大范围轨道机动的燃料消耗优化方法

针对航天器大范围轨道交会提出了二冲量燃料最省机动方案的数值寻优算法及多冲量机动方案的啸声境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确小生境遗传算法.利用共面圆\椭圆轨道间的转移实例对两种算法正确性进行了验证,通过仿真实验,比较了大范围交会轨道机动中不同冲量次数对总燃料消耗的影响,分析得出了非共面轨道交会机动时燃料最省的指导性方案.     

高轨卫星远程抵近轨道优化研究

针对高轨远程转移抵近的机动策略优化问题,使用Pork-chop速度增量等高线图对时间约束内单脉冲Lambert转移进行分析.而后建立多脉冲转移抵近的数学模型,以燃料最省为优化目标,使用差分进化算法(DE)搜寻全局最优解.通过仿真验证在不同脉冲次数、不同时间约束情形下的轨道抵近计算,得出三脉冲转移抵近相对较优的结论.     

GEO混合推力机动目标跟踪IMM算法

针对交互多模型(IMM)算法求解地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星混合推力机动目标跟踪问题时模型匹配难、模型转移概率近似平均和响应速度慢的问题，从交互模型集构建和模型转移概率自适应设计两个方面出发提出一种改进IMM算法。该方法通过考虑无机动、脉冲机动和有限推力机动三种模式，构建了覆盖目标机动状态的交互模型集，提高了模型与机动目标实际运行状态的匹配度；采用一种基于加速度估计自适应修正的模型交互概率修正方法，提升了算法对目标机动状态的响应速度和跟踪精度。仿真结果表明，所提算法是解决混合推力模式下的GEO机动目标跟踪问题的有效手段，在收敛速度和收敛精度等方面与传统方法相比有较大提高。     

在轨目标逼近远程导引律设计

利用最优多脉冲方法,对目标航天器逼近过程的远程导引段轨道进行设计.基于Lawden主矢量理论,解决固定时间、燃料最省的逼近轨道问题.通过仿真分析了固定初始条件时燃料消耗量随着转移时间的变化关系.对于燃料和时间均有约束的情况,给出了求解燃料最省和时间最小的多目标优化问题的方法.这一研究对于评估具体任务的燃料消耗和转移时间有重要意义.     

远程导引变轨方案修正算法

为在实际摄动条件下由远程导引变轨方案初始设计结果实现追踪航天器与目标航天器的交会,提出了一种修正变轨方案。将初始多脉冲式变轨方案转换为有限推力式并作修正,取远程导引结束时刻追踪与目标航天器间的相对轨道要素为目标函数,采用J2,J3,J4解析轨道预报器对目标函数计算需要的轨道进行预报,以历次变轨开始时刻、结束时刻和推力方向为优化变量,用边界约束有限存储BFGS(L-BFGS-B)优化算法获得的最优解为修正后的变轨方案,可消除摄动模型误差。算例结果表明,经转换和修正所得有限推力式变轨方案能在实际摄动条件下实现追踪航天器与目标航天器的交会。     

基于伪谱同伦算法的编队飞行任务设计研究

针对编队飞行中多个从星飞行任务设计问题,研究了用伪谱同伦算法对其进行优化的方法,以获得小推力时的最省燃料转移轨道。将无推力的转移轨道作为初始轨道,用伪谱法对其进行优化,使其转移轨道能量最优,所得轨道可作为初值,解决了同伦算法对初值敏感的问题。再用同伦算法进行优化,降低了间接法求解最优控制问题的难度,得到最省燃料轨道,解决了求解Bang-Bang控制产生的不光滑性。对运行于高度400km近地圆轨道上3颗完全相同的从星算例进行了求解,构建轨道跟飞/领飞构型的最省燃料轨道。结果表明:伪谱同伦算法能较大幅度节省燃料,对求解编队飞行从星转移轨道设计可行且有效。     

