湍流模型对三维翼梢涡流场数值模拟的影响

 梢涡流场数值模拟对减少梢涡的不良影响意义深远。应用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法建立了三维翼梢涡流场数值模型,选用的湍流模型包括两种经典两方程模型和一种代数雷诺应力模型。计算内容包括翼梢涡流场速度分布、压力分布及涡核位置,为了准确模拟梢涡涡核内系统旋转和流线曲率影响,将旋转和曲率修正方法应用于选用的湍流模型中。计算时对翼梢涡涡核处网格进行了加密处理。将计算结果与实验结果对比后发现,修正后的湍流模型较标准湍流模型明显提高了预报精度,与实验结果吻合较好,具有工程应用价值。     

曲壁气膜冷却数值计算的研究

 本文在一般二维边界层流动和换热计算方法的基础上,引入湍流混合长度的修正模型,用以考虑壁面曲率和注入冷气对换热的影响,研究计算了壁面的弯曲部分和曲率恢复部分换热的变化,并对曲面上的气膜冷却问题作了计算,取得较满意的结果。     

旋转状态下曲率对气膜冷却影响的分析

 作为广泛应用于航空发动机涡轮叶片上的气膜冷却技术，其效果会受到叶片表面曲率、旋转、密度比等因素的影响。在通过理论分析着重研究了旋转状态下曲面上的气膜出流后，给出了评价曲面气膜出流受旋转速度影响的无量纲量局部旋转数。并且对各种影响因素进行了分析。在凸表面上，小局部旋转数会导致气膜趋于脱离壁面；大局部旋转数会使气膜趋于吸附壁面；对于凹表面，局部旋转数的影响正好相反。当局部旋转数很小时，动量流量比成为影响气膜出流脱离壁面与否的重要因素。文中并且给出了数值验证。     

通道参数对再生冷却通道流动换热的影响

应用RSM模型对冷却通道的流动与换热进行了三维数值模拟,冷却剂为气氢,考虑其物性随温度和压力的变化.所得结果表明:增加壁面粗糙度使冷却剂换热强化,但会增加流阻损失;在突扩突缩区域会出现旋涡,旋涡使局部流阻损失加大且使湍流加强,壁温在旋涡出现处降低;冷却通道内的流动发展不受入口湍流强度的影响;冷却剂离心力引发径向平面内的二次流动,二次流引起的冷却剂质量重新分布使传热在凹曲率段强化,凸曲率段恶化.      

90°强曲率弯管内三维湍流流场的数值分析

本文根据作者发展的一种能计算任意截面形状 90°弯管内三维不可压缩湍流流场的分析方法,利用作者实验的圆截面弯管数据 ( R_c/D=0.87)检验 k- ε双方程湍流模型预示强曲率三维湍流流场的精度。计算了 R_c/D=2.3的矩形截面和 R_c/D=0.87的圆截面 90°弯管,并将计算结果与相应实验数据进行了比较分析。结果表明,即使对曲率很强的弯管,吸力面 (内侧壁 )不出现二次流迁移所形成的低速区前,标准 k- ε双方程模型仍能较好地预示出平均速度场。      

旋转弯管内粘性流动特性的研究

基于工业上的应用,本文利用摄动方法求解了小曲率旋转变管内的粘性流动,系统地分析了主流速度、二次流动、流量和摩擦力在科氏力（Ｃｏｒｉｏｌｉｓ ｆｏｒｃｅ）和离心力共同作用下特性的变化情况;表明由于旋转的效应,旋转弯管内的流动状况较弯管内的流动状况复杂;同时还发现当科和和离心力之比Ｆ≈－１．２２时,二次流强度最弱,此时该流动近似为非旋转直管内的流动（Ｐｏｉｓｅｕｉｌｌｅ流）。     

绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管流动特性研究(续)

利用数值计算的方法研究了绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管内的粘性流动情况，分析了在不同入口距离处离心力和科氏力共同作用下的二次流动、轴向主流的发展变化情况。计算结果表明：F=-4．0时，流动呈现出4一涡结构；F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图在垂直面内与F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图正好相反；在大曲率情况下管道内会出现三个轴向速度极值点。     

Uncertainty analysis of turbulence model in capturing flows involving laminarization and retransition

Flows experiencing laminarization and retransition are universal and crucial in many engineering applications. The objective of this study is to conduct an uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analysis of turbulence model closure coefficients in capturing laminarization and retransition for a rapidly contracting channel flow. Specifically, two commonly used turbulence models are considered: the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) one-equation model and the Menter Shear Stress Transport (SST) two-equation model. Thereby, a series of steady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) predictions of aero-engine intake acceleration scenarios are carried out with the purposely designed turbulence model closure coefficients. As a result, both SA and SST models fail to capture the retransition phenomenon though they achieve pretty good performance in laminarization. Using the non-intrusive polynomial chaos method, solution uncertainties in velocity, pressure, and surface friction are quantified and analyzed, which reveals that the SST model possesses much great uncertainty in the non-laminar regime, especially for the logarithmic law prediction. Besides, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the critical contributors to the solution uncertainty, and then the correlations between the closure coefficients and the deviations of the outputs of interest are obtained via the linear regression method. The results indicate that the diffusion-related constants are the dominant uncertainty contributors for both SA and SST models. Furthermore, the remarkably strong correlation between the critical closure coefficients and the outputs might be a good guide to recalibrate and even optimize the commonly used turbulence models.     

