一种反辐射武器抗有源诱偏方式分析

简要介绍了敌我识别（Identification Friend or Foe，IFF）工作方式，并阐述了反辐射武器对询问信号完成侦察测向的条件，提出了一种反辐射武器利用IFF信号抗诱偏的新方法，给出了被动雷达导引头（Passive Radar Seeker，PRS）对IFF的识别判断流程，并从频域、时域和空域等方面分析了PRS对IFF信号的截获概率。     

抗ARM攻击告警诱偏系统时序控制方法

针对诱偏系统由于站间距离、时序控制等因素造成诱饵信号、雷达信号在时域上存在差别,无法对反辐射导弹(anti-radiation missiles,ARM)进行有效诱偏的问题,提出了告警诱偏系统时序控制模型及近似模型,通过时序控制使各诱饵信号到达ARM雷达口面的时刻近似相同,大大减少了诱饵信号前沿超前时间,增加了ARM前沿检测区分信号的难度。根据ARM前沿检测区分信号能力,分析了传统时序控制方法下典型诱偏系统的有效诱偏区域;利用告警雷达提供的ARM位置信息,提出告警诱偏系统时序控制模型;根据实际告警雷达工作性能,提出告警诱偏系统时序控制近似模型。仿真试验验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

机场探鸟雷达技术发展与应用综述

探鸟雷达已成为机场鸟击防范中重要的鸟情观测工具。首先，在介绍探鸟雷达技术起源的基础上，分析了目标回波幅度、飞行速度、飞行高度、轨迹特征、微动特征等飞鸟目标特性。然后，介绍了Merlin雷达、Accipiter雷达、Robin雷达以及Aveillant雷达等四种典型的机场探鸟雷达系统及国内的探鸟雷达技术研究现状，并分析了天线、雷达波形、目标检测与跟踪、目标识别与分类等雷达关键技术，进而对典型探鸟雷达系统的性能指标做对比分析。最后，从雷达与光电技术融合、探鸟与驱鸟联动、鸟情信息分析等方面讨论了探鸟雷达的应用情况，并做出结论与展望。     

两点源抗反辐射导弹诱偏（骗）技术

 本文简要地讨论了相干与非相干两点源诱偏（骗）反辐射导弹的原理,介绍了实验结果。指出雷达抗反辐射导弹的诱偏（骗）技术应采用非相干两点源（或准两点源）。推导了两点源最佳距离L_opi的计算公式;提出了实现抗反辐射导弹的技术措施。     

诱饵诱偏无人机截获系统的仿真分析

诱偏技术是电子对抗中自我保护的有效方法.在分析电扫恒差比幅测向原理的基础上,讨论了设置诱饵情况下无人机截获系统测向的误差;在射频仿真系统中,对诱饵、雷达与无人机的相对位置关系进行了研究,给出了算法,最后通过仿真对其进行了验证.这对电子对抗中武器系统诱偏技术的应用、射频仿真系统功能完善以及武器系统作战效能评估等研究都具有一定的参考价值.     

诱偏信号对时差定位精度的影响分析

从装备面临的实际战场情况出发,在分析时差定位原理和雷达诱偏合成信号特性的基础上,分析了时差定位系统在存在诱偏信号情况下的侦收信号情况,对相关处理后的时差输出进行了建模和仿真研究,并分析了诱偏信号对时差定位系统精度的影响原因。针对三站时差定位系统和三点源诱偏系统,对典型态势下由诱偏信号引入的定位误差进行了仿真计算,得到了诱偏信号引入的误差分布情况和规律。     

舷外有源诱饵对抗反辐射导弹模型研究

舰载雷达系统包括多种型号的雷达,在舰艇施放舷外有源诱饵对抗ARM时,不能简单地将其视为单一辐射源目标。通过分析舰载雷达辐射源工作特性,建立了舷外有源诱偏条件下ARM对舰载雷达的攻击模型。仿真结果表明,ARM散落点在舰载雷达周围分布较为密集,可以对舰载雷达系统构成了较大的威胁。     

反辐射导弹技术参数对诱偏系统性能的影响研究

讨论了多点源有源诱偏系统的诱偏原理,以反辐射导弹(ARM)为研究对象,仿真分析了ARM的主要技术参数对典型的有源诱偏系统诱偏性能的影响,给出了各技术参数对该诱偏系统不同空域保护能力的影响曲线,并对诱饵的不同布局形式做了分析,对研究ARM的有效攻击以及有源诱偏系统的作战效能均具有指导意义.     

