Revolutionary ideas in test

This paper summarizes AUTOTESTCON 2001, focussing on the automatic test industry and their military/aerospace customers. Topics covered include: the state of the test industry; a history of ATE; fiber optic sensing and control technology for military aviation; thermal imaging for fault location; sensor fusion in diagnostics/prognostics; AI-based test solutions; and prognostic monitoring techniques     

面向遥感应用的图像融合的原理和方法

信息融合技术可以综合利用多源信息 ,从而获得对同一事物或目标的更客观、更本质认识。由于遥感是目前为止能够提供全球范围的动态观测数据的唯一手段 ,遥感图像信息融合对于航空、航天、军事侦察、灾害预报等很多军事及民用的领域至关重要。本文给出了面向遥感应用的图像信息融合的原理和过程 ,然后综合分析了不同方法的特点。进而在指出其存在的问题的同时 ,还对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。相信本文的工作 ,将为促进相关领域的研究和发展有一定借鉴作用。     

An autonomous celestial navigation method for LEO satellite based on unscented Kalman filter and information fusion

A reliable and secure navigation system and assured autonomous capability of satellite are in high demand in case of emergencies in space. Celestial navigation is a fully autonomous navigation method for satellite. To near earth satellite, the earth direction is the most important measurement and the horizon sensing accuracy is the most important factor which effects celestial navigation accuracy. According to the mode of acquiring horizon measurement, satellite celestial navigation methods can be broadly classified into two approaches: directly sensing horizon using earth sensor and indirectly sensing horizon by observation of starlight atmospheric refraction. For these two methods are complementary to each other, a new Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) based information fusion method is proposed here for hybriding them. Compared to the traditional celestial navigation method, this method can provide better navigation performance and higher reliability. The hardware-in-loop test results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this method, in most cases the accuracy is sufficient for near earth civilian satellite and moreover it can be used as a backup system to provide redundancy.     

数据融合技术的军事应用

随着战术和战略问题的复杂性化，数据融合技术已经广泛地应用于军事。本文主要介绍了传感器信息获取，以及军用数据融合-决策支持的体系结构。     

Smart Sensor Web: Web-based exploitation of sensor fusion forvisualization of the tactical battlefield

Smart Sensor Web (SSW) is a recent DUSD (S&T) initiative inspired by extraordinary technological advances in sensors and microelectronics and by the emergence of the Internet as a real time communication tool. The overall vision for SSW is an intelligent, Web-centric distribution and fusion of sensor information that provides greatly enhanced situational awareness, on demand, to warfighters at lower echelons. Emphasis is on multi-sensor fusion of large arrays of local sensors, joined with other assets, to provide real-time imagery, weather, targeting information, mission planning, and simulations for military operations on land, sea, and air. This paper gives an overview of this new initiative, highlights some of the technology challenges in sensor/information Fusion, and presents a program approach for near-term demonstrations and long-term solutions, involving the DoD, National Labs, commercial industry, and academia     

雷达和红外成像双传感器信息融合目标识别研究

提出了一种利用目标的雷达和红外成像２种独立的传感器信息的互补性来构造特征向量的信息融合方法——联合向量空间法,并用对应的自适应信息融合系统进行目标识别。仿真证实比用单传感器的效果明显优越,从而说明了本文方法的有效性。     

Smart sensor Web: tactical battlefield visualization using sensor fusion

Smart sensor Web (SSW) is a recent DUSD (S&T) initiative inspired by extraordinary technological advances in sensors and microelectronics and by the emergence of the Internet as a real-time communication tool. The overall vision for SSW is an intelligent, Web-centric distribution and fusion of sensor information that provides greatly enhanced situational awareness, on demand, to warfighters at lower echelons. Emphasis is on multi-sensor fusion of large arrays of local sensors, joined with other assets, to provide real-time imagery, weather, targeting information, mission planning, and simulations for military operations on land, sea, and air. This paper gives an overview of this new initiative, highlights some of the technology challenges in sensor/information fusion, and presents a program approach for near-term demonstrations and long-term solutions, involving the DoD, National Labs, commercial industry, and academia.     

