空间太阳物理学科发展战略研究

太阳物理学是研究太阳上发生的物理过程及其对行星际空间环境影响的学科。太阳是人类唯一可以进行细致探测的恒星，也是天然的多尺度过程并存的等离子体实验室，同时，太阳活动直接影响日地空间环境和人类地球家园的宜居性，剧烈的太阳活动如耀斑和日冕物质抛射还会影响人类的航天航空、通信导航、电网等高技术活动与设施。因此对太阳物理的研究不仅是理解浩瀚宇宙的基石，也是理解日地联系和行星宜居性的基础，同时还是国家在航天和空间安全领域的战略需求。21世纪以来，随着卫星探测技术发展，太阳物理学进入了全新的发展阶段。本文梳理了近年来太阳物理学在空间探测中的发展态势，凝练中国太阳物理学未来空间探测发展的重点领域，优化学科布局，推进太阳物理的高质量发展。     

空间物理学最新进展与展望

空间物理学是人类进入空间时代后迅速发展的一门新兴交叉学科，特别是进入新世纪后国内外都取得了辉煌的成就.本文简要介绍空间物理领域近年来取得的重要进展、重要成果、国内外发展趋势，以及未来发展的重点方向.      

帕克:解开太阳的千古谜题

正好奇的本性驱使着人类不断用新的技术探索未知的领域。自人类能够发射航天器以来,空间科学这门学科也随之诞生。卫星飞到哪儿,空间物理就将它的研究领域延伸到哪里。2018年8月12日发射的帕克太阳探测器,将会前所未有地靠近太阳,探究日冕与太阳风的秘密,解开困扰空间物理学家和     

欧美发射太阳轨道探测器推动抵近太阳观测

在历时20余年的立项和研制进程后，2020年2月10日由欧空局（ESA）主导、美国参加的太阳轨道探测器任务在美国发射升空，这是人类首个对太阳极区成像的空间太阳物理任务。太阳轨道探测器将用约3年时间在水星轨道以内的大椭圆日心轨道开展近距离太阳观测，用7年（包括3年延寿期）时间在黄道面外开展太阳极区高分辨率成像及探测。该任务有望进一步揭示太阳磁场，太阳活动爆发，太阳风起源、加速及其行星际传播和对地球空间天气的驱动等重要前沿问题的本质，加深对太阳活动周以及日地联系的理解。该任务启示中国空间科学要重视太阳深空观测任务的前瞻布局与立项实施。      

NASA成功发射PSP探测器

正2018年8月12日,NASA成功发射帕克太阳探测器(PSP)。PSP主要科学目标是跟踪太阳日冕中的能量和热量流动,探究太阳风和太阳高能粒子加速的原因。PSP将成为首个飞入日冕的探测器,其采用原位测量与成像技术相结合的方式,有助于增进对太阳风起源和演化的理解,并提升预测影响地球生命和技术的空间环境的能力。PSP将以当前最接近太阳     

太阳风与空间天气

正太阳每天东升西落,为地球上的人们带来了赖以生存的光和热。而在太空之中,太阳也以另一种方式影响着我们的地球。一种被称作"太阳风"的高速等离子体流时刻从太阳上涌出,并向太阳系的深处奔去。当它到达地球附近时,会与地球的磁场发生作用。强烈的太阳风暴会引起地球磁场的剧烈变化,诱发地磁暴的产生。在人类活动尚不依赖高技术系统的时代,地磁暴除了会让更多地方的人们有机会一睹美丽的极光外,并不会造成严重的后果。而现如今,严重的太阳风     

新兴的交叉科学——空间天气学

通过长期的实践和研究,人们越来越深刻地认识到,太阳活动变化对空间的天气影响巨大,并经常对人类社会尤其是运行中的航天器造成威胁。所以,目前对空间天气的研究正日益受到重视。从2010年起,太阳活动进入第24个峰年,因此在2010-2014年期间,是探测和研究太阳高能粒子事件、日冕物质抛射和太阳风,及它们对空间环境影响的最佳时期。我国也很重视对空间天气预报的研究。2010年7月27日-8月2日,中国地球物理学会空间天气学委员会在上海召开了第七次全国空间天气学研讨会。此次学术研讨会的规模是历次会议最大的,与会代表240多人,共提交论文近200篇,这反映出我国空间天气学事业正呈现蓬勃发展的局面。     

