保护轴承系统中弹性环不同安装位置对转子跌落后动力学响应的影响

针对磁悬浮轴承系统中通常需要一套保护轴承作为磁悬浮轴承失效后转子的临时支撑,转子跌落后将产生的巨大冲击和振动这一问题,提出将弹性环分别安装于转子和保护轴承外圈两种不同位置来缓冲转子跌落所带来的冲击和振动.针对两种位置建立转子跌落的动力学模型,并对所建立的模型进行数值仿真计算,主要分析对比了安装位置不同对转子跌落后碰撞力、轴心轨迹和保护轴承内圈转速的影响.在理论分析的基础上,进行了相应的试验研究.仿真和试验结果表明:将弹性环安装于转子上更能有效地减小转子跌落后的振动幅度和冲击力.      

叶片轮盘组合体模型的多点激振试验研究

 本文介绍了利用我院研制的电涡流激振器在叶轮组合体模型上实现非接触式多点激振的试验研究情况,分析了试验原理,论证了分离纯模态的激振力布点调力调相准则;列出了各模型的试验结果,并对叶片轮盘耦合振动的若干规律作了探讨。文中,还阐明了在复杂结构振动试验中采用多点激振的意义和需要解决的一些问题。     

总压总温组合畸变对压气机稳定性影响的数值模拟研究

本文对不同进口总压、总温组合畸变对压气机稳定性的影响进行了数值研究。计算模型以一维时间相关的气体欧拉方程组为基础,计及了压气机系统加功、气体抽吸和加热过程,并在计算中改进平行压气机理论的进出口假设,对一种双涵道压气机进行了三种周向总温、总压畸变组合形式的计算,给出了组合畸变情况下压气机稳定边界的变化。结果表明,在三种组合方式中,总压、总温畸变区域完全重合时压气机的稳定裕度损失最大,反之最小,部分区域重合时稳定边界介于前两者之间,且同时具有前两种情况的部分特征。      

利用CFD计算技术进行机翼模型气动特性分析

计算流体动力学方法（CFD）已经成为空气动力学领域重要的计算方法。利用该方法进行机翼模型Naca0012的数值模拟,包括计算模型的气动力系数以及气动导数。采用了效果很好的新型网格控制算法,通过自有程序处理流固耦合边界问题以及商用软件的求解器模块进行整体区域的数值计算。在证明了方法的有效性之后,又通过多种振幅奈件下的数值模拟结果,对以往广泛采用的理论方法的有效性进行了探讨,研究了机翼模型气动导数随振幅变化而变化的情况。     

基于神经网络模型的动态非线性气动力辨识方法

 在标准径向基函数（RBF）神经网络模型的基础上发展了带输出反馈的RBF神经网络。将计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算的时域气动载荷作为输入信号,建立跨声速非定常非线性气动力模型,并进一步运用CFD方法验证模型的精度。算例表明带输出反馈的RBF神经网络较标准RBF神经网络精度更高,能更准确描述跨声速激波大幅振荡时的非线性和非定常特性,并可推广用于多自由度运动的动态非线性气动力建模。用多级信号训练,预测简谐信号输入下的气动力算例表明带输出反馈的RBF神经网络能够预测不同振幅、不同频率的信号激励下的非线性气动力。     

Crustal S-Wave Velocity from Apparent Incidence Angles: A Case Study in Preparation for InSight

