基于自适应注入模型的遥感图像融合方法

遥感图像融合的目的是融合高光谱分辨率、低空间分辨率的多光谱（MS）图像和高空间分辨率、低光谱分辨率的全色（PAN）图像,得到高光谱分辨率与高空间分辨率的融合图像。遥感图像的注入模型中如何确定注入细节及注入系数是该技术研究的关键。针对注入细节优化,先通过模拟MS传感器的特性来定义一种多尺度高斯滤波器,再用该滤波器卷积PAN图像以提取细节,得到与MS图像高度相关的细节。针对注入系数优化,综合考虑光谱信息与细节信息提出一种自适应的注入量系数。为更好地保留边缘信息,提出一种新的边缘保持权重矩阵,实现光谱信息与空间的双保真。将优化后的注入系数与注入细节相乘注入到上采样后的MS图像中,得到融合结果。对所提方法进行性能分析,并在各卫星数据集上进行大量测试,与一些先进的遥感图像融合方法进行对比,实验结果表明,所提方法在主观与综合客观指标上都能达到最优。      

多传感器遥感图像数据融合研究

重点研究了卫星遥感图像融合技术.通过在Matlab平台上实现基于颜色空间变换和基于小波变换的图像融合算法,分析了颜色空间变换的融合特点,并结合高分辨率图像、多光谱图像以及SAR图像的融合结果对相关理论进行了验证;研究了基于小波变换的融合方法在不同分解和重构级数下所获得的融合图像的特征,比较了各级融合图像的特点和相互间的差别;通过对高分辨率图像和多光谱图像的融合实例,给出了达到融合目的所应进行的最低分解重构级数与两原始图像空间分辨率指标比值间的定量关系;分析了不同小波因子对融合结果的影响,并结合颜色空间变换方法的融合结果得出了最终结论.      

基于框架域的随机游走全色锐化方法

针对多光谱图像与全色图像的融合问题,提出了一种新的全色锐化方法。该方法首先通过亮度、色调、饱和度(IHS)变换与非下采样框架变换将原图像从空间域变换到框架域,然后利用基于图论的随机游走,建立高频框架系数的统计融合模型。此模型根据高频框架系数的邻域相关性与尺度相关性构造新的随机游走协调函数,将高频框架系数融合权重的估计转化为随机游走标记问题的求解。实验结果表明,该方法有利于保持图像的光谱信息和边缘轮廓信息,可以在降低融合图像光谱误差的同时提高空间分辨率,并且优于一些主流全色锐化方法。     

基于区域灰度统计信号处理的图像融合方法

针对多源图像融合问题,提出了一种在多分辨率框架下基于区域内灰度特征统计信号的融合算法.利用图像灰度特征的区域生长法对源图像进行区域分割,并以裂缝边缘作为特征区域的闭合边界,对源图像与分割结果的区域映射图作多分辨率变换.在图像低频部分,以联合区域映射图为指导,在区域内建立信号与噪声的高斯混合分布模型,利用期望极大化(EM,Expectation Maximization)算法迭代估计噪声模型分布参数,获得低频融合结果;在图像高频部分,根据系数在区域映射图上的位置差异分别采用窗口系数加权平均法和系数绝对值选大法进行融合,将低频和高频融合结果反变换得到最终融合图像.融合结果表明:该方法是可行和高效的,且比其他图像融合方法具有更好的性能.     

基于三维Saab变换的高光谱图像压缩方法

高光谱图像中存储了丰富的光谱信息,具有极大的应用价值,但现有大部分高光谱图像压缩方法难以同时兼顾图像中的空间冗余与谱间冗余,导致压缩性能受到局限。针对该问题,提出了一种基于三维修正偏置的子空间(Saab)变换的高光谱图像压缩方法。采用三维Saab变换对高光谱图像的分块进行空间光谱信息融合的降维操作,同时去除谱间冗余和局部空间冗余;利用高效率视频编码(HEVC)中的帧内编码模块进一步去除空间冗余和统计冗余;实现低失真、高比率的高光谱图像压缩。在多个高光谱图像数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法在同码率下重建图像的信噪比(SNR)比采用主成分分析(PCA)降维的方法至少提高0.62 dB,在高码率的情况下性能优于张量分解的压缩方法。同时,验证了不同降维方法对分类任务的性能影响,结果表明,所提方法更好地保留了图像中的重要特征,在低码率的情况下仍可以保持较高的分类精度。     

双能透照模式下涡轮叶片DR图像融合方法

为了提高单帧涡轮叶片DR(Digital Radiography)图像的信息量,首先在2个不同射线能量下对涡轮叶片进行DR成像,以获取不同厚度区域的质量信息;然后将2幅DR图像进行多分辨率小波分解,以最大局部方差为准则对二者的低频子带图像进行融合,以局部梯度的活性因子为尺度对二者的高频子带图像进行融合;最后基于小波融合系数的逆变换获得最终的融合结果.实验结果表明:基于此方法的涡轮叶片融合DR图像携带了更为丰富的细节信息,从而有利于叶片质量信息的快速、准确判读.      

基于地物信息的高光谱遥感图像分类方法

利用主成分分析法滤除n维高光谱遥感图像中的大部分冗余信息,得到尽可能保留光谱信息的m维高光谱遥感图像,融合其地物空间分布信息,将m维高光谱遥感图像中的每一个像素点构建为一个2维谱-空信息向量。再利用主成分分析法法对m维高光谱遥感图像进行降维,得到q维融合地物空间分布信息与光谱信息的结果图。通过高斯混合模型预测聚类中心,基于改进的迭代自组织数据分析算法ISODATA(Iterative Selforganizing Data Analysis Techniques Algorithm)对高光谱遥感图像进行聚类,得到最终的分类结果。实验结果表明本方法的地物分类精度优于K-means、ISODATA和SVM方法,总体分类精度提升10.14%-13.99%,kappa系数提升3.2%-12.85%。     

基于小波域清晰度评价的光场全聚焦图像融合

传统全聚焦图像融合以相机多次曝光拍摄的多聚焦图像为基础,光场相机在单次曝光后可计算空间任意深度的重聚焦图像,为后期全聚焦图像的获取提供便利。提出了一种基于小波变换的光场全聚焦图像获取算法,可有效避免传统空域图像融合算法的块效应,获得较高质量的全聚焦图像。该算法通过对微透镜阵列光场相机获得的4D光场数据进行空间变换与投影,得到用于全聚焦图像融合的重聚焦图像,对各帧重聚焦图像进行小波分解提取高、低频子图像集,提出区域均衡拉普拉斯算子、像素可见度函数分别构建融合图像的高、低频小波系数实现图像融合,其性能优于传统的区域清晰度评价函数。实验验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性,采用Lytro光场相机的原始数据计算了融合全聚焦图像,与传统图像融合算法相比,人眼视觉效果更好,客观图像指标也得到了提高。      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.