用进化算法求解轨道转移的时间-能量优化问题

随着航天任务需求的多样化，对航天器轨道转移问题不但提出了最省燃料的要求，而且提出了最小时间的要求，这篇文章用进化算法解决了这一组合优化问题，仿真结果证明了算法的有效性。     

连续推力机动轨道优化设计的贝塞尔曲线法

提出一种基于贝塞尔曲线的平面机动轨道设计方法。该方法将贝塞尔曲线方程与轨道形状方程相结合，利用得到的复合函数作为轨道方程来对机动轨道进行数学描述；通过约束条件获得可行的机动轨道族，由控制点设计给出具体的优化变量，将累积速度增量作为优化指标函数；并利用优化算法完成参数优化，从而得到最优机动轨道。最后针对设计的机动轨道推力峰值较大的问题，进一步提出了分段贝塞尔曲线法，在降低推力峰值的同时，可进一步降低燃料消耗，并在平面机动转移轨道设计的基础上，通过梯度下降对自由控制点进行修正，解决了考虑时间约束的平面轨道交会问题。     

采用二次修正的立方星拦截仿真研究

针对空间攻防背景下立方星拦截问题，提出了一种Lambert求解与C-W方程结合的以燃料-时间为约束的拦截轨道快速设计方法。该方法首先在Lambert求解框架下，以燃料和拦截时间为限，建立了立方星转移时间与速度增量的模型，生成了初始拦截轨道；随后根据末端拦截精度需求，通过C-W方程进行末段导引，施加二次脉冲，对拦截轨道末端进行误差修正，使得最终误差可以满足任务要求。最后通过GMAT构建的轨道力学环境，在Matlab算法驱动下进行联合仿真验证，分析表明该算法在燃料和时间的共同约束下可获得一条优化轨道，并能兼顾末端拦截精度，具有工程借鉴意义。     

地月空间NRHO与DRO在月球探测中的应用研究

针对地月系统三体问题低能往返轨道转移在月球探测中的应用研究，结合天体借力飞行技术与混合优化技术，系统分析了不同目标轨道与借力方位对任务飞行时间与燃料消耗等关键参数的影响，给出了往返轨道设计初值的选择策略。针对轨道设计初值猜想问题，首先采用遗传算法与二体Lambert转移快速确定轨迹拼接点初值。在同时考虑近月点与近地点多约束条件下，基于序列二次规划算法与多重打靶法进一步对燃料最优的地月往返轨道进行研究，并推导了约束方程解析梯度提高设计效率。最后分析近月点高度、不同目标轨道的转移时间与燃耗变化特性，对于考虑月球借力的地月空间轨道往返转移设计及参数选取具有重要的参考价值。     

面向GEO目标的快速在线在轨服务任务规划

针对地球同步轨道多对多在轨服务任务规划问题,提出了一种基于拍卖算法和先验知识的改进启发式拍卖算法(IHAA)。首先,建立了基于Lambert变轨的任务规划问题表征,设计了给定变轨时长约束下的快速燃料最优估计策略。其次,针对考虑J 2摄动影响的航天器在轨服务规划问题,提出了一种基于拍卖算法的快速求解流程。其中,为确定每一轮拍卖算法任务列表,提出了基于变轨先验知识的目标优先级排序启发式策略,实现了快速的服务时序确定方法;此外,为减少因部分航天器服务能力低导致的分配失败情况,设计了一种基于失败任务再分配的重拍机制。最后,将所提算法与遗传算法、模拟退火算法进行了对比,结果表明IHAA可以快速给出相对适应度较高的规划结果,可用于突发事件星上在线自主规划,亦可提供优化算法初值以提升规划效率。     

Analysis and implementation of in-plane stationkeeping of continuously perturbed Walker constellations