机载单通道雷达实波束扫描的前视探测

针对机载单通道雷达采用合成孔径雷达(SAR)技术、多普勒波束锐化(DBS)技术等途径难以实现载机飞行路线正前方高分辨率成像问题,研究了一种利用方位实波束重叠扫描的新型机载单通道雷达前视探测方法,讨论了提高方位分辨率的可行性和适用条件。该方法根据目标回波强度受到波束扫描增益调制的特点,通过计算修正的Capon空间谱来实现方位超分辨。模拟实验表明,所提方法能够实现机载单通道雷达的前视成像,可以显著提高波束主瓣区域内强弱临近目标的分辨能力。     

机载雷达天线伺服控制扰动观测器建模仿真

机载雷达天线伺服控制的精度是雷达系统精确搜索、识别和探测目标的重要指标之一。由于风速和载体运动速度的影响,雷达天线做扫描运动时会承受较大的空气阻力,空气阻力随着时间和扫描运动角度的变化而变化,使雷达天线伺服控制产生附加负载扰动转矩。为了尽可能减小扰动对雷达伺服控制精度的影响,本文提出一种基于扰动观测器的雷达天线伺服控制解决方案。建立雷达天线伺服控制系统的动力学模型、伺服控制模型,将空气阻力产生的附加转矩通过扰动观测器引入被控对象的控制输入端进行补偿,并对不同风速影响进行建模仿真和试验分析。结果表明：基于扰动观测器的雷达天线伺服控制精度有显著提高。     

Artificial Beam Sharpening Technique for Radar Beacon Systems

A method of improving angular discrimination artificially in radar beacon systems, without going to extremely high frequencies of operation or using unreasonably large interrogator antennas, involves the use of a null-type antenna pattern superposed on a normal directional beam. The effective are over which replies are obtained is determined by an amplitude discriminator circuit within the beacon which compares the amplitude of the pulse signals received on the null pattern with those received via the directional beam. Only if the latter exceed the former by a predetermined amount does the beacon produce a reply. The method, which has been tried experimentally and its theory verified, produces an increase in traffic handling capacity, as well as improved angular resolution, by reducing unwanted triggering and, hence, clutter on the display and the over-interrogation of transponder beacons. An antenna is described which eliminates triggering on sidelobes by providing the proper current distribution to the radiating elements to cause the null pattern to cover the sidelobes of the normal beam. Triple-pulse amplitude discriminators have been built and tested in a double-pulse interrogation system. Some theoretical considerations and design curves and equations for use in designing nulltype antennas are given in the Appendix.     

Effects of finite weight resolution and calibration errors on theperformance of adaptive array antennas

Adaptive antennas are now used to increase the spectral efficiency in mobile telecommunication systems. A model of the received carrier-to-interference plus noise ratio (CINR) in the adaptive antenna beamformer output is derived, assuming that the weighting units are implemented in hardware, The finite resolution of weights and calibration is shown to reduce the CINR. When hardware weights are used, the phase or amplitude step size in the weights can be so large that it affects the maximum achievable CINR. It is shown how these errors makes the interfering signals “leak” through the beamformer and we show how the output CINR is dependent on power of the input signals. The derived model is extended to include the limited dynamic range of the receivers, by using a simulation model. The theoretical and simulated results are compared with measurements on an adaptive array antenna testbed receiver, designed for the GSM-1800 system. The theoretical model was used to find the performance limiting part in the testbed as the 1 dB resolution in the weight magnitude. Furthermore, the derived models are used in illustrative examples and can be used for system designers to balance the phase and magnitude resolution and the calibration requirements of future adaptive array antennas     

Observation on GEOS-1 of 10.2 to 13.6 kHz ground based transmitter signals

The Omega transmitter signals on 10.2, 11.33 and 13.6 kHz are frequently observed on GEOS-1 near the end of the pass. The signals show large fluctuations in amplitude and in E/B ratio on a time scale of 0.1 s. The time delay of the signals vary considerably over a period of a few minutes, and often the duration of the received pulses on the dipole antenna is longer than the duration of the transmitted pulses. The propagation aspects of these observations will be discussed on the basis of raytracing calculations from the ground to the vicinity of GEOS-1.     

