and pseudo arc-length continuation technique. A comparison between the results of present non-classical model and those of the classical plate theory is conducted. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the prebuckling domain, for a specified value of axial load in the postbuckling domain, increasing the plate thickness leads to higher frequencies.     

The Impact of Variable Accelerations on Crystal Growth onboard Spacecraft by the Floating Zone Method

The numerical investigation of the impact of time-dependent accelerations (vibrations) on the flow and heat and mass transfer in the melt is carried out for the case of modeling the crystal growth by the floating zone method under conditions of microgravity that exist onboard spacecraft. The effects of the Archimedean buoyancy force and of vibrations of the free surface of fluid are considered separately. When solving the problem of the effect of the vibrations of the free surface of fluid, the previously obtained data were used. It is shown that vibrations of the free surface have a much stronger effect on the processes under consideration than the buoyancy. Some problems that are related to the newly discovered effects are discussed. The use of vibroprotected systems and a rotating magnetic field can help solve these problems. We plan to continue our investigations in future spacecraft experiments, in particular, at the International Space Station, which is under construction at the moment.     

屈服假塑性凝胶模拟液直圆管流变和流动特性分析

通过理论分析和试验研究,进行了某型凝胶模拟液在直圆管内的流变和流动特性研究。研究结果表明：该凝胶模拟液具有明显的屈服应力;由于屈服应力的作用,直圆管中心明显地分为剪切流动区和柱塞流动区,柱塞流动区半径与屈服应力成正比,与压力梯度成反比;当流量恒定时,沿程压降随屈服应力的增大而增大;当压力梯度保持不变时,流量随屈服应力的增大而减小。     

基于Reddy简化高阶剪切理论的复合材料对称角铺设矩形板横向弯曲一般解析解

采用复数级数法求解基于Reddy简化高阶剪切理论的复合材料对称角铺设矩形板横向弯曲问题。将待定位移函数展开为复数级数,代入该弯曲问题控制偏微分方程组,确定特征根和挠度待定常数与其他位移函数待定常数之间关系式。首次给出了该弯曲问题实数形式的一般解析解。将该一般解析解代入矩形板弯曲边界条件和角点条件,根据正弦级数的正交性建立关于挠度函数待定常数的线性代数方程组,求解此线性代数方程组可确定挠度函数待定常数。建立了该问题解析求解模式。将Reddy高阶剪切理论解析解与经典理论、一阶剪切理论解析解进行对比计算,验证了一般解析解,并给出数值算例。     

基于SPH方法的幂律流体突缩型管路流动过程仿真

应用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法进行了幂律型流体的突缩型管路流动过程仿真。推导了SPH形式的流体动力学控制方程,应用罚方法施加边界条件,应用人工应力消除拉伸不稳定现象,应用XSPH方法规范粒子秩序。提出了幂律型本构关系的SPH求解方法,推导了剪切速率及粘性项的计算公式。应用Poiseuille流算例对本文的幂律型本构求解方法进行了验证,获取了幂律型流体在突缩管中的流动特性,并与水的流动特性进行了对比分析。讨论了流动特性的成因。     

On the structure of the floating zone in melting

Floating zone melting is used in crystal growth and purification of high melting materials. The use of a reduced gravity environment will remove the constraint imposed on the length of the zone by the hydrostatic pressure. The equilibrium of the floating zone may involve, (1) Hydrostatic forces, when the zone rotates as a whole. (2) Convective driving forces, when the zone is stationary but fluid property gradients appear. (3) Hydrodynamic forces, when some parts of the zone are set into motion with respect to others. The last effects are considered in this paper. The flow pattern of a floating zone held between two discs in relative motion is complicated, and thence the solution of the problem is difficult even assuming a constant property-newtonian liquid. Nevertheless, when a small parameter appears in the problem, the complete flow field can be split into zones where simple solutions are found. To illustrate this approach, the spin-up from rest of an initially cylindrical floating zone is considered with detail. Here the small parameter is the time elapsed from the impulsive starting of motion. Since the problem which has been considered, as well as some others which can be tackled by use of similar methods, concern the viscous layer close to either plate, they can be simulated experimentally in the ground laboratory with short floating zones. Procedures to produce these zones are indicated.     

固体火箭发动机点火瞬时内流场轴对称数值分析

应用流体计算软件(FLUENT),通过UDF(用户定义函数)编程,考虑了辐射热量的影响,对固体火箭发动机点火瞬时内流场进行了轴对称数值分析,得出了点火瞬时的压强．时间曲线、各时刻的流场和推进剂燃面上的辐射热量。从具体数值上分析了辐射热量对点火瞬时的影响。研究结果表明,该方法可较好地预示点火瞬时的内流场和压强变化情况。     

Plasma flow disturbances in the magnetospheric plasma sheet during substorm activations

We have considered variations in fields and particle fluxes in the near-Earth plasma sheet on the THEMIS-D satellite together with the auroral dynamics in the satellite-conjugate ionospheric part during two substorm activations on December 19, 2014 with K _p = 2. The satellite was at ~8.5R_E and MLT = 21.8 in the outer region of captured energetic particles with isotropic ion fluxes near the convection boundary of electrons with an energy of ~10 keV. During substorm activations, the satellite recorded energetic particle injections and magnetic field oscillations with a period of ~90 s. In the satellite-conjugate ionospheric part, the activations were preceded by wavelike disturbances of auroral brightness along the southern azimuthal arc. In the expansion phase of activations, large-scale vortex structures appeared in the structure of auroras. The sudden enhancements of auroral activity (brightening of arcs, auroral breakup, and appearance of NS forms) coincided with moments of local magnetic field dipolarization and an increase in the amplitude Pi2 of pulsations of the B_z component of the magnetic field on the satellite. Approximately 30–50 s before these moments, the magnetosphere was characterized by an increased rate of plasma flow in the radial direction, which initiated the formation of plasma vortices. The auroral activation delays relative to the times when plasma vortices appear in the magnetosphere decreased with decreasing latitude of the satellite projection. The plasma vortices in the magnetosphere are assumed to be responsible for the observed auroral vortex structures and the manifestation of the hybrid vortex instability (or shear flow ballooning instability) that develops in the equatorial magnetospheric plane in the presence of a shear plasma flow in the region of strong pressure gradients in the Earthward direction.     

25t级氢氧膨胀循环发动机推力室氧腔流动仿真

为提高25 t级氢氧膨胀循环发动机推力室氧喷嘴出口流量均匀性,采用CFD方法对氧腔内流场进行了三维稳态数值仿真研究,分析了造成出口流量分布不均的原因,并据此设计了4种改进结构的氧腔,对每种结构进行了细节优化。通过数值仿真得到了不同方案氧腔内的流场分布以及喷嘴出口流量分布,对比分析了均流板和液氧入口结构对出口流量均匀性的...