The stationkeeping of symmetric Walker constellations is analyzed by considering the perturbations arising from a high order and degree Earth gravity field and the solar radiation pressure. These perturbations act differently on each group of spacecraft flying in a given orbital plane, causing a differential drift effect that would disrupt the initial symmetry of the constellation. The analysis is based on the consideration of a fictitious set of rotating reference frames that move with the spacecraft in the mean sense, but drift at a rate equal to the average drift rate experienced by all the vehicles over an extended period. The frames are also allowed to experience the J₂-precession such that each vehicle is allowed to drift in 3D relative to its frame. A two-impulse rendezvous maneuver is then constructed to bring each vehicle to the center of its frame as soon as a given tolerance deadband is about to be violated. This paper illustrates the computations associated with the stationkeeping of a generic Walker constellation by maneuvering each leading spacecraft within an orbit plane and calculating the associated velocity changes required for controlling the in-plane motions in an exacting sense, at least for the first series of maneuvers. The analysis can be easily extended to lower flying constellations, which experience additional perturbations due to drag.     

Analysis and implementation of in-plane stationkeeping of continuously perturbed Walker constellations

The stationkeeping of symmetric Walker constellations is analyzed by considering the perturbations arising from a high order and degree Earth gravity field and the solar radiation pressure. These perturbations act differently on each group of spacecraft flying in a given orbital plane, causing a differential drift effect that would disrupt the initial symmetry of the constellation. The analysis is based on the consideration of a fictitious set of rotating reference frames that move with the spacecraft in the mean sense, but drift at a rate equal to the average drift rate experienced by all the vehicles over an extended period. The frames are also allowed to experience the $J_2$-precession such that each vehicle is allowed to drift in 3D relative to its frame. A two-impulse rendezvous maneuver is then constructed to bring each vehicle to the center of its frame as soon as a given tolerance deadband is about to be violated. This paper illustrates the computations associated with the stationkeeping of a generic Walker constellation by maneuvering each leading spacecraft within an orbit plane and calculating the associated velocity changes required for controlling the in-plane motions in an exacting sense, at least for the first series of maneuvers. The analysis can be easily extended to lower flying constellations, which experience additional perturbations due to drag.     

Broad-search algorithms for the spacecraft trajectory design of Callisto–Ganymede–Io triple flyby sequences from 2024 to 2040, Part I: Heuristic pruning of the search space

Triple flybys of the Galilean moons of Jupiter can capture a spacecraft into orbit about Jupiter or quickly adjust the Jupiter-centered orbit of an already captured spacecraft. Because Callisto does not participate in the Laplace resonance among Ganymede, Europa, and Io, triple flyby sequences involving gravity-assists of Callisto, Ganymede, and Io occur only aperiodically for limited time windows. An exhaustive search of triple-flyby trajectories over a 16-year period from 2024 to 2040 using “blind” searching would require 8,415,358 Lambert function calls to find only 127,289 possible triple flyby trajectories. Because most of these Lambert function calls would not converge to feasible solutions, it is much more efficient to prune the solution space using a heuristic algorithm and then direct a much smaller number of Lambert function calls to find feasible triple flyby solutions. The novel “Phase Angle Pruning Heuristic” is derived and used to reduce the search space by 99%.     

应用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划

针对应用变速控制力矩陀螺VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的微小卫星，提出了一种姿态机动最优路径规划方法。从冗余金字塔构型VSCMGs系统的姿态机动任务和考虑VSCMGs系统故障失效的姿态机动任务两类问题出发，综合考虑VSCMG在实际工程应用中的各种约束条件(框架角约束、框架角速度约束、转子转速约束和奇异度量约束等)以及充分发挥VSCMG的力矩输出优势，采用Gauss伪谱法规划了相应性能指标最优的姿态机动最优路径。仿真结果表明设计的应用VSCMG的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划算法能够满足提出的约束条件和最优路径规划策略，可以顺利完成航天器姿态机动任务。而且相比于传统的VSCMGs系统操纵律，设计的算法具有更高的实用性和有效性。     

