含开口复合材料柱面壳压缩性能

实验研究了含开口补强三分之一弧长复合材料柱面壳结构的压缩行为.测试的开口补强件在开口处最终发生屈曲破坏,其最终屈曲载荷为65.922 kN.利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立相应有限元模型研究其屈曲行为,将屈曲破坏形式及载荷的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,证明所建立的模型正确有效.研究结果表明:在不补强情况下,随着开口面积增加,压缩屈曲载荷并非完全递减,而是在某一个开口面积范围内具有极大和极小值;在补强情况下,如果开口面积一定,屈曲载荷与开口高度成正比,与开口宽度成反比.因此,在设计和工艺允许的情况下,应尽量增加开口高度.     

激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板剪切性能分析

针对双光束激光焊接带口盖加筋壁板开展了剪切稳定性试验,分析了带口盖加筋壁板在受剪状态下的屈曲载荷、屈曲形式、后屈曲承载能力及破坏形式。建立了壁板与剪切夹具的有限元模型,对壁板的剪切失稳形式及后屈曲承载能力进行仿真计算,并探究了口盖对加筋壁板的承载能力、应力变化及面外变形的影响。结果表明:带口盖加筋壁板在剪切状态下,当屈曲比达到1.95时,加筋壁板进入后屈曲,最终破坏载荷约为屈曲载荷的2.98倍。仿真与试验得到的载荷-位移曲线较为吻合,有限元法得到的屈曲载荷和破坏载荷与试验平均值误差分别为8.7%、1.02%。开口壁板的承载能力及刚度均下降,螺栓紧固口盖对加筋壁板的应力与面外变形影响较大。      

穿透性损伤对钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板面内压缩性能影响

钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板在实际服役过程中可能会产生穿透性损伤，从而影响口盖壁板面内压缩性能。采用试验和有限元计算相结合的方法研究了穿透性损伤对钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板面内压缩性能的影响。结果显示：含穿透性损伤的钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板的面内压缩破坏载荷要略高于无损伤钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板，且面内压缩破坏载荷随穿透性损伤直径增大而增大；有限元模型预测的破坏模式与试验结果一致，预测的破坏载荷与试验结果的最大偏差为9.33%，两者吻合较好。研究结果可以为钛合金蜂窝口盖壁板的设计及面内压缩性能的预测提供数据支持和研究方法参考。     

1/3含口盖复合材料柱壳后屈曲性能

工程结构中复合材料柱壳已经得到了广泛使用,并且屈曲是其结构设计的一个主要问题。由于试验结果与线性屈曲理论分析结果的巨大偏差,线性特征值屈曲分析只能作为结构的一个初步评估方法,进一步分析可选用含初始几何缺陷的后屈曲分析。本文以轴压载荷下的1/3含口盖复合材料柱壳为研究对象,建立ABAQUS有限元模型,分别进行了基于Buckle算法的线性特征值屈曲分析、基于Riks法的含初始几何缺陷的非线性后屈曲分析,所得应变、载荷数值结果与试验结果吻合。非线性Riks后屈曲分析显示结构具有后屈曲承载能力和稳定的后屈曲平衡路径,能更准确地捕捉临界屈曲载荷,所得屈曲模态也更加贴近试验屈曲模态,因此,在设计上以含初始几何缺陷的Riks法得到的结果更加真实可靠。进行了含口盖复合材料柱壳的初始几何缺陷的敏感性分析,结果表明该结构对初始几何缺陷是非常敏感的,为了提高结构抗屈曲性能,应提高加工工艺质量,减少初始几何缺陷。     

复合材料层合板机械连接修理拉伸性能

带损伤孔的复合材料层合板拉伸强度会降低约55%,需要对其进行修理以恢复力学性能、满足使用要求。针对带圆形损伤孔的复合材料层合板设计了机械连接修理方案,通过轴向拉伸试验评估其修理效果。根据试验条件建立了有限元模型,分析不同的修理方案对破坏模式、破坏载荷、应力分布、钉载分配等产生的影响。试验及有限元分析(FEA)均表明,修理后的复合材料层合板,其强度恢复率达到55%~60%左右,应力集中部位主要在修理区域最外侧的钉孔旁,最终破坏模式为母板沿修理区域最外侧一排钉孔断裂。使用双面修理、增加螺栓排数、采用金属补片、适当增加补片厚度,可减缓应力集中,改善钉载分配,提高结构强度恢复率。      

