空间红外望远镜（SIRTF）

文章介绍了空间红外望远镜装置SIRTF（Space Infrared Telescope Facility)的用途。详细介绍了SIRTF上携带的低温望远镜装置CTA（Cryogenic Telescope Assembly)和3台成像仪器；红外阵列相机IRAC（In-frared Array Camera）、红外光谱仪IRS（Infrared Spectrogram)和多谱段成像分光计MIPS（Multiband Imaging Pho-tometer for SIRTF)。     

千呼万唤始出来 美国空间红外望远镜升空

美国航宇局用于天文观测的最后一个“大观测台”天文卫星———“空间红外望远镜设施”(SIRTF)在推迟几年之后,终于在8月25日由一枚德尔它2重型火箭从卡纳维拉尔角空军站发射升空。卫星进入绕太阳运行的轨道。这次发射也是德尔它火箭计划的第300次发射。耗资12亿美元的SIRTF卫星将以前所未有的精度进行红外天文观测,将使美国航宇局同时具备光学(哈勃太空望远镜)、X射线(钱德拉X射线观测台)和红外(SIRTF)空间天文观测能力。科学家们希望SIRTF能拍摄到在视觉和科学上都同哈勃拍摄的一样壮观的图像。     

空天瞭望

美国发射最后一个“大观测台”美国航宇局用于天文观测的最后一个“大观测台”天文卫星8月25日由一枚德尔它2重型火箭从卡纳维拉尔角空军站发射升空。卫星进入绕太阳运行的轨道。该卫星称为“空间红外望远镜设施”(SIRTF)。这次发射也是德尔它火箭计划的第300次发射。德尔它火箭1960年5月进行了首次发射,但以失败告终。3个月后进行的第二次发射获得了成功。不过8月25日进行的这次发射中的“明星”不是德尔它火箭,而是耗资12亿美元的SIRTF卫星。该卫星上的红外观测仪器将以前所未有的精度进行红外天文观测,将使美国航宇局同时具备光学(哈…     

空间红外天文望远镜低温制冷技术综述

空间红外天文观测对于研究行星、恒星、星系以及宇宙的起源具有重要意义,空间红外天文观测载荷代表了一个国家空间红外遥感载荷技术的最高水平。文章对现有的空间低温制冷方式进行了分析总结,介绍了各种低温制冷方式的特点、技术成熟度及适用温度范围。文章对典型空间红外天文望远镜（HST、IRTS、SIRTF、ASTRO-F、Herschel、WISE、JWST）的低温制冷技术进行了研究与总结,介绍了先进空间红外天文望远镜的制冷系统指标参数、制冷方案,总结了空间红外天文望远镜制冷系统发展规律与发展趋势,为中国空间红外低温制冷技术的发展提出了几点建议。     

小型高性能望远镜的可行性验证

为了验证既有宽视场,又有高分辨率的小型望远镜的可行性,法国国家空间研究中心(CNES)研制了1台演示验证样机,并进行了地面试验。该望远镜的焦距为1.08m、孔径f/6的三反射镜消像散系统,在8.4××1.4°的整个视场内具有高成像质量,其调制传递函数约为0.54(取频率为N)。焦平面上有2个通道:一个是24000像元的全色通道;另一个是3谱段的多光谱通道,每个谱段有12000像元。整台望远镜(包括反射镜、结构、遮光板和焦平面)质量不到45kg。为了简化结构设计,缩短校准所需的时间,同时保证望远镜的高稳定性和优良的成像质量,在样机的研制中采取了有效的技术措施。文章第一部分介绍望远镜的设计,第二部分介绍制造和试验结果。     

红外成像导引技术在战术导弹上的应用

本文简述了红外成像导引技术应用原理,评述了国外红外成像技术发展现状与技术水平,介绍了红外成像导引技术在战术空地弹和反舰弹工的应用情况。     

空间太阳X射线成像望远镜技术

阐述了空间太阳X射线成像望远镜(SXT)在近地环境空间天气观测中的作用和意义。介绍了国内外SXT技术的发展和应用情况，分析了仪器的工作原理、主要观测目标和应具备的基本功能以及关键部件。     