一种分布式异步航迹融合算法

在多被动传感器目标跟踪中,融合中心处理的信息一般是同步的,然而实际情况并非如此。另外,一些被动传感器只能得到目标的方位信息,无法单独形成有效航迹,这就需要将各传感器数据同步到相同时刻,然后应用同步融合算法。针对被动传感器探测系统,采用传感器到传感器融合和系统到传感器融合的分布式融合结构,并对各局部传感器引入全局反馈,对相关信息采用协方差交叉算法进行处理,完成被动传感器异步数据的融合,仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的融合效果。     

Reacting to new air defence threats: a netcentric approach to the Hungarian air defence system augmented by VHF radars

Different types of distributed radar systems and data fusion centers are increasingly used by surface-based air defense systems. Besides the well-established airborne threats, new platforms for air surveillance and attacking devices have appeared and recognized air picture (RAP) production needs to be revised and modified following the events of September 11, 2001. From a military operational and logistic support point of view, it is well-known that not only the long range radars currently in operation, but also the recently procured radars, degrade in performance rapidly and their maintenance costs are high. Using the possibilities offered by emerging technical developments, the problem is to upgrade sensors and existing infrastructure in a way that exploits the information gathered optimally. It is the opinion of this author that one of the most promising approaches to emphasis net-centricity is the use of radar-triangle netcentric structures augmented by netted VHF radars to solve these tasks in a cost-effective manner. This work introduces an analysis of a solution that fully integrates newly required capabilities into the current long range radar net and infrastructure, keeping research and development (R&D) and maintenance at a low cost.     

采用局部约束线性编码的像素级舰船目标图像融合

为了提升视觉信息在低能见度条件下的适用性,提出了一种采用局部约束线性编码的像素级舰船目标图像融合方法。首先,采用K均值奇异值分解算法从海量的训练样本中完成过完备字典的学习。其次,在考虑着舰导引实时性任务需求的前提下,采用局部约束线性编码完成融合系数的非迭代求解,相较于压缩感知理论架构下的匹配追踪算法,极大地降低了计算复杂度。此外,设计了一种基于融合系数最大绝对值的融合规则,并根据过完备字典和融合后的局部约束线性系数实现融合图像的重建。最后,利用圆周滤波器提取舰船图像的候选区域。大量试验结果表明,在融合图像质量方面,所提方法在保留高频细节的同时将图像中的舰船目标有效增强了,MI、Q_w、Q^AB/F等客观评价指标优于同类算法;在实时性方面,所提算法的计算速度相比于采用匹配追踪算法的图像融合方案有明显提升。     

基于因子图的卫星拒止环境下的多信息融合技术

目前，几乎所有军用和民用系统都依靠基于卫星的组合导航系统来获取导航定位信息。但卫星信号在都市、室内、地下等环境中容易受到干扰，使得导航结果精度降低。为了解决在卫星拒止环境下的导航定位问题，选用基于因子图的信息融合算法，来实现不同采集频率的导航数据信息的融合。实地跑车试验表明，该方法能在卫星信号失效情况下，实现多传感器信息快速有效融合，确保系统导航精度，提升卫星拒止环境下载体导航定位能力。     

综合导航系统信息融合模拟仿真平台设计CSCD

为解决综导系统的信息融合问题,设计了一种新型的综导系统信息融合模拟仿真研究平台。平台包括综导信息融合模拟评估导调台、惯性类导航设备模拟器、非惯性类导航设备模拟器、综合导航模拟器、电子海图系统和数据分析服务器六大模块。导调台采取一种新的船舶运动参数发生器模拟生成多种海况条件下船舶运动参数;综合导航模拟器采取多种融合算法并行运行方式,以方便比较不同算法的性能;数据分析服务器采用高性能计算机模拟公共计算环境,可研究适应未来船舶软硬件计算资源的信息融合方法。系统测试表明,基于平台的导航信息融合流程和效果满足要求,所设计的平台系统功能正常,可直接用于舰船信息融合算法的设计、分析、测试评估等工程研发工作。     

多平台信息融合与智能化传感器管理技术综述

多平台信息融合与智能化多传感器管理是多平台协同作战能力和网络中心战的关键技术之一。本文主要介绍了多平台信息融合与智能化传感器管理技术的概念、军事需求及发展趋势;阐述了多平台信息融合与智能化多传感器管理系统的体系结构、功能性能要求及所涉及的关键技术。     

遥感图像的亚像素配准技术研究

高分辨遥感技术在军民领域应用广泛,图像配准技术是高分辨遥感图像的预处理技术。实际的机载和星载遥感成像仪,由于自身成像原理和成像仪平台抖动原因,出现了遥感图像亚像素偏移误差。对亚像素图像配准技术进行系统研究,对高精度亚像素配准算法进行研究分析,并对其算法进行仿真、处理,对仿真的结果进行系统分析,通过误差分析提出配准误差修正算法,修正算法对亚像素配准进行了很好的改进,达到遥感图像预处理的目的。     

