考虑高度参数的摆动式红外地球敏感器模型研究

本文考察了摆动式红外地球敏感器测量的工作原理,在介绍敏感器两种数学模型—圆盘模型和三维模型的基础上,增加卫星轨道高度参数为变量,讨论了在不同轨道高度下,敏感器数学模型的变化.利用小角度条件下的一阶近似处理,对敏感器模型所关心的弦宽与姿态角转换关系给出了解答.通过进行带有高度参数的修正,把敏感器的圆盘模型和三维模型推广到了其他轨道高度下.     

偏置功率匹配器在微波小功率校准系统8mm频段应用

为了提高8mm微波小功率敏感器的校准准确度,利用原有的SYSTEMⅡ微波小功率标准系统,通过研制偏置功率匹配器,在8mm频段构建了新型波导小功率敏感器校准系统。本文详细叙述了偏置功率匹配器的设计及其工作原理,该系统具有操作方便、性能稳定等优点,可实现对8mm波导小功率敏感器的准确校准。     

基于STLS的卫星质量质心在轨估计

提出了一种使用结构总体最小二乘(Structured Total Least Squares,STLS)进行卫星质量和质心参数在轨估计的方法。其相对于现有方法有三个优点:采用完整的动力学模型,考虑敏感器测量误差,估计模型中不包含误差很大的推力值。首先推导了卫星质量和质心参数的估计方程,将其化为STLS模型的形式,对该模型定义了质量质心参数的STLS估计,并使用结构总体最小范数(Structured Total Least Norm,STLN)算法进行具体求解。证明了当敏感器噪声为高斯分布时,该估计为极大似然估计。仿真结果验证了该STLS估计方法的有效性。     

非线性系统多故障诊断方法

给出了非线性系统的一种基于模糊奇偶方程的多故障诊断方法.解决了非线性系统中同时出现多种故障时的故障检测与识别问题.首先构造线性系统的全解耦奇偶方程,再应用T-S模型融合非线性系统各个工作点处的线性模型的全解耦奇偶方程得到模糊奇偶方程.模糊奇偶方程产生的残差仅对一个执行器故障敏感、对一个传感器不敏感,而对其他执行器不敏感、对其他传感器敏感.将传感器和执行器故障模型表示成偏差的形式,根据残差信息可以估计出故障的模型参数.给出了应用递推最小二乘方法对各故障模型的参数进行估计的方法.给出了铁路牵引控制系统的感应电机仿真实例.结果表明,新方法能够对传感器故障和执行器故障同时存在的多故障进行诊断.     

加速度计加速退化机理模型建模方法

针对传统加速退化试验方案设计缺乏机理模型支持的问题,给出一种基于主机理层试验、关键部件仿真、参数解析和系统辨识于一体的加速退化机理模型建模方法.调研相关资料确定影响产品参数变化的主机理,通过主机理层试验得到有限元仿真输入参数,结合有限元仿真得到产品关键有限元输出参数,同时利用解析方法得到有限元输出参数和产品参数之间关系,根据系统辨识方法建立了加速退化机理模型.以加速度计为例,建立了加速度计标度因数稳定性加速退化机理模型,将模型结果与其在常温贮存条件下结果进行对比分析,结论显示该方法的有效性.     

内外参数精确建模的太阳敏感器标定

对数字式太阳敏感器标定,现有的多项式拟合和只有内部参数的简单建模方法标定精度低,为提高标定精度,提出一种基于内外参数精确建模的标定方法.通过分析太阳敏感器标定系统的内外参数,建立太阳敏感器标定模型,基于太阳模拟器和两轴转台获取标定点数据,采用最小二乘法分两步优化得到各模型参数.该方法不需要太阳光线与太阳敏感器成像面的初始对准,操作方便,同时通过精确分离太阳敏感器内外参数,避免了标定系统外部参数误差对太阳敏感器内部参数标定的影响,且通过两步优化,进一步提高了太阳敏感器的标定精度.实验结果表明:该方法的标定精度达0.005°(±60°视场),比常用的标定方法的标定精度(0.02°)提高约4倍.      