Bayesian uncertainty analysis of SA turbulence model for supersonic jet interaction simulations

The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) models are still the workhorse in current engineering applications due to its high efficiency and robustness. However, the closure coefficients of RANS turbulence models are determined by model builders according to some simple fundamental flows, and the suggested values may not be applicable to complex flows, especially supersonic jet interaction flow. In this work, the Bayesian method is employed to recalibrate the closure coefficients of Spalart-Allma...     

壁面湍流模型对湍流分离流动数值模拟的影响

本文用三种近壁湍流模型计算了二个二维的湍流分离流动：单包流动和多包流动。结果表明：二层模型和低Reynolds数模型具有类似的特性。它们基本上给出合理的分离流动结构。壁函数的方法由于对数律的假定基本上不适合于计算湍流的分离流动。     

基于等熵压缩面型面坐标变换的二维曲面压缩面数值模拟

利用坐标变换矩阵对等熵压缩面型面坐标进行缩放变换,得到一系列不同曲率的二维曲面压缩面.利用数值模拟手段对该系列曲面压缩面进行了研究,并与壁面马赫数线性分布和压升规律可控的压缩面进行了比较.结果表明:等熵压缩面型面坐标变换后其长度明显缩短,在相同总偏转角下x轴坐标缩放比例因子为0.7的曲面压缩面长度缩短30%;不同x轴坐标缩放比例因子的曲面压缩面产生分散、不汇聚于一点的压缩波并能保持等熵压缩的流动特征,壁面压力分布得到一定程度的改善且随着x轴坐标缩放比例因子的减小,壁面马赫数逐渐趋于呈线性分布;x轴坐标缩放比例因子为0.5的曲面压缩面同壁面马赫数线性分布的压缩面在流场结构、壁面压力、壁面马赫数分布以及出口截面总压恢复系数、出口截面马赫数分布方面具有高度的相似性.      

厚覆冰导线升力突变机理及数值模拟研究

针对新月形厚覆冰导线的升力系数在风攻角15°附近存在突变的问题,分别采用基于k-ωSST湍流模型的雷诺时均法和大涡模拟(LES)的数值方法对新月形厚覆冰导线在风攻角10°~20°范围进行了模拟。通过对比两种数值方法计算得到的覆冰导线气动力系数、流场结构和表面风压,发现LES方法能够更好地捕捉新月形覆冰导线表面的小尺度涡结构,得到的覆冰导线气动力参数计算结果与风洞试验数据高度吻合;而k-ωSST湍流模型难以模拟壁面上小尺度涡,捕捉不到升力系数的突变。根据覆冰导线不同壁面区域的压力分布,发现上侧壁面处的涡结构影响整体流场,并在下侧壁面曲率、来流夹角和壁面切线方向共同作用下导致升力系数突变。LES的气动力参数模拟结果可为覆冰导线防舞提供参考。     

弯曲管道内湍流流动的数值模拟

为了对弯曲管道内的湍流流动特性进行有效的预测，用显示代数应力模式对－典型的弯曲管道内流动进行了数值模拟和分析，计算结果表明：（1）显式代数应力模式能对弯曲管道内流动的平均量（如速度、压力、摩阻等）进行较为准确的预测；（2）对模式中的ε方程做适当修正后，该模式能较好地模拟出流动曲率效尖对湍流特性的影响，是对雷诺应力模式的一个比较好的近似。此外，该模式在形式上与标准k－ε两方程模式类似，使用方便，具有较强的工程实用价值。     

SA一方程湍流模型参数影响分析与辨识

SA(Spalart-Allmaras)一方程湍流模型是目前工程湍流计算中主要采用的湍流模型之一。首先,针对某典型战斗机的小攻角、中等攻角、大攻角流动工况,利用均匀试验设计方法分析SA一方程模型中8个参数取值对上述工况下飞机升力和阻力系数计算结果的影响规律;然后,建立工程湍流模型参数的辨识方法,并将其用于该战斗机大攻角工况下湍流模型参数cb1值的辨识调整。结果表明:不同工况下,湍流模型参数对计算结果的影响规律不同;在附着流状态下,对升力和阻力影响较大的参数是cv1和cb1;在中等攻角和较大攻角下,对升力和阻力影响较大的参数是cb1;适当减小参数cb1的取值后,升力和阻力系数的计算结果有较明显的改善,这可能与飞机大攻角分离流场中涡粘系数和剪切应力的发展与自由剪切流存在一定差异有关。     

