宽弦空心风扇转子叶片鸟撞损伤数值仿真

为解决航空发动机宽弦空心风扇转子叶片抗鸟撞设计问题,对宽弦空心风扇转子叶片鸟撞损伤进行了数值仿真。采用光滑质点流体动力学（SPH）算法建立鸟体模型,采用J-C本构模型和失效模型定义材料冲击下动态性能,建立旋转状态下叶片鸟撞数值仿真方法,经过试验验证能够较准确预测叶片损伤。开展相同条件下鸟撞击宽弦空心和实心风扇转子叶片仿真,对比鸟撞击叶片过程、撞击时叶片叶尖最大轴向和径向变形、撞击后叶片永久变形,研究被鸟撞击后空心叶片相比实心叶片的损伤特征。结果表明：空心和实心叶片鸟撞击过程相同;空心叶片被鸟撞击后叶尖轴向和径向变形更小;空心叶片被鸟撞击后前缘卷边变形更严重,对风扇气动性能和稳定性影响更大;在结构设计时应适当增加前缘空心区域局部刚度,或者适当增大前缘实心区域范围,用于提高空心叶片的抗鸟撞能力。     

鸟撞击风扇转子叶片损伤模拟与试验研究

为了研究航空发动机吞鸟时风扇叶片受到的损伤,开展鸟撞击旋转状态下发动机风扇叶片损伤数值模拟和试验研究。采用SPH方法,使用PAM-CRASH软件对鸟撞击旋转状态下风扇叶片进行了数值模拟,得到了鸟撞击风扇叶片过程:风扇叶片前缘撞击并切割鸟体、叶片盆侧撞击鸟体切片和叶片恢复变形,详细分析了鸟撞击对风扇叶片前缘、叶身、尾缘、凸肩造成的损伤,以及损伤对发动机的影响。设计并开展了旋转状态下鸟撞击风扇转子试验,得到了旋转状态模拟鸟撞击风扇过程,以及旋转状态下鸟撞击风扇实际的损伤类型,撞击过程和损伤类型与数值模拟结果一致。数值模拟和试验结果表明,鸟撞击风扇主要过程为叶片前缘撞击切割鸟体,主要损伤为风扇叶片前缘变形、撕裂、掉块和凸肩工作面错位、掉块,风扇叶片抗鸟撞击的薄弱部位为风扇叶片前缘和凸肩工作面。     

航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片鸟撞损伤模型标定

为建立航空发动机风扇叶片抗鸟撞载荷能力的量化预测方法,针对特定的航空发动机宽弦风扇叶片设计,依据发动机在典型工作状态下的吸鸟速度、角度等撞击参数开展叶片鸟撞试验,采用显式动力学数值仿真方法,建立叶片鸟撞试验仿真分析模型,并通过对模型中叶片材料参数、鸟体本构模型参数、鸟与叶片耦合接触参数进行敏感度分析,对模型进行标定.结果表明,标定后的鸟撞分析模型所预测的叶片损伤模式与试验结果一致,预测的损伤位置与试验测量结果误差小于10%.      

航空发动机风扇转子叶片外物损伤I.鸟撞击试验研究(英文)

本文改进了叶片鸟撞击试验条件。对某型发动机风扇一级转子叶片进行了鸟撞击试验。通过对叶片的鸟撞击瞬态响应分析和撞击前后叶片叶型变化的分析,验证了风扇一级转子叶片的抗鸟撞击性能,为某型发动机风扇转子叶片的抗外物损伤设计提供了依据。     

CFM56-5B型发动机风扇叶片鸟撞有限元仿真

针对CFM56-5B型发动机风扇叶片受鸟击问题,目前常采用实验和数值仿真两种方法,前者因成本条件客观问题难以实现,因此本文采用数值仿真来深入研究这一难题。本文运用CATIA三维软件进行建模,最大程度与实际风扇叶片相符,鸟体则采用目前应用广泛的椭球体流线型模型,运用LS-DYNA隐式求解方法对叶片进行离心应力初始化,建立了鸟撞叶片的数值计算模型,分析了鸟撞叶片的动态响应,通过大量仿真,得出鸟撞叶片的机械损伤程度与鸟的速度、受撞击位置之间的关系,为发动机风扇叶片的抗鸟撞设计提供帮助。     

基于响应面法的鸟撞风扇叶片损伤预测

有限元模拟鸟撞风扇叶片损伤成本高,为解决工程问题,采用经典叶栅鸟撞切割模型建立了鸟撞风扇叶片动载荷数学模型,结合鸟撞部件试验结果,以拟合技术明确风扇叶片损伤程度与最大关键动载荷计算值间的函数关系,形成叶片损伤预测响应面,实现对鸟撞风扇叶片损伤的快速预测,并建立基于响应面法的鸟撞风扇叶片损伤预测工作流程。结合涡扇发动机吞鸟试验技术要求、风扇结构设计特征及已开展的鸟撞部件试验结果,建立叶片损伤预测响应面,初步识别2种鸟撞方案的径向弯曲、弦向弯曲,并计算撕裂范围分别不超过0.3867和0.3941,撕裂与弦向弯曲相关性显著,呈抛物线变化趋势。结果表明：预测的损伤在可接受的安全性水平范围内,预测方法能够识别损伤范围及趋势,可为后续鸟撞有限元模拟、试验策划、安全性分析、风扇叶片抗鸟撞设计等工作提供量化的技术支持。     

航空发动机风扇转子叶片外物损伤II.鸟撞击数值仿真(英文)