不完全加速退化的三参数幂模型线性化方法

针对加速度计零偏和标度因数不完全加速退化数据的非线性预测问题,提出一种加速度计加速退化的三参数幂函数模型线性化方法.该方法假设三参数幂函数退化轨迹模型的幂指数与加速应力无关,考虑到不同应力水平的试验时间相当时,较高应力下的参数退化速率较快,其退化轨迹与较低应力水平的相比,退化量更加接近性能参数的失效阈值,而低应力水平下退化量与失效阈值差距较大,因此最高应力水平下的退化轨迹更能反映加速度计性能参数的长期非线性退化规律.据此进一步提出了加速退化数据三参数幂函数模型幂指数确定的均方相关系数最大化原则,该原则通过高应力水平试验数据确定模型的幂指数,由此实现三参数幂函数模型的线性化,克服由于初值敏感而导致模型预测时稳健性较差的问题.为加速退化轨迹非线性模型的预测提供了一种工程化方法.     

天舟一号货运飞船空间实验装置蒸发相变地面实验

以天舟一号货运飞船为依托,开展空间蒸发相变传热规律的科学实验研究,探索重力对蒸发传热传质过程的影响规律.设计了一套地面蒸发实验平台,以蒸发相变液体FC-72为研究对象,通过红外热像仪测温、热流量计、差分热电偶等手段,观测FC-72液层在不同台面温度、注液量等情况下的相变界面变化、蒸发表面特性、流体物性及Marangoni对流涡胞的变化等,获取其蒸发两相流体的液层温度差、表面温度场、热流量值、蒸发速率和涡胞结构等.实验结果表明:在其他条件不变的情况下,FC-72液层与蒸发台面的温差越高,其蒸发速率越快;注液量越大,蒸发速率也越大;在蒸发过程中出现了浮力对流涡胞和Marangoni对流涡胞.此外,通过地面蒸发实验可以确定空间科学实验选用的实验介质和材料,进而优化确定空间科学实验的工况、参数及流程等,部分地面实验结果也将直接成为天地对比实验的科学成果.      

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发.液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用,液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起,使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂.用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型,得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式.对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况,采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程,得到了不同蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解.论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式.      

Modelling the atmospheric boundary layer for remotely sensed estimates of daily evaporation

An energy and moisture balance model of the soil surface was used to estimate daily evaporation from wheat and barley fields in West Germany. The model was calibrated using remotely sensed surface temperature estimates. Complete atmospheric boundary layer models are difficult to use because of the number of parameters involved and a simplified model was used here. The resultant evaporation estimates were compared to eddy correlation evaporation estimates and good agreement was found.     

Quantitative analyses of complexity and nonlinear trend of radio refractivity gradient in the troposphere

In this paper, the complexity and nonlinear trends of Radio Refractivity Gradient (RRG) in the troposphere over selected locations in Nigeria are analyzed and discussed extensively. The RRG is an important parameter in estimating path clearance and propagation effects such as ducting, surface reflection and multi-path on terrestrial line of-sights links. Also, radio wave signal propagating in the troposphere is affected by unpredictability of a weather condition which includes the variations of meteorological parameters such as temperature, pressure and relative humidity. The complex state of the atmosphere, which is the medium for the transmission of radio signals tend to have very strong influence such as scintillation and ducting on the quality of the radio signal, amplitude and phase. Variations in the meteorological parameters also induce variations in the refractive index of the atmosphere which in-turn results in the effect known as radio refractivity. For effective prediction and modeling of radio signal propagation, one should be able to characterize the nature and predictability of the computed RRG information. Chaotic Quantifiers (CQ) such as Phase Plot Reconstruction (PPR), Average Mutual Information (AMI), False Nearest Neighbor (FNN), Recurrence Plot (RP) and Recurrence Quantification Analyses (RQA) are used to assess the RRG. The information reveal, however, is based on the prediction techniques, design and frequency planning of microwave networks which may be useful for optimum performances during atmospheric turbulence.     

