基于信度规则库的惯性平台健康状态参数在线估计

 实时准确的健康状态预测是规划惯性平台系统及时、经济的维修策略的关键技术。由于平台系统的健康状态是不能够直接观测的,假设平台系统的特征参数监测数据是可以获取到的,而且平台系统的健康状态与特征量是相关的。基于信度规则库(BRB),以平台系统的状态监测特征参数作为BRB系统的输入,以平台的健康状态作为输出结果,组建了惯性平台健康状态预测系统。为了克服现有BRB参数优化方法的不足,实现实时状态预测,基于期望最大化(EM)算法,研究了健康状态预测系统的参数在线估计算法。该算法在获取系统新的输入输出信息后,就对参数进行更新。利用本文提出的方法对惯性平台系统的健康状态实时预测问题进行了实验分析,实验结果表明：该方法可以有效地实现惯性平台系统健康状态预测模型参数实时估计;与参数离线优化方法相比,该方法不仅在预测精度上,而且在运行时间上都具有明显的优势;在工程实际中有良好的应用潜力。     

广义回归神经网络在冗余捷联惯导故障诊断中的应用研究

针对冗余捷联惯导的故障诊断问题，研究提出了一种基于广义回归神经网络的故障诊断方法。该方法在传感器输出数学模型未知的情况下，仅通过传感器之间的冗余关系，利用传感器正常工作时的测量值和改进的神经网络估计输出值生成残差进行故障诊断。仿真试验表明，利用神经网络补偿产生的残差可以检测到未补偿时的故障。该方法不仅可以检测到单故障，还对多传感器同时发生故障具有一定的检测能力。     

惯性卫星紧组合导航系统自主完好性算法研究

为保证组合导航系统运行的可靠性和输出导航参数的准确性,结合组合导航系统的自主完好性检测的基本算法,基于气压高度辅助下的卫星导航接收机最小二乘检测法和组合导航卡尔曼卡方检验法,提出了一种能够识别突变故障和缓变故障的组合导航系统自主完好性检测的算法,充分利用导航系统中高精度惯导系统的导航信息,实现了组合导航系统的自主完好性检测算法,提高了组合导航系统在复杂环境下的导航信息可靠性。     

基于矢量化检测联邦滤波的INS/BDS/地磁组合导航容错方法

组合导航能够将多种类型的导航信息进行结合,实现优势互补,因此成为了目前导航应用领域的主要发展方向。然而,导航信息的增多势必会引入更多的风险源,从而降低导航系统的可靠性。基于联邦滤波的容错方法是目前抑制故障信息影响的主要解决手段,但是现有的故障容错方法普遍采用统一的检测机制,没有根据各个导航子系统的误差传播特性针对性地构建故障检测模型,因此会引起较高的误警率与漏检率。针对上述问题,提出了基于矢量化检测联邦滤波的INS/BDS/地磁组合导航容错方法。通过构建面向INS/BDS/地磁不同导航信息的故障检测函数,能够实现更加准确的矢量化信息分配,从而可以有效避免可用导航信息的损失以及故障导航信息对整体系统的影响。仿真结果表明,提出的方法可以有效隔离不同类型的故障信息,并减小其对无故障导航信息及整体系统的影响,从而提高了组合导航的精度和可靠性。     

Model-based robust estimation and fault detection for MEMS-INS/GPS integrated navigation systems

In micro-electro-mechanical system based inertial navigation system（MEMS-INS）/global position system（GPS） integrated navigation systems, there exist unknown disturbances and abnormal measurements. In order to obtain high estimation accuracy and enhance detection sensitivity to faults in measurements, this paper deals with the problem of model-based robust estimation（RE） and fault detection（FD）. A filter gain matrix and a post-filter are designed to obtain a RE and FD algorithm with current measurements, which is different from most of the existing priori filters using measurements in one-step delay. With the designed filter gain matrix, the H-infinity norm of the transfer function from noise inputs to estimation error outputs is limited within a certain range; with the designed post-filter, the residual signal is robust to disturbances but sensitive to faults. Therefore, the algorithm can guarantee small estimation errors in the presence of disturbances and have high sensitivity to faults. The proposed method is evaluated in an integrated navigation system, and the simulation results show that it is more effective in position estimation and fault signal detection than priori RE and FD algorithms.     