迅速发展着的红外成像精确制导技术

本文阐述了红外成像精确制导技术的特点及现代精确制导武器对红外成像制导技术的需求,并对国内外红外成像制导技术的现状进行了综述。文中还介绍了红外成像制导在战术导弹、战略防御武器及空间拦截系统中的应用。     

红外成像导引头及其成像制导武器述评

概述红外成像导引头的主要优点 ,分析其中的关键技术 ,并综述红外成像导引头及其制导武器的发展现状 ,介绍几种典型的红外成像制导武器。针对目前现状 ,评述红外成像导引头及其制导武器今后的发展趋势     

萨基姆公司为丹麦提供JIM远程多功能红外双筒望远镜

据Sagemds网站2012年10月19日报道，北约支援局（NSPA）近日授予法国萨基姆公司（Sagem）合同，为丹麦国防部提供126台JIM远程多功能红外双筒望远镜，丹麦军队此次采购的JIM望远镜将部署在前线部队。便携式光电封装的JIM远程双筒望远镜不仅具备昼／夜（红外）视像、测距、磁罗盘、GPS、     

CBERS-1卫星红外多光谱扫描仪分系统简介

文章介绍了CBERS -1卫星红外多光谱扫描仪 (IRMSS)分系统的主要性能和基本组成     

CBERS-1卫星的红外多光谱扫描仪设计与在轨运行

文章介绍了CBERS -1卫星红外多光谱扫描仪(IRMSS)的设计与在轨运行情况     

Scientific investigations at a lunar base.

Scientific investigations to be carried out at a lunar base can have significant impact on the location, extent, and complexity of lunar surface facilities. Among the potential research activities to be carried out are: (1) Lunar Science: Studies of the origin and history of the Moon and early solar system, based on lunar field investigations, operation of networks of seismic and other instruments, and collection and analysis of materials; (2) Space Plasma Physics: Studies of the time variation of the charged particles of the solar wind, solar flares and cosmic rays that impact the Moon as it moves in and out of the magnetotail of the Earth; (3) Astronomy: Utilizing the lunar environment and stability of the surface to emplace arrays of astronomical instruments across the electromagnetic spectrum to improve spectral and spatial resolution by several orders of magnitude beyond the Hubble Space Telescope and other space observatories; (4) Fundamental physics and chemistry: Research that takes advantage of the lunar environment, such as high vacuum, low magnetic field, and thermal properties to carry out new investigations in chemistry and physics. This includes material sciences and applications; (5) Life Sciences: Experiments, such as those that require extreme isolation, highly sterile conditions, or very low natural background of organic materials may be possible; and (6) Lunar environmental science: Because many of the experiments proposed for the lunar surface depend on the special environment of the Moon, it will be necessary to understand the mechanisms that are active and which determine the major aspects of that environment, particularly the maintenance of high-vacuum conditions. From a large range of experiments, investigations and facilities that have been suggested, three specific classes of investigations are described in greater detail to show how site selection and base complexity may be affected: (1) Extended geological investigation of a complex region up to 250 kilometers from the base requires long range mobility, with transportable life support systems and laboratory facilities for the analysis of rocks and soil. Selection of an optimum base site would depend heavily on an evaluation of the degree to which science objectives could be met. These objectives could include lunar cratering, volcanism, resource surveys or other investigations; (2) An astronomical observatory initially instrumented with a VLF radio telescope, but later expanding to include other instruments, requires site preparation capability, "line shack" life support systems, instrument maintenance and storage facilities, and sortie mode transportation. A site perpetually shielded from Earth is optimum for the advanced stages of a lunar observatory; (3) an experimental physics laboratory conducting studies requiring high vacuum facilities and heavily instrumented experiments, is not highly dependent on lunar location, but will require much more flexibility in experiment operation and EVA capability, and more sophisticated instrument maintenance and fabrication facilities.     

Why space science and exploration benefit everyone

As well as providing practical information on Earth-besetting problems, space science and exploration are vital tools for capturing the public imagination and encouraging young people's interest in space. The relatively small scale of some scientific instruments also allows mission participation by developing countries. Citing the work of the UN and various NGOs in promoting study and distribution of space science data, the authors recommend that it be given a higher profile and suggest a number of projects -- the Mars drill study in Egypt, refurbishment of a telescope facility in Sri Lanka -- involving developing countries that should be followed up, as well as listing ongoing successful projects. The UN is urged to continue its annual workshops on space science (apparently under threat) and to ensure its inclusion in the forthcoming UNISPACE III Conference.     

