等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的实验

为揭示等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速的作用机理及影响因素,对静止空气条件下的诱导气流速度进行了测量.实验结果表明:等离子体气动激励启动瞬间形成启动涡,随即旋涡向下游运动并最终演化为近壁面射流;激励电压增大时,诱导气流速度增大,近壁面射流的射程增加;激励频率增大时,诱导气流速度变化不明显;多组电极激励器诱导的气流速度周期性地先增大后减小,并且诱导气流加速的效果沿流向方向逐渐减弱.      

PIV测定介质阻挡放电等离子体诱导的体积力

通过提高PIV测量速度场的空间分辨率,得到了精细的等离子体诱导速度场,给出了物面附近等离子体诱导流场的速度型,通过微分形式的N-S方程和积分形式的动量方程分别求解了介质阻挡放电诱导的等离子体体积力,得到了体积力的空间分布,分析了载波频率对等离子体诱导体积力的影响规律。计算结果表明：对于所采用的电极布置方式,等离子体激励器的诱导流场沿射流方向的体积力强于垂直射流方向的体积力;峰峰电压为12kV时,在10～45kHz的载波频率范围内,随着载波频率的升高,体积力呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

等离子体气动激励的加速特性研究

进行了静止空气条件下等离子体气动激励加速特性的实验研究与讨论,使用皮托管和粒子图像测速仪分别对诱导气流速度进行了测量与结果分析。实验结果表明:激励参数(激励电压、频率和电极组数目)的改变,对等离子体气动激励的加速特性有不同程度的影响。进行了等离子体气动激励诱导气流加速机理的讨论,证实了等离子体气动激励作为飞行器和动力装置的主动流动控制具有广阔的研究与应用前景。     

等离子体气动激励体积力的实验研究

等离子体流动控制作为一种新概念主动流动控制技术,其物理作用依据之一是“动力效应”。体积力作为表征“动力效应”的重要参数,对研究等离子体流动控制的原理具有重要意义。介绍了实验原理及系统的基本组成,对等离子体气动激励体积力进行了实验测量。结果表明：体积力的大小在mN量级;固定激励频率,激励电压增大时,体积力增大,且线性关系非常明显;固定激励电压,体积力受激励频率的影响不大。     

低速翼型分离流动的等离子体主动控制研究

为了研究等离子体激励器的放电形式及其诱导气流的规律,以及翼型迎角、自由来流速度分别对翼型流动分离抑制效果的影响。在低速、低雷诺数条件下利用介质阻挡放电等离子体激励器对NACA0015翼型进行了主动流动控制研究。结果表明：介质阻挡放电的形式为丝状放电;等离子体激励器诱导气流的方向由裸露电极指向覆盖电极,由电极的布置方式决定,与接线方式无关;当来流速度为25m／s,雷诺数为2．03×10^5时,等离子体气动激励可以有效地抑制翼型吸力面的流动分离,翼型最大升力系数增大约为9．7％,翼型l临界失速迎角由17．5°增大到20．5°;翼型失速延迟的真正原因并非单纯的气流加速;等离子体激励器的作用效果随着来流速度的提高而减弱,研究非定常激励或等离子体激励器与流场之间的耦合效应,也许更加具有潜力。     

射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验

介质阻挡放电(DBD)均匀稳定、易于敷设,是机翼/翼型等离子体流动控制(PFC)中最常用的激励方式。射频介质阻挡放电激励频率高、放电功率大,且能在流场中产生明显的加热,应用潜力大。采用射频电源驱动DBD激励器产生等离子体,分析放电的体积力、热特性和诱导流场特性,开展了射频介质阻挡放电改善NACA 0015翼型气动性能的实验,研究了占空比、调制频率、载波频率和电源功率等参数对流动控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:射频等离子体激励的体积力效应随激励电压的增大而增加;射频等离子体激励产生的热量在诱导的流场中进行传导,加速流场;当来流速度为20m/s,Re=3.36×10~5时,在翼型前缘施加激励,使翼型临界失速迎角推迟1°,最大升力系数增大6.43%,且在过失速迎角下仍具有流动控制效果,使升力下降变缓;调制频率越大,控制效果越好;存在最佳占空比、载波频率和功率,占空比对流场控制效果的影响最显著,最佳占空比、载波频率和功率分别为20%,460kHz和50W。射频等离子体激励以体积力效应、热效应和诱导壁面射流改善失速流场,使得NACA0015翼型气动性能极大改善,流动分离得到有效控制。     