航天器在轨故障特征数据生成方法

针对故障特征数据模拟生成算法与航天器的原理、模型关联度高,航天器状态描述模型不成熟、难以应用于工程实践的现状,根据反映航天器在轨故障的遥测数据表现形式和变化时间长短,将航天器故障进行分类。从遥测数据变化的角度,针对每类故障遥测数据的变化特点,研究了符合每类故障数据变化规律的故障特征数据生成算法及基于WEB服务的故障特征数据生成原型系统实现方式。生成的故障特征数据在故障检测、诊断与预警等方面得到成功应用,使航天器对象、状态演化规则和测控信息产生等故障输入数据更接近真实的动态特征。     

基于滑动时间窗主成分分析的液体火箭发动机传感器故障诊断方法

安装在发动机上的各种传感器是发动机状态监测的主要依据,由于工作环境恶劣,传感器失效时有发生。由于发动机运行过程中的性能蜕变和台次差异,现有基于主成分分析（PCA）的传感器故障隔离方法应用条件苛刻且诊断效果有限。针对这些问题,在对发动机数据分析的基础上,将滑动时间窗方法与PCA方法结合,提出双滑动时间窗的PCA方法用于故障传感器的隔离,并基于发动机试车数据进行了方法验证。结果表明：该方法能降低发动机性能蜕变和台次差异对发动机传感器故障诊断的影响,没有参数相关性的限制,可以实现对四种常见传感器故障的有效隔离,以及对两种发动机试验过程中故障的准确检测。研究证明了高速运转系统性能蜕变和强耦合复杂大系统台次差异对基于数据的故障诊断方法效果的影响,验证了在线学习/训练算法对这两种现象的鲁棒性。     

Robust fault detection and optimization for a network of unmanned vehicles with imperfect communication channels

The observer-based robust fault detection and optimization for a network of unmanned vehicles with imperfect communication channels and norm bounded modeling uncertainties are addressed. The network of unmanned vehicles is modeled as a discrete-time uncertain Markovian jump system. Based on the model, a residual generator is constructed and the sufficient condition for the existence of the desired fault detection filter is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality. Furthermore, a time domain optimization approach is proposed to improve the performance of the fault detection system. The problem of detecting small faults can be formulated as an optimization problem and its solution is given. For preventing false alarms, a new adaptive threshold function is established. The combined fault detection and optimization algorithm and the adaptive threshold are then applied to a network of highly maneuverable technology vehicles to illustrate the effective- ness of the orooosed aooroach.     

A new interpretable fault diagnosis method based on belief rule base and probability table

It is vital to establish an interpretable fault diagnosis model for critical equipment. Belief Rule Base (BRB) is an interpretable expert system gradually applied in fault diagnosis. However, the expert knowledge cannot be utilized to establish the initial BRB accurately if there are multiple referential grades in different fault features. In addition, the interpretability of BRB-based fault diagnosis is destroyed in the optimization process, which reflects in two aspects: deviation from the initial expert judgment and over-optimization of parameters. To solve these problems, a new interpretable fault diagnosis model based on BRB and probability table, called the BRB-P, is proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional BRB, the BRB-P constructed by the probability table is more accurate. Then, the interpretability constraints, i.e., the credibility of expert knowledge, the penalty factor and the rule-activation factor, are inserted into the projection covariance matrix adaption evolution strategy to maintain the interpretability of BRB-P. A case study of the aerospace relay is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

电缆故障在线检测定位装置研究

电缆作为飞机电源系统的重要组成部分,实现电缆故障的在线诊断,可以提高其可靠性。采用扩展频谱时域反射法(SSTDR),基于FPGA技术,设计一种板级速率为500 MHz的飞机电缆故障在线检测和定位装置,并进行实验验证。结果表明:该装置能够实现电缆开路、短路以及间歇性电弧的在线检测和定位,具有定位精度高、实时性好等优点;利用该装置在线监测电缆的健康状态,实现难以复现的间歇性故障的检测,能够提高地面运营、维护效率,节省人力物力,具有较高的工程应用价值。     