整体次加筋壁板屈曲载荷近似计算方法

为了在初步设计阶段能够快速计算整体次加筋板的失稳载荷,在一些合理假设的基础上,提出了一种简单的近似计算方法.以无缺陷的四边简支的矩形次加筋板为研究对象,针对该结构的3种失稳形式,利用传统加筋板理论分别计算相应的屈曲载荷,并以3种失稳形式中最小的临界屈曲载荷作为整体次加筋板的近似屈曲载荷.应用ABAQUS软件的屈曲线性摄动步方法分别计算了两组有限元模型:一组用来验证3种失效形式理论公式计算的准确度;另一组是整体次加筋板有限元模型,用以验证所提出的次加筋板屈曲载荷计算方法的适用性.以上研究均考虑了纵向压缩载荷和压剪组合载荷两种工况.计算结果表明,理论近似计算方法能够准确地计算次加筋板的失稳载荷,有一定的工程应用价值.      

碳纤维增强树脂基层板应变率相关损伤数值研究

为了研究高应变率载荷对于碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料变形破坏行为的影响,通过应变率修正式对复合材料的刚度与强度进行修正,建立了可考虑应变率效应的复合材料损伤数值模型,采用该模型对不同应变率条件下层板结构的面内破坏行为进行了模拟并与文献实验进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:本文所构建的数值模型可以有效预测树脂基层板结构在不同应变率条件下的破坏特征,并在材料刚度与强度硬化现象的预测方面有着较高精度;对于0°、90°铺层主导的试件,由于其力学性能近似为线性,数值模型在强度预测方面获得了较高精度;而对于±45°铺层主导试件,其在不同应变率条件下表现出较强的非线性损伤特性,因此模型在其强度性能预测方面存在一定误差。     

复合材料开孔层板压缩渐进损伤分析

首先,针对纤维增强复合材料开孔层板进行了压缩试验,通过微距数显设备、电镜扫描和X光扫描设备检测了加载过程中的渐进损伤和试验件最终破坏模式,观测了损伤起始和45°与90°铺层间的分层现象. 其次,将复合材料开孔层板失效分为层内失效和层间失效,基于细观损伤力学MMF3理论和界面胶层单元方法建立了开孔压缩损伤跨尺度分析模型.最后,应用该模型对开孔压缩损伤起始、损伤扩展和层板破坏模式进行了预测,获得了纤维和基体损伤起始位置、分层产生位置及扩展过程、最终的分层和压入破坏等计算结果.计算结果与试验结果获得了较好的吻合,表明该计算模型适用于分析复合材料开孔压缩渐进损伤问题.      

平面编织混杂铺层层板穿透挖补修理参数分析

基于ABAQUS软件平台建立穿透挖补修理后混杂铺层层板有限元模型,对修理后层板的拉伸强度和破坏模式进行预测.为验证模型的有效性,对无损伤板和修理后层板进行了试验研究,模型计算结果和试验吻合良好.使用计算模型对修理后结构进行参数研究,比较不同挖补斜度、胶层韧性、胶层厚度、损伤尺寸及附加修理层等设计参数对修理后结构拉伸强度的影响,得到的结果可以为含穿透损伤混杂铺层层板修理设计提供理论指导.     

轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲分析与试验

开口圆柱薄壳结构的轴向承载能力和稳定性分析是空间薄壁管式伸展机构(STEM,Storable Tubular Extendable Member)设计的关键问题之一.基于特征值屈曲分析方法,研究了轴压铍青铜开口圆柱薄壳结构在两端固支条件下的屈曲载荷与设计参数间的关系,利用幂函数拟合的方法建立了一种轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型.通过铍青铜开口圆柱薄壳轴向压缩试验对特征值屈曲分析和所建立的轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型进行了验证.结果表明:特征值屈曲分析方法可用于各向同性材料开口圆柱薄壳结构在两端固支条件下的轴向承载能力与稳定性分析;使用轴压开口圆柱薄壳屈曲载荷模型计算各向同性材料的开口圆柱薄壳在两端固支条件下受轴压作用时的屈曲载荷,最大误差为21%.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.