Design and implementation of the flight dynamics system for COMS satellite mission operations

The first Korean multi-mission geostationary Earth orbit satellite, Communications, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) was launched by an Ariane 5 launch vehicle in June 26, 2010. The COMS satellite has three payloads including Ka-band communications, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager, and Meteorological Imager. Although the COMS spacecraft bus is based on the Astrium Eurostar 3000 series, it has only one solar array to the south panel because all of the imaging sensors are located on the north panel. In order to maintain the spacecraft attitude with 5 wheels and 7 thrusters, COMS should perform twice a day wheel off-loading thruster firing operations, which affect on the satellite orbit. COMS flight dynamics system provides the general on-station functions such as orbit determination, orbit prediction, event prediction, station-keeping maneuver planning, station-relocation maneuver planning, and fuel accounting. All orbit related functions in flight dynamics system consider the orbital perturbations due to wheel off-loading operations. There are some specific flight dynamics functions to operate the spacecraft bus such as wheel off-loading management, oscillator updating management, and on-station attitude reacquisition management. In this paper, the design and implementation of the COMS flight dynamics system is presented. An object oriented analysis and design methodology is applied to the flight dynamics system design. Programming language C# within Microsoft .NET framework is used for the implementation of COMS flight dynamics system on Windows based personal computer.     

液体多模态晃动充液航天器姿态机动复合控制

主要研究多模态液体晃动时充液航天器大角度姿态机动动力学与控制问题。采用液体晃动弹簧质量等效力学模型将液体燃料前两阶液体晃动模态纳入到充液航天器耦合动力学模型中;根据动量矩守恒定律推导出充液航天器耦合系统动力学方程。针对充液航天器大角度姿态机动同时抑制燃料晃动的问题,采用自适应动态输出反馈的姿态控制方法并结合基于前馈控制的多模态ZVD输入成型器设计复合控制器。通过数值模拟给出了液体晃动响应及航天器姿态机动的时间历程图,数值仿真结果表明了本文所给出复合控制方法的有效性。     

Mapping orbits with low station keeping costs for constellations of satellites based on the integral over the time of the perturbing forces

The present paper is concerned with the search for orbits that have potential to require low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers for constellations of satellites. The method used to study this problem is based on the integral over the time of the undesired perturbing forces. This integral measures the change of velocity caused by the perturbation forces acting on the satellite, so mapping orbits that are less perturbed, which generates good candidates for orbits that requires low fuel consumption for station-keeping maneuvers. The integral over the time depends only on the orbit of the spacecraft and the dynamical system considered. The type of engine and the control technique applied to the spacecraft are not considered to search for those orbits. It can be a good strategy to be applied for a first mapping of orbits. For this search, it is analyzed the integral of orbits with different values of the Keplerian elements in order to find the best ones with respect to this criterion. The perturbations considered are the ones caused by the third body, which includes the Sun and the Moon, and the J₂ term of the geopotential. The results presented here show numerical simulations to obtain the integral of those perturbing forces for different orbits. The GPS and the Molniya constellations are used as examples for those calculations.     

充液挠性航天器姿态机动控制的多目标优化

针对充液挠性航天器姿态快速机动、快速稳定的控制要求,为减小姿态机动对挠性附件振动和液体晃动的激发,设计了一种基于正弦型加加速度的姿态机动路径规划方法。为进一步提高姿态控制性能,提出了一种基于云多目标粒子群算法的姿态控制器参数和机动路径参数联合优化方法。以最小化充液挠性航天器三轴姿态达到指定指向精度的时间以及三轴姿态稳定度,构建多目标优化模型,并应用云多目标粒子群算法求取姿态控制器参数和机动路径参数的Pareto最优解。仿真结果表明:采用多目标联合优化算法得到的控制器与路径参数,能够有效减小液体晃动和挠性附件振动,显著提高充液挠性航天器大角度姿态机动的快速性和稳定性。