等离子体激励器流场测量及诱导推力实验

为了深入了解等离子体激励器流动控制原理,采用PIV技术获得了静止空气中的等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流及其末端引射气流流场的流速分布和流态,并对由此产生的诱导推力进行了测量实验;研究了等离子体激励器上表面诱导气流加速机理和尾部流场形态以及电极对数对诱导气流加速的影响,并与推力实验结果进行比较。研究结果表明,等离子体激励器上表面空气被诱导产生定向流动,并在多对平行电极的作用下被逐渐加速;诱导气流在激励器末端的引射作用形成射流,增加等离子体激励器电极对数可以增大该射流的流速;所产生的诱导推力也随诱导气流流速的加速相应增大。     

端壁等离子体气动激励抑制高负荷压气机叶栅角区流动分离实验

为揭示端壁等离子体气动激励抑制高负荷压气机叶栅角区流动分离的影响规律和流场特征,在不同流场参数和激励条件下分别开展了微秒脉冲和纳秒脉冲等离子体气动激励抑制叶栅流动分离的实验研究.结果表明:端壁等离子体气动激励可以有效抑制叶栅角区的流动分离,其作用效果在攻角为3°时最佳,随攻角的增大逐渐下降;微秒脉冲激励的流动控制效果随来流速度的增大而降低,随激励电压和占空比的增大而提高,最佳非定常脉冲频率为500Hz;在较高来流速度下,微秒脉冲激励的作用效果十分微弱,但纳秒脉冲激励能够有效抑制角区流动分离;纳秒脉冲激励的流动控制效果随激励电压增大而提高,激励频率对控制效果至关重要,作用效果随激励频率的增大而不断增强,但当激励频率为5kHz时,作用效果有所下降.      

脉冲等离子体气动激励抑制翼型吸力面流动分离的实验

 为了提高等离子体气动激励控制附面层的能力,进行了脉冲等离子体气动激励抑制NACA 0015翼型失速分离的实验,研究了等离子体气动激励电压、位置、占空比和脉冲频率等对流动分离抑制效果的影响。在来流速度为72 m/s时,等离子体气动激励可以有效地抑制翼型吸力面的流动分离,翼型的升力增大约35%,翼型的临界失速迎角由18°增大到21°。实验结果表明：分离越严重,来流速度越大,有效抑制翼型失速分离的阈值电压越大;等离子体气动激励的最佳位置在流动分离起始点的前缘;调节占空比,可以在控制效果相当的情况下,降低等离子体气动激励所消耗的功率;当脉冲频率使斯特劳哈尔数等于1时,控制效果最佳。     

等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究

为了揭示等离子体气动激励与边界层相互作用的物理机制,作者进行了等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究。实验结果表明：毫秒、微秒等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动以“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的形式出现;当激励电压为12kV时,最大诱导速度约为3m／s;激励电压越大,“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的强度越大;脉冲激励的作用强度和作用范围要强于定常激励。该结论为提高等离子体流动控制的作用能力提供了指导。     

激励强度对等离子体合成射流的影响

通过在Navier-Stokes方程组中添加体积力源项的方法,模拟了不同激励强度下等离子体合成射流,并研究了激励强度对流场特性的影响。计算结果表明,随着激励强度的增大,激励器附近壁面处的涡量增大,对应的涡对中心诱导的流向速度增大,从而导致涡核更加远离壁面,并被拉伸变长。对于等离子体合成射流的时均流场,其中轴线上的流向速度随着激励强度增大整体变大。在较小的激励强度下,射流半宽度随着激励强度的增大而增大;而激励强度很大时(>6 Dc0),激励强度对半宽度基本没有影响。沿流向的动量通量也随激励强度的增大单调增加。     