Generalized Response of a Linear FM Pulse Compression Matched Filter

A pulse compression matched filter is analyzed so that the response may be computed when the pulse width, FM rate, and center frequency simultaneously differ from design conditions. Unilateral and bilateral time domain amplitude weighting for sidelobe reduction is included. A general cross-ambiguity function is defined to include these effects and some basic computed results are presented for the peak envelope response with various degrees of Hamming weighting. Computer evaluation of this cross-ambiguity function allows one to choose a combination of mismatches for signal design trade-off between resolution and detection performance. Since no restrictions are placed upon the mismatch parameters, this analysis may also be used to evaluate the filter discrimination against various interfering signals.     

Performance of phased-array antennas with mechanical errors

The performance of planar phase-array antennas with mechanical errors is investigated. Errors in array element positions as a result of structural distortions are considered as deterministic and predictable. Detailed calculations for two assumed modes of distortion reveal that their effects on antenna performance are the loss of peak response in the scan direction and the broadening of the mainlobe, while the far-out sidelobe structure remains relatively intact. For large antennas, performance improvement can be expected by suitable phase compensation. Performance of antennas with random errors in their element positions must be treated statistically. Expressions of average directivity and sidelobe level corresponding to arbitrary error magnitudes in element position, amplitude and phase of excitation as well as finite rate of failure of element modules were derived and verified by direct numerical calculations from the antenna directivity patterns. For a planar phased-array antenna typical for space-based radars, the standard deviation of element position errors must not exceed 1% of the operating wavelength in order to maintain a -10 dBi sidelobe level     

阵列旋转对功率倒置算法性能的影响分析

针对卫星导航抗干扰中,功率倒置算法下导航信号载噪比受干扰来波方向的影响,通过理论推导和数值计算的方法研究了天线阵列旋转与功率倒置算法抗干扰性能的关系。分析结果表明:天线阵列旋转会使功率倒置算法下的阵列增益在最大值和最小值之间呈现连续的、周期性的变化。相比固定天线阵不变的载噪比,阵列旋转能够使信号在一段时间内获得更大的载噪比,对于四阵元Y型阵列,阵列旋转理论上对载噪比的最大提升程度可以达到14dB左右。仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性。     

Proposals for Simplifying Envelope Normalization in Adaptive Antenna Arrays

In adaptive antenna arrays using control loops the processing is determined under certain conditions by the covariance matrix Bmn = E(f(v*m)vn)?n), where ?1,..., ?N are N-complex Gaussian noise video signals and f is some function of the phase of ?m. Half of the storages and real multiplications could be saved by taking only the real part of ?n. It will be shown that this can be done without changing the performance of the adaptive antenna array significantly.     

Direction finding with a four-element Adcock-Butler matrix antennaarray

The conventional analog Adcock-Butler matrix (ABM) antenna array direction finder suffers from systemic errors, component matching problems, and bandwidth limitations. Three digital bearing estimators are developed as candidates to replace the analog signal processing portion of the ABM. Using the same antenna array, they perform all signal processing in the frequency domain, thereby benefitting from the computational efficiency of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. The first estimator requires two analog-to-digital converters (A-D) and three antenna elements. It multiplies the difference between the discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs) of the output signals from two antenna elements with that from a third antenna element. At each frequency component, the phase of this product is a function of the bearing. A weighted least squares (LS) fit through all the phase components then gives a bearing estimate. The second estimator is similar to the first but uses three A-D and all four antenna elements. The output signal from the additional antenna element provides an independent estimate of the weights for the LS fit, giving an improvement in accuracy. The third estimator applies the physical constraint existing between the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) of a signal intercepted by two perpendicular sets of antenna elements. This yields a better estimator than simple averaging of the bearing from each set of antenna elements. The simulation studies used sinusoids and broadband signals to corroborate the theoretical treatment and demonstrate the accuracy achievable with these estimators. All three direction finders have superior performance in comparison with the analog ABM     

Comparison of Superresolution Algorithms for Radio Direction Finding

The problem of high-frequency radio direction finding (HFDF) has perennially been compounded by the interference effects of multicomponent wavefields. The wavefields are generally produced by ionospheric multipath or cochannel interference from other transmitted signals. Because HFDF sytems must operate on short duration signals and are usually restricted to limited antenna array apertures, modern techniques of superresolution spectral analysis are applied to resolve the constituency of multicomponent wavefields. This paper presents a performance comparison of five superresolution spectral algorithms in solving the HFDF wave interference problem.     

一种新型双线极化BD2 B3抗干扰天线设计

设计了一种双线极化BD2B3抗干扰天线单元,采用2个幅度相等相位相差90°的馈电点,产生幅度相等相位正交的2个线极化波实现双线极化,用该天线单元进行抗干扰阵列组合,能够有效减小天线阵列的体积。