大气电场综合观测设备的设计

大气电场反映了地球近地表大气对气象活动、太阳活动与地质活动的综合响应。实现大气电场与气象参数及地磁活动指数等参数的综合测量,对雷电活动、地质灾害和磁暴活动等的研究具有重要意义。 设计开发了一种大气电场综合观测设备,能够同时测量包含温度、相对湿度、风速和大气电场等多个参数,在大气电场探测原理的基础上给出了大气电场综合观测设备的详细设计和电场标定过程。 通过对该设备在北京市十三陵台站实测数据的分析,与中国科学院国家空间科学中心FAMEMS-DF02电场仪以及中国气象网发布的气象数据进行对比,结果表明各气象参数99%的时刻对应误差不超过±10%,平均误差不超过±3%,而电场数据的平均误差为±0.166 kV·m–1。      

小卫星瞬态热分析模型修正方法

为解决参数分类和构建最小误差目标函数中瞬态温度时域过程的表达问题,分别定义了瞬态温度时均量和波动量对修正参数敏感度和分析值与试验值间瞬态温度均方差。利用蒙特卡洛混合方法对敏感参数进行分层修正的结果表明,修正前后瞬态温度分析值与试验值间误差由8%~16%降低至5%以下,分析值的时均量及波动量均有明显改善,且该结果被修正中未使用的试验数据所验证。这说明了修正中瞬态温度描述方式对改善瞬态热分析精度有效,蒙特卡洛混合法分层修正合理可行。     

Impact of four dimensional assimilation of satellite data on long-range simulations over the Indian region during monsoon 2006

A number of experiments were conducted to study the impact of updating model basic fields by satellite data (Quick Scatterometer (QSCAT) surface winds and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) temperature and humidity profiles) on long-range simulation during the Indian summer monsoon 2006. The Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) mesoscale model version5 (MM5) and its four dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) technique was used for the numerical simulations. The spatial distribution and temporal variation in model simulated basic meteorological parameters and rainfall were verified against the observed fields from National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), respectively. The overall analysis of the results from QSCAT surface wind assimilation as compared to control simulation (CNT; without the satellite data assimilation) suggest that a better representation of a single level wind field during model integration fail to make significant improvement in the model simulation both in the basic meteorological parameters and rainfall. The assimilation of temperature and humidity profiles from the AIRS during model integration significantly improved the rainfall prediction during monsoon period. It is found that the improvement in rainfall prediction is attributed to improved thermodynamics structure due to AIRS profile assimilation and the degree of improvement is more in temperature prediction as compared to humidity prediction. It is also found that the prediction over the regions, such as south west part of India and foothills of Himalaya, where a complex orography exists, is not significantly benefited from satellite data assimilation which highlights the need of improvement in the model in addition to a better representation of atmospheric state.     

A model for calculating the vertical distribution of the atmospheric electric potential in the exchange layer in a maritime clean atmosphere

A theoretical model is developed for calculating the vertical distribution of atmospheric electric potential in exchange layer of maritime clean atmosphere. The transport of space charge in electrode layer acts as a convective generator in this model and plays a major role in determining potential distribution in vertical. Eddy diffusion is the main mechanism responsible for the distribution of space charge in vertical. Our results show that potential at a particular level increases with increase in the strength of eddy diffusion under similar conditions. A method is suggested to estimate columnar resistance, the ionospheric potential and the vertical atmospheric electric potential distribution in exchange layer from measurements of total air-earth current density and surface electric field made over oceans. The results are validated and found to be in very good agreement with the previous aircraft measurements. Different parameters involved in the proposed methodology can be determined either theoretically, as in the present work, or experimentally using the near surface atmospheric electrical measurements or using some other surface-based measurement technique such as LIDAR. A graphical relationship between the atmospheric eddy diffusion coefficient and height of exchange layer obtained from atmospheric electrical approach, is reported.     

ROPP反演软件算法及其精度分析

介绍了ROPP反演软件中无线电掩星反演的算法与精度分析. 采用COSMIC卫星2008年1 月1日全天的附加相位数据, 反演得到折射率、温度、压强与湿度等参数, 并与CDAAC 相应结果进行对比. 实验结果表明, 在30km高度以下, 折射率、压强和湿度的相对 误差在2%以内, 温度误差不超过2K.