等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的仿真研究

通过求解表面放电的二维流体体力模型,建立了翼型等离子体流动控制的数学模型,得到等离子体气动激励诱导的体力和热量分布,与Navier-Stokes方程耦合求解.进行了低雷诺数条件下,等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0009翼型失速分离的数值仿真研究,研究了等离子体激励的强度、激励电极数目和激励位置对流动分离抑制和翼型升阻特性的影响.在雷诺数为58000、攻角为24°的情况下,施加等离子体激励后,升力系数由0.7449增大到1.2404;阻力系数由0.4012减小到0.3503.      

表面介质阻挡放电等离子体体积力实验

采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术,在2200,4800,7300,14600Pa空气压力条件下,测量了高频高压表面介质阻挡放电(surface dielectric barrier discharge,SDBD)等离子体诱导流场.根据速度场和N-S方程求解了等离子体体积力分布,分析了空气压力和激励器电压对等离子体体积力影响.实验结果表明:相同空气压力时,激励器电压越高体积力越大.相同激励器电压时,体积力随空气压力升高减小.在体积力分布区域,体积力方向一致,较大体积力区域分布于体积力方向线上游,流场高速流动区域紧挨较大体积力分布区域,位于体积力方向线下游.     

Experimental Investigation into Characteristics of Plasma Aerodynamic Actuation Generated by Dielectric Barrier Discharge

This article carries out synthetic measurements and analysis of the characteristics of the asymmetric surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation.The rotational and vibrational temperatures of an N2 (C3Пu) molecule are measured in terms of the optical emission spectra from the N2 second positive system.A simplified collision-radiation model for N2(C) and N2+(B) is established on the basis of the ratio of emission intensity at 391.4 nm to that at 380.5 nm and the ratio of emission intensity at 371.1 nm to that at 380.5 nm for calculating temporal and spatial averaged electron temperatures and densities.Under one atmosphere pressure,the electron temperature and density are on the order of 1.6 eV and 1011cm-3 respectively.The body force induced by the plasma aerodynamic actuation is on the order of tens of mN while the induced flow velocity is around 1.3m/s.Starting vortex is firstly induced by the actuation;then it develops into a near-wall jet,about 70 mm downstream of the actuator.Unsteady plasma aerodynamic actuation might stimulate more vortexes in the flow field.The induced flow direction by nanosecond discharge plasma aerodynamic actuation is not parallel,but vertical to the dielectric layer surface.     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

Experimental study of an anti-icing method over an airfoil based on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Aircraft icing has long been a plague to aviation for its serious threat to flight safety. Even though lots of methods for anti-icing have been in use or studied for quite a long time, new methods are still in great demand for both civil and military aircraft. The current study in this paper uses widely used Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD) plasma actuation to anti-ice on a NACA0012 airfoil model with a chord length of 53.5 cm in a closed-circuit icing wind tunnel. An actuator was installed at the leading edge of the airfoil model, and actuated by a pulsed low-temperature plasma power source. The actuator has two types of layout, a striped electrode layout and a meshy electrode layout.The ice accretion process or anti-icing process was recorded by a CCD camera and an infrared camera. Instantaneous pictures and infrared contours show that both types of DBD plasma actuators have the ability for anti-ice under a freestream velocity of 90 m/s, a static temperature of -7℃,an Median Volume droplet Diameter(MVD) of 20 lm, and an Liquid Water Content(LWC) of 0.5 g/m~3. The detected variations of temperatures with time at specific locations reveal that the temperatures oscillate for some time after spraying at first, and then tend to be nearly constant values.This shows that the key point of the anti-icing mechanism with DBD plasma actuation is to achieve a thermal equilibrium on the model surface. Besides, the power consumption in the anti-icing process was estimated in this paper by Lissajous figures measured by an oscilloscope, and it is lower than those of existing anti-icing methods. The experimental results presented in this paper indicate that the DBD plasma anti-icing method is a promising technique in the future.