英国国家微波衰减标准的近况

英国已经使用了十来年的最高级微波衰减测量设备现在开始过时了。为了使之更现代化,近来买了两台微波合成信号源。本文叙述用这两个源研制的五套不同的测试系统。(1)0.05—18GHz 并联50KHz 替代系统.用一个感应分压器作为参考标准;(2)低漂移的串联50KHz 替代系统;(3)采用相干检波的串联替代系统,其动态范围达150dB;(4)一个用于自动校准程控衰减器的0.05—18GHz 电压比系统:(5)一个用于精密测量波导壁损耗的非常稳定的微波电桥。     

电磁干扰自动测量系统

电磁干扰自动测量系统可完成产品诊断测量、环境场测量和基于GJB-151/152标准的有关测量。测量频率范围为14kHz～18GHz,幅度测量精度在30MHz频率以下优于±2.85dB。在30MHz～6GHz范围内优于±3.86dB,在6～16GHz频率范围内优于±4.81dB,在16～18GHz范围内优于±5.06dB。     

同心锥形TEM室结构设计及性能研究

针对目前场强探头在实际使用中无法进行宽带场强校准的问题,研制了同心锥形TEM室宽带场强校准系统,该系统可实现200MHz～40GHz频段内(1～200)V/m场强范围的场强探头频率响应、线性响应、场强幅度范围等参数的校准能力,为满足宽频带、大动态的场强校准需求打下良好基础。本文主要介绍同心锥形TEM室的阻抗匹配段和屏蔽门自顶向下的结构设计,并对其电性能进行了实验验证。     

用波纹提取法测量小驻波

本文介绍一种用纹波提取法测量小驻波的方法。这种方法能够在2～18GHz频率范围内测量具有小反射损耗的微波元器件的失配。反射损耗可以测到54dB,从而解决了现代射频系统失配的测试问题。     

转台离心机动态半径测试方法的研究

精确测量离心机动态半径长度是离心机研制工作的关键和难点。根据动态测试理论要求与离心机的实际情况,提出了一种对线加速度模拟转台离心机动态半径进行测量的新方法。该方法选择了两个电容传感器,一个测量径向变化,一个测量轴向变化,组成双通道测量系统。介绍了该系统的数据采集与传输方法,论证了动态测试原理及其实验过程。实验结果证明,该系统对于动态测量范围可达到200μm,动态重复测量误差达到±0.5μm。此法可推广应用到其它类似的动态测试系统中。     

“6～12GHz衰减标准装置”技术鉴定会在京召开

1985年5月21～22日在北京由航天部二院科技委员会主持召开了“6～12GHz衰减标准装置”技术鉴定会。会议认为,该标准装置原理正确,方案先进,误差分析详细,其技术指标达到国际水平,具有准确度高、频段宽、量程大、灵活性强、使用方便等特点,可作为国防科工委系统一级标准使用。经鉴定会测试小组测试,达到的技术指标为:     

基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术研究进展

近年来，采用里德堡原子的微波电场测量技术得到了迅速发展，获得了广泛应用。该电场探测技术是一项全新技术，可以将微波电场通过基本物理常数与频率测量直接关联，具有测量动态范围大、测量灵敏度高和测量不确定度小的特点，有望替代传统溯源路径，直接关联国际单位制（SI）。本文基于里德堡原子相干效应的微波电场测量技术原理，针对国内外微波电场的高准确度、高灵敏度和极化方向测量技术发展现状，和对微波电场测量的工程化光源系统，蒸气室探头的仿真验证实验和集成式蒸气室探头的设计研究等方面的相关进展做了详细介绍。     

太赫兹相位噪声测量技术研究

相位噪声是太赫兹波技术应用中的一项关键技术指标，如何精确测量太赫兹波的相位噪声是太赫兹技术的重要研究方向之一。采用太赫兹下变频技术实现相位噪声测量系统的频率扩展，搭建(110～500)GHz太赫兹相位噪声测量系统，实现对太赫兹频率源相位噪声的测量。实验结果表明，所研制的太赫兹相位噪声测量系统的底部噪声优越，可用于(110～500)GHz频段太赫兹频率源相位噪声的测试，在太赫兹相位噪声的计量测试、标准研制及相关产品转化等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度在线测量系统

锂离子电池极片涂层厚度的实时高精度测量是实现对锂电涂层厚度控制的前提。针对在生产过程中的锂离子电池极片涂层厚度动态、非接触、高精度的测量要求,设计了一种基于非接触式电容传感器进行微位移测量的在线式测量系统。介绍了传感器结构及测量电路基本原理,搭建了适用于锂离子电池极片涂层厚度测量的硬件系统,开发了可用于数据采集、线性校正、数据记录的基于虚拟仪器技术的测试系统。经测试,该传感器的分辨力为0.1μm,现场长期运行证明该系统满足生产的测量要求。     

基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征

针对当前高速光电探测器频率响应测试的问题,提出了基于双驱调制的高速光电探测器频响自校准表征方法。该方法通过设置双驱调制频率为近似相等关系克服了电-光响应器件不平坦响应的额外校准,实现了光电探测器频率响应的自校准表征。同时,通过采用双驱调制频率的和频与差频拍频边带的相对功率来获得光电探测器的频率响应,摆脱了双驱马赫-曾德尔调制器偏置漂移的影响并扩展了两倍以上的测试带宽。相比于全光激励法,提高了测量精度与动态范围;与传统电光激励法相比,克服了强度调制器偏置漂移的影响和额外校准的难题;优于先前的双音调制法,简化了测试系统和降低了测量成本。光电探测器频率响应的实验测量结果与强度噪声法测量结果以及与该光电探测器出厂数据的一致性验证了该方法的正确性。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.