Retrieval of crustal structure and thickness of Mars is among the main goals of InSight. Here we investigate which constraints on the crust at the landing site can be provided by apparent P-wave incidence angles derived from P-receiver functions. We consider receiver functions for six different Mars models, calculated from synthetic seismograms generated via Instaseis from the Green’s function databases of the Marsquake Service, in detail. To allow for a larger range of crustal thicknesses and structures, we additionally analyze data from five broad-band stations across Central Europe. We find that the likely usable epicentral distance range for P-wave receiver functions on Mars lies between \(35^{\circ}\) and the core shadow, and can be extended to more than \(150^{\circ}\) by also using the PP-phase. Comparison to models for the spatial distribution of Martian seismicity indicates that sufficient seismicity should occur within the P-wave distance range around InSight within the nominal mission duration to allow for the application of our method. Apparent P-wave incidence angles are derived from the amplitudes of vertical and radial receiver functions at the P-wave onset within a range of period bands, up to 120 s. The apparent incidence angles are directly related to apparent S-wave velocities, which are inverted for the subsurface S-wave velocity structure via a grid search. The veracity of the forward calculated receiver functions and apparent S-wave velocities is ensured by benchmarking various algorithms against the Instaseis synthetics. Results indicate that apparent S-wave velocity curves provide valuable constraints on crustal thickness and structure, even without any additional constraints, and considering the location uncertainty and limited data quantity of InSight. S-wave velocities in the upper half of the crust are constrained best, but if reliable measurements at long periods are available, the curves also provide constraints down to the uppermost mantle. Besides, it is demonstrated that the apparent velocity curves can differentiate between crustal velocity models that are indistinguishable by other methods.     

小迎角高超声速非旋转钝锥非线性运动分析

采用分段拟合技术对小迎角高超声速(马赫数Ma=6)非旋转钝锥双平面拍摄风洞自由飞试验结果进行了分析,获得了非旋转钝锥在小迎角高超声速下气动导数非线性的具体形式,分析了非旋转钝锥在小迎角下的非线性运动特点。研究发现在小迎角范围内钝锥的动导数系数均呈现明显的非线性,而静导数系数非线性较弱,可近似为线性。各组试验的静、动导数系数的非线性形式表明,除模型Ⅱ外的其余模型均为两方向振幅不同的极限圆锥运动,模型Ⅱ为极限平面运动。每组试验两个平面的静导数系数在小迎角范围内保持基本相等。而无论出现极限圆锥运动的四组试验还是出现极限平面运动的一组试验,模型在俯仰和偏航两个方向的动导数系数均存在较大差异。     

不同振动形式下的翼型失速特性

通过求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,研究了翼型在强迫振动和自然结构振动下的大迎角流场特性,尤其是失速迎角附近的流场和气动特性.研究结果表明:在接近颤振临界速度情况下结构自然振动可以引起翼型大尺度的分离,导致失速分离涡提前出现;强迫性的沉浮运动和俯仰运动在一定幅度下也可以引起失速性质的大分离,而且沉浮和俯仰振动的频率和振幅都是影响翼型大尺度分离的重要因素.     

翼型尾缘低频大功率合成射流的动态载荷特性研究——B：动态气动载荷特性分析

针对NACA0015翼型,设计了适用于风洞研究的尾缘低频大功率合成射流致动器,对翼型尾缘合成射流作用下的非定常气动特性进行了风洞实验研究。研究表明：尾缘合成射流与横流的相互作用能够有效改变作用在翼型上的气动载荷;单侧喷口喷/吸时,喷冲程气动力系数响应幅值约为吸冲程幅值的3倍;双侧喷口同时工作时,升力和力矩系数的幅值并不是单侧喷口单独工作时喷气幅值的简单叠加,而是处于单侧喷气幅值和喷吸幅值和之间;升力和力矩响应的幅值与喷流动量系数的平方根之间存在近似的线性关系;在动量系数不变时,升力和力矩系数响应的幅值会随减缩频率的增加而减小;给定合成射流器行程,升力和力矩响应幅值与合成射流频率之间近似呈线性关系。     

Mechanism of interconnected synchronized switch damping for vibration control of blades