液体火箭发动机启动过程实时在线故障检测算法

利用神经网络技术实现了液体火箭发动机启动过程的非线性辩识；提出并实现了一种基于辩识误差检验的故障检测策略。经大量实际发动机热试车数据验证表明，所提出的检测算法十分有效。由于算法所利用的监测参数均系实际发动机地面试车中所测量的参数，且检测算法在线工作时计算量十分小，因而所提出并实现的检测算法可以直接应用于工程实际。     

SINS/BD紧组合导航系统故障检测算法研究与实现

由于惯性导航系统和卫星导航系统具有良好的互补性与北斗导航系统的迅速发展,惯性/卫星紧组合导航系统得到广泛应用。但卫星导航系统的时变、易受干扰等特性,极易污染整个组合导航系统。因此,研究了一种新型的惯性/北斗紧组合导航系统的故障检测算法,在传统的卡方故障检测算法基础上,利用新息动态变化特性来识别故障星,并对故障星进行隔离,从而保证整个导航系统的稳定性与精度。最后基于嵌入式PC104平台,利用Qt Creator软件开发了多线程惯性/北斗紧组合导航系统,对所研究的算法进行了可靠验证。实验结果表明,所研究的故障检测算法能够有效地检测出卫星信号故障,能及时剔除故障星,大大降低了漏检、错检的概率,提高了整个导航系统的可靠性与精度。     

A novel combination belief rule base model for mechanical equipment fault diagnosis

Due to the excellent performance in complex systems modeling under small samples and uncertainty, Belief Rule Base(BRB) expert system has been widely applied in fault diagnosis. However, the fault diagnosis process for complex mechanical equipment normally needs multiple attributes, which can lead to the rule number explosion problem in BRB, and limit the efficiency and accuracy. To solve this problem, a novel Combination Belief Rule Base(C-BRB) model based on Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG) structu...     

航空发动机燃油系统执行机构故障诊断及验证

研究了基于执行机构模型以及发动机逆模型的发动机燃油系统执行机构及其传感器故障诊断方法.基于发动机半物理仿真试验台试验数据建立执行机构小闭环传递函数模型,通过二次多项式拟合将油针位置转换为燃油流量.提出基于自校正在线训练神经网络算法建立发动机逆模型,以离线训练网络参数初始化在线系统,基于阈值更新网络参数,并对学习速率进行自校正,以提高算法的泛化能力及收敛速度.对比执行机构模型输出、发动机逆模型输出与LVDT传感器测量位移换算得到的燃油流量,基于阈值判断故障状态.在T700涡轴发动机半物理仿真试验平台上进行试验,实现了在发动机额定及各种性能退化状态下,执行机构及其传感器漂移和偏置故障的准确诊断及定位,验证了算法的有效性.     

区域导航无人机空中基准站的多源信息融合容错导航系统研究

作为卫星导航系统的补充和备份,区域导航服务系统近年来得到较大发展。在基于无人机的区域导航服务系统中,无人机自身的定位精度对区域导航服务系统的可靠运行有直接的影响。针对无人机导航传感器及系统的容错和可靠性问题,设计了具有针对性和自优化功能的多源信息融合容错导航方案,提出了一种优化的基于矢量分配形式的自适应联邦滤波算法。通过对每个状态量设计不同的信息分配系数,实现传感器量测噪声的动态优化调整,有效减小了传感器故障对融合导航系统的影响,提高了无人机导航系统的鲁棒性。验证分析表明,该方法可以减小子滤波器故障信息对融合导航系统联邦滤波全局估计的影响,避免了故障子滤波器在信息重置过程中对系统造成的污染,提高和保障了无人机空中基准站多源信息融合导航系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