Satellite group autonomous operation mechanism and planning algorithm for marine target surveillance

In terms of fast response problem of unanticipated marine target, it is necessary to design the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and planning algorithm for autonomous task planning. Firstly, based on the autonomous operation and task planning of remote sensing satellite group, it is divided into two parts: ground planning and satellite autonomous planning. Secondly,the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and operation flow for task planning are proposed after fully considering the resource characteristics and task demand characteristics of the ground and satellite. The satellite autonomous task planning algorithm based on extended contract net is designed. Through the simulation operation of the self-developed distributed simulation demonstration software, it shows that the operation mechanism can coordinate and cooperate effectively between the satellite autonomous task planning and ground planning. It can give full play to the advantages of the ground computing resources, reflect the control intention, make full use of the real-time feature and flexibility of the satellite calculation, and respond fast to the unanticipated task. Besides, it has solved problems of the untimely response of ground control on unanticipated observation task, the limitation of satellite computing resources and satellite-ground planning and coordination, which can effectively improve the responsiveness of remote sensing satellite to the observation task of maritime unanticipated target.     

基于条件随机场的遥感图像语义标注

遥感图像包含的信息丰富,纹理复杂,而遥感图像语义标注又为后续的目标识别、检测、场景分析及高层语义的提取提供了重要信息和线索,这使其成为遥感图像理解领域中一个关键且极具挑战性的任务。首先针对遥感图像语义标注问题,提出采用条件随机场(CRF)框架对遥感图像的底层特征和上下文信息建模的方法,将Texton纹理特征与CRF中的自相关势能结合来捕捉遥感图像中的纹理信息及其上下文分布,采用组合Boosting算法进行Texton纹理特征选择和参数学习;然后将Lab空间中的颜色信息与CRF中的互相关势能结合来描述颜色上下文;最后用Graph Cut算法对CRF进行推导求解,得到图像自动语义标注结果。同时,建立了可见光遥感图像数据库Google-4,并对全部图像进行了人工标注。Google-4上的实验结果表明:采用CRF框架与Texton纹理特征和颜色特征相结合对遥感图像建模的方法与基于支持向量机(SVM)的方法相比较,能够取得更准确的语义标注结果。     

基于GIS的军事通信网络传输资源信息管理系统

依据工作中的实践和经验,结合现代技术的发展和成果,在信息系统分析与设计的基础上引入GIS技术,分析了管理信息系统与地理信息系统结合的优势,提出并设计了基于地理信息系统的军事通信网络传榆资源信息管理系统,对具有空间属性特征信息管理系统的设计和开发具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。     

信息融合在空战中的应用

主要讨论航空电子系统中的信息融合及在空战中的应用,介绍了信息融合的结构和一般方法,在综合应用场合,信息融合通常先进行同类信息融合,再进行不同类信息融合,在现代空战的应用中,信息融合可帮助分析,处理和综合各类信息源信息及人类专家知识,并结合空战中信息融合应用实例,讨论基于Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波,模糊逻辑和专家诉信息融合的设计及实现。     

Optimal Decision Fusion in Multiple Sensor Systems

The problem of optimal data fusion in the sense of the Neyman-pearson (N-P) test in a centralized fusion center is considered. The fusion center receives data from various distributed sensors. Each sensor implements a N-P test individually and independently of the other sensors. Due to limitations in channel capacity, the sensors transmit their decision instead of raw data. In addition to their decisions, the sensors may transmit one or more bits of quality information. The optimal, in the N-P sense, decision scheme at the fusion center is derived and it is seen that an improvement in the performance of the system beyond that of the most reliable sensor is feasible, even without quality information, for a system of three or more sensors. If quality information bits are also available at the fusion center, the performance of the distributed decision scheme is comparable to that of the centralized N-P test. Several examples are provided and an algorithm for adjusting the threshold level at the fusion center is provided.     

Data fusion for ground moving target tracking

The aim of ground surveillance is the large scale, continuous and near real time determination of a dynamical ground picture. This task comprises detection and tracking of moving single targets and convoys, mobile weapon systems, and military equipment. The sensors of choice are airborne Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar and synthetic aperture radar (SAR). As ground target tracking often suffers from dense target situations, high clutter, and low visibility, the integration and fusion of external background information is essential for providing precise and continuous tracks. We present Multi Hypotheses techniques for tracking several targets in complex ground situations with clutter. Methods to incorporate topographic information, in particular digital road maps, are described and demonstrated.