关于两方程湍流模型的考虑

通过对两方程湍流模型的分析,提出了在主流区或远壁区用两方程模型,近壁区用代数湍流模型的思路,即所谓的“双层”模型概念。通过对平板湍流附面层的计算表明,这种分层计算措施获得的速度分布、壁面剪切力较单纯应用低雷诺数两方程湍流模型时的结果准确。对非均匀来流条件下90°弯管内高湍流度流场的计算表明,双层模型可获得更加准确的速度分布。从而表明本文提出的分层计算措施是有效的,可满足工程计算要求。      

Physics-based model for boundary layer transition prediction in a wide speed range

A new physics-based model employing three transport equations is developed for the simulation of boundary layer transitions in a wide speed range. The laminar kinetic energy is used to represent pretransitional streamwise velocity fluctuations, taking account of different instability modes. The fluctuation velocity components normal to the streamwise direction are modeled by another transport equation. Transition is triggered automatically with the development of the pretransitional velocity fluctuations. In the fully turbulent region, the model reverts to the k-ω turbulence model. Different test cases, including subsonic, supersonic and hypersonic flows around flat plates, airfoils and straight cones, are numerically simulated to validate the performance of the model. The results demonstrate the excellent predictive capabilities of the model in different paths of transition. The model can serve as a basis for the extension of additional transition mechanisms, such as rotation and curvature effects, roughness-induced transition and crossflow-induced transition.     

磁控等离子体对尾喷管壁传热特性的影响

根据磁场作用下等离子体的湍流和传热能力将受到抑制的现象, 提出利用磁场控制低温等离子体隔离高温燃气与喷管壁的方法, 以减少高温燃气对壁面的传热, 从而达到降低壁面温度的目的.分别建立诱导磁场方程求解洛伦兹力和磁场作用下的k-ε湍流模型求解湍流粘度, 数值模拟了不同强度磁场作用下的磁控等离子体流动和传热特性.结果表明, 磁场能够有效地抑制湍流强度, 降低传热能力, 从而有效地降低壁面温度;并且磁场越强, 效果越明显.      

用于可压缩自由剪切流动的湍流混合长度

抓住可压缩流动变密度特性,构造出基于有效涡量的三维von Karman混合长度。湍流模型采用仅依赖湍动能k的单方程KDO(Kinetic Dependent Only)模型,引入新构造的混合长度替换旧尺度得到CKDO模型。为了验证其描述可压缩自由剪切湍流的能力,选择无壁面束缚、密度梯度大和可压缩效应强的自由剪切混合层为算例,其对流马赫数Ma_c=0.8。计算结果表明,KDO模型对混合层的速度分布有着良好的控制和模拟,而经可压缩修正后的CKDO模型与原模型及其他可压缩修正模型相比,所计算的速度分布、主雷诺剪切力和混合层厚度与试验结果更加接近,说明了该混合长度对可压缩混合层这种自由剪切湍流有着良好的刻画能力。     

On developing data-driven turbulence model for DG solution of RANS

High-order Discontinuous Galerkin(DG) methods have been receiving more and more attentions in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) because of their high-accuracy property. However, it is still a challenge to obtain converged solution rapidly when solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations since the turbulence models significantly increase the nonlinearity of discretization system. The overall goal of this research is to develop an Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs) model with low complexity acting as an algebraic turbulence model to estimate the turbulence eddy viscosity for RANS. The ANN turbulence model is off-line trained using the training data generated by the widely used Spalart–Allmaras(SA) turbulence model before the Optimal Brain Surgeon(OBS) is employed to determine the relevancy of input features.Using the selected relevant features, a fully connected ANN model is constructed. The performance of the developed ANN model is numerically tested in the framework of DG for RANS, where the‘‘DG+ANN" method provides robust and steady convergence compared to the ‘‘DG+SA" method. The results demonstrate the promising potential to develop a general turbulence model based on artificial intelligence in the future given the training data covering a large rang of flow conditions.     

A DISSIPATION-DISPERSION TURBULENCE THEORY AND ITS MODIFIED k-ε MODEL

Based on the perturbation equation of the Navier-Stokes equation and the instability analysis of strongly nonlinear flow. a set of new control equations is presented featuring the interaction between dissipation and dispersion of turbulence. Three extra terms repr(?)nting respectiveiy the effects of extra strains, rotation and dispersion on the turbulent stresses introduced into the momentum equation. The defects of the original k-(?) model are removed mainly by introducing new (?) terms. This modified k-(?) model has advantages of simplicity, self-consistency and clarity of physics It is abie to handle complex flows and provides new perspectives for looking at a diversity of turbulence problems, such as inter(?)ttency, coberent structure,anisotropy, turbulent energy inversion and the cut-off of turbulence spectra.