The Synchronized Switch Damping (SSD) is regarded as a promising alternative to mitigate the vibration of thin-walled structures in aero-engines, especially for blades or bladed disks. The common manner is to shunt the switch circuit independently to a single piezoelectric structure. This paper is aimed at exploring a novel way of using the SSD, i.e., the SSD is interconnected between two piezoelectric structures or substructures. The damping mechanism, performance, and effective range of the interconnected SSD are studied numerically and experimentally. First, based on a dual cantilever beam finite element model, the time domain and frequency domain modeling and solving methods of the interconnected SSD are deduced and validated. Then, the influence of the amplitude and phase relationship on the damping effect of the interconnected SSD is numerically studied and compared with the shunted SSD. A self-sensing SSD control board is developed, and experimental studies are carried out. The results show that the interconnected SSD establishes an additional energy channel between the corresponding piezoelectric structures. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are different, the interconnected SSD balances the vibration level of each beam. When the amplitudes of the two cantilever beams are the same, if the appropriate interconnection manner is selected according to the phase, the resonance peak can be reduced by more than 30%. When the vibration is in-phase/out-of-phase, the damping generated by the interconnected SSD in a cross/parallel manner is even more significant than the shunted SSD. Furthermore, this novel connection scheme reduces the number of SSD circuits in half. Finally, for engineering applications, we implement the proposed damping technology to the finite element model of a typical dummy bladed disk. A piezoelectric damping ratio of 13.7% is achieved when the amount of piezo material is only 10% of blade mass. Compared with traditional friction dampers, the major advancements of the interconnected SSD are: (A) it can reduce the vibration level of blades without friction interface; (B) the space constraint is overcome, i.e., the vibration energy is not necessarily dissipated independently in one sector or through physically adjacent blades, and instead, the dissipation and transfer of vibrational energy can be realized between any blade pair. If a specific gating circuit is adopted to adjust the interconnection manner of the SSD, vibration mitigation under variable working conditions with different engine orders will be expected; (C) designers do not need to worry about the annoying nonlinearities related to working conditions anymore.     

零备件的多点库存单向转运模型与算法

 横向供应管理是提高装备保障效率的有效途径,传统的研究通常假设转运在所有库存站点之间进行,但这种转运结构在很多应用领域都并非是最好的选择。针对该问题,提出了适用于具有不同缺货费用的横向供应策略下的多点库存单向转运模型,运用一种简单有效的启发式算法对模型进行求解,算法的正确性通过仿真进行了验证。数值实例表明单向转运模型能够有效地提高系统的满足率、可用库存量和缺货水平等性能参数,同时反映了所采取的转运措施对库存系统的影响,对于完善备件库存理论具有重要意义,为制定合理的备件优化方案提供决策依据。     

Transonic flutter computations for the NLR 7301 supercritical airfoil

A numerical investigation of the transonic steady-state aerodynamics and of the two-degree-of-freedom bending/torsion flutter characteristics of the NLR 7301 section is carried out using a time-domain method. An unsteady, two-dimensional, compressible, thin-layer Navier–Stokes flow-solver is coupled with a two-degree-of-freedom structural model. Fully turbulent flows are computed with algebraic or one-equation turbulence models. Furthermore, natural transition is modeled with a transition model. Computations of the steady transonic aerodynamic characteristics show good agreement with Schewe's experiment after a simplified accounting for wind-tunnel interference effects is used. The aeroelastic computations predict limit-cycle flutter in agreement with the experiment. The computed flutter frequency agrees closely with the experiment but the computed flutter amplitudes are an order of magnitude larger than the measured ones. This discrepancy is likely due to the omission of the full wind-tunnel interference effects in the computations.     

电机绝缘系统在高频冲击下局部放电试验研究

高频冲击局部放电(PD)测试可以有效的检测电机绝缘系统的绝缘状态。根据传感器的不同,电机绝缘系统在高频冲击下PD测试方法主要有两种:高频电流传感器法和超高频天线法。试验表明:在高频冲击电压下,PD主要发生在冲击的上升沿和下降沿,在同一放电电压下,上升沿和下降沿的PD幅值较大;在风力发电机定子绝缘系统鉴别试验中,随着老化试验的进行,线圈的PD起始电压总体呈下降趋势。通过鉴别试验,可以确定绝缘系统的冲击电压绝缘等级及类型。     

上游叶片尾迹对转子叶片非定常表面压力频谱特性影响的研究

为了研究上游叶片尾迹对轴流压气机转子叶片非定常表面压力的影响,采用在叶片表面埋设微型压力传感器的方法,测量了一个单级低速轴流压气机转子叶片的非定常压力分布。对转子叶片非定常压力分布的分析显示:转子叶片压力面非定常表面压力主要受上游叶片尾迹影响,其主导频率为上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频,压力波动幅度随上游叶片尾迹的衰减而沿流向减弱。转子叶片吸力面非定常压力受叶片附面层和上游叶片尾迹共同影响,其主导频率为上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频,但是在吸力面前部气流加速区压力波动幅度沿流向增大,而在吸力面后部气流减速区压力波动幅度沿流向减小。在存在尾缘分离的情况下,在分离区附近产生较大压力波动。尾缘气流分离产生的压力波动频谱中含有上游叶片尾迹频率及其倍频的分量,但其频谱可能比较复杂,并非单一地受上游叶片尾迹影响。      