临近空间无人飞行器多余度容错导航系统设计

临近空间无人飞行器导航系统的故障直接影响到飞行器的任务执行和飞行安全,因此必须能够长时间地保持稳定性和精确性,为达到此目的必须设计由惯性导航、卫星导航等多种导航传感器组成的多源多余度容错导航系统,提高系统的可靠性。针对临近空间飞行器制导控制对导航信息的需求,提出了一种标准的三余度导航系统架构,并设计了采用新型加权平均表决子算法,具备故障检测和隔离以及故障重构功能的容错重构算法,构建了适用于临近空间无人飞行器的多余度容错导航系统,通过实测试验数据仿真验证了容错导航系统的性能,展示了系统一次故障工作的故障容错能力。所研究内容也可被其他类型的无人飞行器借鉴和参考。     

小波技术在组合导航系统故障诊断中的应用

针对组合导航系统中存在的故障类型和特点，提出一种新的基于信号处理的故障检测方法。该方法利用小波分析技术对含有故障信息的系统信号进行分析处理，并将此方法应用于SINS／GPS组合导航系统。仿真结果分析表明，小波分析技术能很好地及时检测出组合导航系统的硬故障，且更加简便灵活，从而可以将小波分析技术应用于组合导航系统的故障检测。     

涡喷发动机供油调节系统的故障仿真及分析

供油调节系统的性能是影响发动机可靠性的重要因素。针对某弹用涡喷发动机，在综合已经发生的各种故障基础上，提出了发动机供油调节系统的故障模式集，并通过发动机及其供油调节系统的联合仿真平台，采用改变模型参数和结构的方法对三种典型故障进行了仿真分析和评估。结果表明：供油调节系统故障对发动机正常工作有很大影响。所采用的仿真方法具有实际的工程运用价值。     

Optimal design of RTCs in digital circuit fault self-repair based on global signal optimization

Since digital circuits have been widely and thoroughly applied in various fields, electronic systems are increasingly more complicated and require greater reliability. Faults may occur in elec-tronic systems in complicated environments. If immediate field repairs are not made on the faults, elec-tronic systems will not run normally, and this will lead to serious losses. The traditional method for improving system reliability based on redundant fault-tolerant technique has been unable to meet the requirements. Therefore, on the basis of (evolvable hardware)-based and (reparation balance technology)-based electronic circuit fault self-repair strategy proposed in our preliminary work, the optimal design of rectification circuits (RTCs) in electronic circuit fault self-repair based on global sig-nal optimization is deeply researched in this paper. First of all, the basic theory of RTC optimal design based on global signal optimization is proposed. Secondly, relevant considerations and suitable ranges are analyzed. Then, the basic flow of RTC optimal design is researched. Eventually, a typical circuit is selected for simulation verification, and detailed simulated analysis is made on five circumstances that occur during RTC evolution. The simulation results prove that compared with the conventional design method based RTC, the global signal optimization design method based RTC is lower in hardware cost, faster in circuit evolution, higher in convergent precision, and higher in circuit evolution success rate. Therefore, the global signal optimization based RTC optimal design method applied in the elec-tronic circuit fault self-repair technology is proven to be feasible, effective, and advantageous.     

Fault mode probability factor based fault-tolerant control for dissimilar redundant actuation system

This paper presents a Fault Mode Probability Factor (FMPF) based Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) strategy for multiple faults of Dissimilar Redundant Actuation System (DRAS) composed of Hydraulic Actuator (HA) and Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA). The long-term service and severe working conditions can result in multiple gradual faults which can ultimately degrade the system performance, resulting in the system model drift into the fault state characterized with parameter uncertainty. The paper proposes to address this problem by using the historical statistics of the multiple gradual faults and the proposed FMPF to amend the system model with parameter uncertainty. To balance the system model precision and computation time, a Moving Window (MW) method is used to determine the applied historical statistics. The FMPF based FTC strategy is developed for the amended system model where the system estimation and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) are updated at the end of system sampling period. The simulations of DRAS system subjected to multiple faults have been performed and the results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.