System of maintaining the thermal regime of a space radio telescope

We present the results of developing a system of thermal regime maintenance for the onboard complex of scientific instruments of the space radio telescope installed on the Spektr-R spacecraft. The structure of the system of thermal regime maintenance is presented that includes a set of autonomous systems of constructive elements of the radio telescope. Basic schemes and composition of aggregates are presented, and main principles of operation of the autonomous systems supporting the thermal regime of the radio telescope are considered.     

CBERS-1卫星红外多光谱扫描仪图像预处理方法

文章介绍了中国和巴西联合研制的资源一号卫星 (CBERS_1)上的有效载荷之一 - -红外多光谱扫描仪 (IRMSS)图像数据的处理 ,包括错位校正、相对辐射校正和去除噪声等处理过程。     

Concept of a space telescope able to see the planets and even the satellites around the nearest stars

The Space Telescope will be launched in 1986 and will improve considerably our observational possibilities, but not the visibility of outer planetary systems.The solar system as seen from Alpha Centauri is presented, as well as the nearest stars and the main cameras of the Space Telescope.As a possible improvement the action of a distant and star-shaped screen is described; that screen is 100 to 800 meters and placed 10⁵ to 10⁶ km in front of the telescope; it allows one to avoid the dazzling effect of the stars and to look for planets such as Jupiter and Saturn up to 20 to 40 light-years. Such planets as Earth and Venus are a little less visible.The visibility of satellites such as the Moon is discussed; it remains at the limit of our technical possibilities.This conceptual paper does not consider in detail the technical difficulties involved.     

空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪

文章阐述了用于空间大气成分探测傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的国外发展状况,主要介绍了几种国外先进的高分辨率空间大气探测用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪的结构、应用范围和技术指标,比较了这几种设备的优缺点和技术特点。     

Design issues for a mission to exploit the gravitational lensing effect at 550 AU

Reported herein are the first results of a NASA-sponsored study at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, exploring the scientific promise and technological viability of a mission to exploit the gravitational lensing effect of the Sun to obtain huge antenna gains for electromagnetic waves grazing the Sun's disk. With regard to scientific promise, these results, reported at about the halfway point of the study, substantiate the huge antenna gains offered by, as it will be called here, a Solar Gravitational Telescope (SGT) and point to the instrument's potential promise as a “discovery machine” but suggest considerable limitations to the telescope's usefulness as a general purpose astrophysical research tool. These limitations are seen to arise, primarily, from the geometry and scale of the “virtual” telescope which must be achieved and maintained to utilize the lensing effect and the turbulence effects of the Sun's plasma on the observed target's signal. With regard to technological viability, the preliminary results suggest a very aggressive use of unproven, as-yet-unflown new technology will be required to enable the desired science observations and mission durations approaching the short (3–10 year) NASA-targeted mission duration goal. Key needed new technologies are advanced propulsion, lightweight telescopes, membrane mirrors, inflatable/rigidizeable structures, and novel coronagraphic techniques.     

System design and performance of the two-gyro science mode for the Hubble Space Telescope

For 15 years, the science mission of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) required using three of the six on-board rate gyros for attitude control. Failed gyros were eventually replaced through Space Shuttle Servicing Missions. To ensure the maximum science mission life, a two-gyro science (TGS) mode has been designed and implemented with performance comparable to three-gyro operations. The excellent performance has enabled a transition to operations with 2 gyros (by intentionally turning off a running gyro to save it for later use), and allows for an even greater science mission extension. Predictions show the gain in mission life approaching two years. In TGS mode, the rate information formerly provided by the third gyro is provided by another sensor. There are three submodes, each defined by the sensor used to provide the missing rate information (magnetometers, star trackers, and fine guidance sensors). Although each sensor has limitations, when used sequentially they provide the means to transition from relatively large, post-maneuver attitude errors of up to 10, to the arcsecond errors needed to transition to fine pointing required for science observing. Only small reductions in science productivity exist in TGS mode primarily due to more difficult target scheduling necessary to satisfy constraints imposed by the use of the star trackers. Scientists see no degradation in image quality due to the very low jitters levels that are nearly equivalent to three-gyro mode.