气动声学计算中一种声扰动方程的改进

研究了气动声学计算中的一种改进声扰动方程(IAPE)。采用三种不同的声传播模型,数值分析了声在均匀流以及剪切流中的传播问题。与线化欧拉方程(LEE)相比,除了个别位置预测的压力峰值较小以外,声扰动方程(APE)几乎能够预测到类似的物理特性;另外,APE方程具有无需求解密度方程,计算成本相对较少等优点。为弥补APE方程预测压力峰值较小的缺点,通过分析APE方程,这类方程中需要加入剪切流与声波相互作用的源项。为此,对APE方程进行改进,加入了一种声源项,计算结果表明,改进的APE方程(IAPE)能够和线化欧拉方程的计算结果保持一致。     

混合层中由次谐波导致的失稳过程的数值研究

用拟谱方法对随时间发展的二维混合层流场进行了直接数值模拟,给出了高雷诺数下在Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ－Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ波卷起后存在的限振幅次振波地大尺度拟序结构进一步的失稳演变过程,包括大涡的配对,撕裂以及二次配对,同时探讨了初始的次谐波强度,雷诺数相位差等对大涡配对和合并过程的影响。     

Structural dynamic responses of a stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure

The stripped solar sail whose membrane is divided into separate narrow membrane strips is believed to have the best structural efficiency. In this paper, the stripped solar sail structure is regarded as an assembly made by connecting a number of boom-strip components in sequence. Considering the coupling effects between booms and membrane strips, an exact and semi-analytical method to calculate structural dynamic responses of the stripped solar sail subjected to solar radiation pressure is established. The case study of a 100 m stripped solar sail shows that the stripped architecture helps to reduce the static deflections and amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Larger prestress of the membrane strips will decrease stiffness of the sail and increase amplitudes of the steady-state dynamic response. Increasing thickness of the boom will benefit to stability of the sail and reduce the resonant amplitudes. This proposed semi-analytical method provides an efficient analysis tool for structure design and attitude control of the stripped solar sail.     

当量名义应力和变幅载荷下结构DFR的确定

1.当量名义应力及K_f和DFR之间的关系 当量名义应力定义为:在变幅载荷作用下结构危险部位的局部应力-应变水平对应的相同寿命的常幅名义应力水平。当量名义应力水平的确定方法详见文献。计算当量名义应力时必须用到结构的疲劳强度减缩系数K_f。 根据K_f的定义     

动态时频谱分析、探测和跟踪的随机有限集法

动态出现和消失多分量信号的时频分析问题一直是非平稳信号处理的难点之一。为此，提出了一种分析、探测和跟踪多分量信号的随机有限集法。该算法利用时频变换，如短时傅里叶变换或自适应谱估计法，以及多项式预测模型，将多分量信号的时频分析问题归纳成可利用随机有限集进行多目标追踪的问题。分析表明：借助于提出的初始权重赋值算法，以及谱分量幅度和频率的联合似然函数，就可利用高斯混合概率假设密度滤波器来实现对动态时频谱的分析、探测和跟踪。在仿真实验中，所提算法有效提升了动态时频谱的跟踪精度，其对微弱时频谱分量的探测能力，以及对载频差异的分析能力均优于文献报道的算法。     

基于四元数误差模型的捷联惯导系统对准方法

传统的小干扰方程并不能描述捷联惯导系统在大失准角下的误差传播特性 ,推导了姿态误差为大角度时的四元数误差方程 ,并指出当姿态误差为小量时 ,所推导的误差模型与小干扰方程是等价的。仿真结果表明在大失准角下的空中对准过程中 ,采用四元数误差方程以及非线性滤波技术能有效地提高对准精度