双星照环宇

天气,对于人类来说是很重要的一件事。刮风、下雨、冰雹、飓风,这些耳熟能详的名词,代表了人们几千年来对天气的认识,也使人们认识到了大自然的无穷威力。观天,成为人们日常生活的一部分,也是人类赖以生存的的手段。其实,地球只是太阳系大家族中的小弟弟,她的能量来自于太阳的照耀。太阳的一举一动,对于地球来说显得尤为重要。太阳一感冒,地球就会打喷嚏。因此,了解太阳对地球的作用机理,是科学家们迫切需要解决的问题。科学探测的背景地球主要是由固体物质组成的,有一个强度适宜的地磁场,它透过大气层,延伸到地球以外很远的地方。太阳风是…     

空间太阳观测科学任务国际合作典型案例分析

<正>1引言人类对于太阳的思考和探索从未停止过。迄今，人们已利用科学卫星实现了包括X射线、紫外线等在内的全波段、全时域、高时空分辨率的太阳观测，发现了太阳活动驱动的空间天气，对太阳的研究亦拓展至受太阳和太阳风影响的日球层全域。2021年10月14日，我国太阳Hα光谱探测与双超平台科学技术试验卫星（CHASE）“羲和号”发射升空；2022年10月9日，     

“旅行者”飞出太阳系了吗？

2013年北京时间9月13日凌晨，美国航空航天局（NASA）在官网宣布：美国旅行者-1（Voyager 1）正式成为第一个进入星际空间的人造物体。“旅行者”项目首席科学家斯通（Stone）说，“旅行者-1已经离开太阳风层，在宇宙海洋各恒星间遨游。”这个飞行了36年的空间探测器目前距离太阳大约为1.9×1010km（截至2013年9月9日，约126个天文单位，1个天文单位为太阳与地球的平均距离，约1.5×108km）。其实，新的数据显示，旅行者-1已于2012年就进入了星际空间。虽然它仍受太阳引力等影响，但美国权威专家认为进入星际空间是历史性飞跃，其意义堪比麦哲伦第一次环球航行或阿姆斯特朗首次载人登月。     

Science Research and Utilization Planning of China's Space Station in Operation Period 2022-2032

The core module of China's Space Station (CSS) is scheduled to be launched around the end of 2020, and the experimental module I and II will be launched in the next two years. After on-orbit constructions, CSS will be transferred into an operation period over 10 years (2022-2032 and beyond) to continuously implement space science missions. At present, based on the project selection and research work in the ground development period of CSS, China is systematically making a utilization mission planning for the operation period, which focuses on the fields of aerospace medicine and human research, space life science and biotechnology, microgravity fluid physics, combustion science, materials science, fundamental physics, space astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science, space physics and space environment, space application technology, etc. In combination with the latest development trend of space science and technology, China will continue to update planning for science research and technology development, carry out project cultivation, payload R&D, and upgrade onboard and ground experiment supporting systems to achieve greater comprehensive benefits in science, technology, economy, and society.      

Research Progress of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2010-2012

The scientific objective of solar corona and interplanetary research is the understanding of the various phenomena related to solar activities and their effects on the space environments of the Earth. Great progress has been made in the study of solar corona and interplanetary physics by the Chinese space physics community during the past years. This paper will give a brief report about the latest progress of the corona and interplanetary research in China during the years of 2010?2012. The paper can be divided into the following parts: solar corona and solar wind, CMEICME, magnetic reconnection, energetic particles, space plasma, space weather numerical modeling by 3D SIP-CESE MHD model, space weather prediction methods, and proposed missions. They constitute the abundant content of study for the complicated phenomena that originate from the solar corona, propagate in interplanetary space, and produce geomagnetic disturbances. All these progresses are acquired by the Chinese space physicists, either independently or through international collaborations.      

