基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法

为了提高惯性/天文组合导航系统在高动态条件下的导航精度,提出了一种基于加性对偶四元数的惯性/天文组合导航算法.该算法将载体的旋转和平移统一起来,使用螺旋矢量更新对偶四元数,同时补偿圆锥误差和划船误差.推导了组合导航系统基于加性对偶四元数的误差模型和导航参数误差的计算方程;把陀螺仪和加速度计的常值误差扩充到状态变量中,随机误差作为系统噪声输入,利用星敏感器输出参数来校正陀螺漂移,通过卡尔曼滤波对状态变量进行估计.仿真结果表明:在高动态条件下,基于对偶四元数的惯性/天文导航算法的导航精度比传统算法提高2倍多.     

四元数UKF超紧密组合导航滤波方法

针对GPS/SINS(Global Positioning System/Strapdown Inertial Navigation Sys-tem)超紧密组合导航系统线性化滤波在高动态、弱GPS信号等环境下性能下降严重的问题,提出了一种以四元数UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)为基础的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统非线性滤波方法.通过分析GPS与SINS在超紧密组合导航系统中的关系,提出了一种利用SINS信息来估计、修正GPS载波信号的方法,在此基础上建立了组合导航滤波的状态方程和量测方程;以四元数乘性误差模型为基础,提出了一种可应用于UKF滤波的求解四元数加权均值的方法;提出了基于四元数UKF的GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航滤波方法.仿真实验表明:在高动态环境下,四元数UKF滤波方法增强了GPS/SINS超紧密组合导航系统的定位精度和抗干扰能力.     

基于遗传算法的多模型Kalman滤波算法 及应用研究

基于长航时无人机惯性/天文/卫星(INS/CNS/GPS)组合导航系统模型,针对复杂环境所引起的系统模型参数变化导致单一固定参数滤波器精度降低问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的多模型自适应Kalman滤波算法,并与单一模型下的Kalman滤波器方法进行了比较.仿真结果表明,与采用单一模型的Kalman滤波算法相比,该方法不仅能大大提高导航系统的精度和可靠性,而且还可以较好地辨识出组合导航系统惯性器件噪声统计模型参数.      

发射系下的SINS/CNS/GNSS组合导航UKF滤波算法

弹载系统的组合导航系统模型常建立在发射惯性坐标系下,且捷联惯性/天文导航/卫星导航（SINS/CNS/GNSS）是一种目前研究较多的组合模式。该组合导航系统的状态方程具有强非线性的特点,常用的滤波方法为扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）。为了提高组合导航系统的精度及可靠性,对该组合导航系统的无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）模型进行了设计,直接将姿态、位置与速度参数作为状态的一部分,利用CNS及GNSS提供的姿态与位置构成量测方程,并详细给出了姿态样本点的生成、均值及方差的生成过程。仿真结果表明,相对于EKF算法,采用UKF算法后各导航参数的精度可提高约20%~30%,并且系统的实时性也可以得到保证。     

弹道导弹的捷联惯性/天文组合导航方法

针对传统的捷联惯性/天文(SINS/CNS)组合导航系统不能精确估计加速度计偏置而导致导航误差发散的问题,提出一种基于星光折射间接敏感地平的捷联惯性/天文(SINS/RCNS)组合导航方法。利用星敏感器测量星光折射角,结合大气折射模型得到的折射视高度来抑制位置误差的发散。推导了基于星光折射新的量测方程,分析了折射星数目与导航精度的关系,当使用多颗折射星时能够精确估计加速计偏置,从而能够完全抑制位置误差的发散,并对系统进行可观测性分析。通过卡尔曼滤波实现了状态估计。仿真结果表明:本文方法的导航精度优于传统方法,有效抑制了位置误差的发散,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

发射系下SINS/GPS/CNS多组合导航系统算法及实现

首先建立了发射惯性系下的组合导航系统模型,据此设计了基于联邦滤波器的SINS/GPS/CNS组合导航算法,最后研制了基于PC104硬件平台的组合导航算法验证样机。通过实时半物理仿真测试得出,三组合导航系统的姿态误差小于15″,位置误差小于10m,速度误差小于0.2m/s,表明所设计的组合导航系统算法正确,实现合理。     

直接敏感地平的空天飞行器惯性/天文组合方法

传统的惯性/天文位置组合导航系统中,由于天文定位观测输出耦合了水平观测平台基准误差,往往存在系统噪声与量测噪声不完全独立的问题.针对此问题,分析了利用天文观测量修正惯性系下陀螺漂移的原理,提出了一种直接敏感地平进行天文解析定位及组合滤波的空天飞行器自主导航定位方案,并建立了相应的组合滤波模型.所提出的方法采用星敏感器和陀螺仪构造惯性基准,并在此基础上进行基于红外地平仪的天文定位解算,最后进行惯性/天文组合定位.该方案充分利用了星光敏感器在惯性系下姿态测量精度高的优点,并使惯性/天文组合定位滤波中状态噪声和观测噪声完全独立,仿真结果验证了该定位方法的有效性.     

初级教练机中的低成本导航仪组合导航算法设计

为了解决初级教练机低成本组合导航仪中全球定位系统(GPS, Global Positioning System)信息更新频率过低,导致传统组合导航算法失效的问题,在对惯性器件进行建模的基础上,提出了一种基于运动学非线性模型的组合导航算法.该算法选取载体的姿态、速度和位移量作为状态量,以GPS、磁强计和高度计的测量值作为观测量,建立组合导航系统模型,利用卡尔曼滤波对线性化后的系统模型进行数据融合.通过静态试验和动态跑车试验,表明该组合导航算法能够使姿态误差均值控制在0.12°以内,速度误差均值不大于0.03m/s,位移量误差均值不大于3.94m,精度能够满足初级教练机的应用需要.     

高超声速飞行器惯性/天文鲁棒组合导航方法

对于高超声速飞行而言,惯性/天文组合导航的应用将会面临异常值干扰和噪声特性变化等问题,需要控制天文量测中异常值扰动的影响,提高对于可靠量测信息的利用效率。为此,本文研究了一种基于平衡因子的组合导航方法,采用鲁棒滤波方法进行惯性/天文组合导航系统的量测更新,将自适应滤波技术引入到鲁棒滤波中,考虑到天文量测信息不同的噪声特性和水平,将自适应因子分解为姿态自适应因子和位置自适应因子,从而平衡状态预测信息和天文测量信息的贡献。仿真结果表明,本文方法可以显著提高高动态环境影响下的组合导航性能。     

超低轨道地球卫星脉冲星/星光折射/光谱组合导航

针对超低轨道地球卫星导航自主需求,提出了一种脉冲星/星光折射/光谱测速组合天文导航方法。首先根据地球超低轨道卫星运行轨道动力学方程建立导航系统状态模型;分别根据脉冲到达时间差和星光折射角与天体光谱频率建立导航系统量测模型;使用Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法,降低随机误差对导航精度的影响,使用基于UKF的信息融合方法,有效融合了三种天文导航方法结果数据。经计算机仿真分析,该组合导航方法位置导航误差均值为85.62m,速度误差均值0.190m/s,能够满足超低轨道地球卫星在轨运行导航需求。     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.