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

Progress of Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

The Strategic Priority Program on Space Science in 2011-2017 (hereafter referred to as SPP I), which officially went ahead in 2011, marks that a new chapter of Chinese space endeavor has been opened. The 4 satellites, Wukong/DAMPE, SJ-10, Mozi/QUESS and Insight/HXMT, has been achieving promising scientific results since their launch, e.g., Wukong directly detected a break in the teraelectronvolt cosmic-ray spectrum of electrons and positrons. To enable the sustainable development of China's space science endeavor, the Strategic Priority Program Ⅱ on Space Science (hereafter referred to as SPP Ⅱ) was officially approved in late 2017. SPP Ⅱ includes 4 satellites-EP, ASO-S, SMILE and GECAM, Intensive Study of Future Space Science Missions, Advanced Research of Space Science Missions and Payloads, Space Science Mission Concept Research, and Data Analysis Research. Dedicated to exploring the unknown, the program is aiming to address scientific questions such as the origin and evolution of the universe and life, search for extraterrestrial life, and the impact of the Sun and the solar system on Earth and human development. Chinese space science community is committed to contributing to the progress of human civilization.      

Progress of Strategic Priority Program on Space Science

The most important all-round progress in China's Space Science in recent years is the official go-ahead of Strategic Priority Program(SPP) on Space Science in 2011,which marks China's space science has entered a new stage.SPP on Space Science includes 4 satellites(DAMPE,SJ-10,QUESS and HXMT),the Intensive Study of Future Space Science Missions,and the Advanced Research of Space Science Missions and Payloads.It is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be achieved,and the great leaps of related high-technology will be driven through both independent space science missions and international cooperation.The implementation of the SPP on Space Science will enable the rapid development of China's space science endeavor,and contribute to the progress of human civilization.     

Progress of Strategic Priority Program on Space Scienceormalsize

The most important all-round progress in China's Space Science in recent years is the official go-ahead of Strategic Priority Program (SPP) on Space Science in 2011, which marks China's space science has entered a new stage. SPP on Space Science includes 4 satellites (DAMPE, SJ-10, QUESS and HXMT), the Intensive Study of Future Space Science Missions, and the Advanced Research of Space Science Missions and Payloads. It is expected that the innovative breakthroughs will be achieved, and the great leaps of related high-technology will be driven through both independent space science missions and international cooperation. The implementation of the SPP on Space Science will enable the rapid development of China's space science endeavor, and contribute to the progress of human civilization.      

Advance of interplanetary physics study in China: 2008—2010

Interplanetary physics study is an important ingredient in space weather research. Considerable progress this aspect has been achieved by the space physics community of China in recent years. This brief report summarizes the latest advances of the interplanetary physics research in China during the period of 2008--2010. This report includes solar corona and solar wind, interplanetary transients, energetic particles, MHD simulation, space plasma, and prediction methods for physical phenomena originating from both solar corona and interplanetary space.      

Space Weather Service for Chinese Space Science Satellites

Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science has gained remarkable achievements. Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) affiliated with the National Space Science Center (NSSC) has been providing space weather services and helps secure space missions. Presently, SEPC is capable to offer a variety of space weather services covering many phases of space science missions including planning, design, launch, and orbital operation. The service packages consist of space weather forecasts, warnings, and effect analysis that can be utilized to avoid potential space weather hazard or reduce the damage caused by space storms, space radiation exposure for example. Extensive solar storms that occurred over Chinese Ghost Festival (CGF) in September 2017 led to a large enhancement of the solar energetic particle flux at 1 AU, which affected the near Earth radiation environment and brought great threat to orbiting satellites. Based on the space weather service by SEPC, satellite ground support groups collaborating with the space Tracking, Telemetering and Command system (TT&C) team were able to take immediate measures to react to the CGF solar storm event.      

基于深度学习的太阳黑子Wilson山磁类型识别方法

太阳黑子是太阳光球层中带有较强磁场的区域,通常是太阳爆发活动的源区。Wilson山磁分类是当前最为主流的太阳黑子分类方法之一,对研究太阳爆发有重要意义。利用2010－2017年间SDO/HMI成像仪观测到的720s_SHARP磁图和白光图数据,研究使用深度学习对太阳黑子群Wilson山磁分类的方法。实验结果表明,Xception网络在识别太阳黑子Wilson山磁类型上能取得最优的效果,其中对α类型黑子的F₁得分为96.50%,β类为93.20%,其他类型的黑子为84.65%。