鸟撞击是飞行安全最严重的威胁之一。鸟撞击的后果非常危险,因而,在进入服役之前,飞机部件必须通过抗鸟撞认证。航空发动机风扇转子叶片是容易受到飞鸟撞击的飞机部件之一,在设计时必须考虑使航空发动机风扇转子叶片具有抗鸟撞击的能力,降低由于鸟撞击叶片而引起的飞行事故。采用接触冲击算法,对航空发动机风扇转子叶片进行了模拟鸟撞击数值仿真。针对风扇叶片具有阻尼凸台的特点,分析中建立了三叶片组计算模型。得到了对应试验测试点的模拟鸟撞击叶片的瞬态响应曲线、叶片的位移和当量应力。比较了试验中和数值仿真中模拟鸟撞击叶片的瞬态响应曲线,试验中测试点与数值仿真中对应点的变化基本相同。分析了叶片的变形过程、最大位移和最大当量应力。模拟鸟撞击风扇叶片数值仿真验证并补充了模拟鸟撞击风扇叶片试验结果。     

复合材料风扇叶片鸟撞损伤的精细化分析方法

为了研究复合材料风扇叶片鸟撞损伤机理并指导研发设计,提出一种鸟撞复合材料风扇叶片的精细化分析方法。建立 了包含铺层信息的复合材料风扇叶片精细化有限元模型,进行中鸟撞击工况的数值计算,基于ANSYS-Workbench软件的自动化 脚本和MATLAB程序提取铺层有限元结果数据进行失效分析,通过Tecplot实现结果的可视化并结合叶片冲击响应进行叶片损伤 分析。结果表明：叶片的冲击响应除周向弯曲、轴向弯曲、扭转以外,在伸根段以上部分还包含高阶模态成分;叶片内部失效明显, 叶片外表可见损伤较少;在伸根段和榫头内部50%弦长位置出现明显分层,发生基体开裂的铺层较多;相同角度铺层的纤维失效 和基体失效位置及演化规律相似,少量铺层在高阶模态影响下,在特殊位置失效;±45°铺层在伸根段前缘附近出现显著纤维拉伸 失效,该位置为叶片的鸟撞薄弱点。     

高转速风扇叶片外物撞击损伤的定量评价方法

外物撞击是造成航空发动机风扇叶片变形、损伤甚至断裂的主要因素。针对外物撞击持续时间短、瞬间载荷大、损伤影 响因素多，难以进行定量损伤评价的问题，提出基于叶片损伤参数α的叶片损伤定量评价方法。以发动机风扇叶片受冰撞为例， 采用非接触叶尖计时测量方法，对叶片撞击产生的叶尖位移进行监测分析，验证了该方法的可行性。采用瞬态动力学分析方法对 叶片经受撞击过程进行全流程仿真模拟，并采用正交试验法定量研究了外物撞击过程中的撞击速度、叶片转速、撞击位置3种因 素对叶片损伤参数α的影响，拟合回归方程并绘制了这3种因素的3D响应曲面图，得到各因素的影响权重。结果表明：冰块速度 与撞击位置同时下降时，叶片损伤弱化效果显著。该方法可为大型风扇叶片抗外物打击性能设计和在役健康监测提供理论支撑。     

爬升阶段涡扇发动机核心流道吸鸟适航审定

研究涡扇发动机核心流道吸鸟对发动机的影响，分析核心流道吸鸟与风扇叶片鸟击的损伤模式及关键要素的差异。采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法开展某发动机风扇增压级内涵的吸鸟数值模拟，研究吸鸟位置、鸟速和风扇转速等关键参数对鸟体碎片轨迹及质量分布的影响，确定核心流道吸鸟最严苛工况条件。结果显示：鸟撞击进口导流叶片中心位置时鸟体切片质量较大；在较高鸟速和较低风扇转速下进入内涵的鸟体切片质量较大。研究结果支撑了某型涡扇发动机核心流道吸鸟专用条件的制定，要求在典型的爬升阶段允许的最大爬升速度以及最小风扇转速条件下开展吸鸟试验，同时试验用到的这只鸟的撞击位置应该使吸入核心流道的鸟的质量最大。     

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part I： Experimental Study of Bird Impact

The conditions of experiment for bird impact to blades have been improved. The experiment of bird impact to the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is carried out. Through analyzing the transient state response of blades impacted by bird and the change of blade profile before and after the impact, the anti-bird impact performance of blades in the first fan rotor is verified. The basis of anti-foreign object damage design for the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is provided.     

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅰ: Experimental Study of Bird Impact

The conditions of experiment for bird impact to blades have been improved. The experiment of bird impact to the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is carried out. Through analyzing the transient state response of blades impacted by bird and the change of blade profile before and after the impact, the anti-bird impact performance of blades in the first fan rotor is verified. The basis of anti-foreign object damage design for the fan rotor blades of an aeroengine is provided.     

Numerical simulation of a UAV impacting engine fan blades

A 3D digital model of a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is obtained by using the method of scanning reverse modeling and joint mapping. A numerical simulation of a small UAV strikes on rotary engine blades, presented in this paper, was performed with a Transient Nonlinear Finite Element code PAM-CRASH software. A test of motor strike on plate was developed and the dynamic response of the plate were obtained to validate the numerical simulation method of a UAV strike on blades. Based on this, dynamic damage response caused by UAV on the engine blades were studied. It is indicated that the impact process between the UAV and a single blade can be divided into two typical stages: cutting and impact. Cutting mainly leads to the failure of the leading edge material, and impact mainly leads to the plastic deformation of the blade. At the same time, it is compared with the damage impacted by bird with the same mass. For the same mass of bird and UAV, the damage caused by UAV striking fan blade is more serious, and 1.345 kg UAV striking fan blade of typical civil aviation engine is enough to cause damage to flight safety.     

评定叶片鸟撞击损伤的参数与方法

探讨了在叶片抗岛撞击损伤研究中叶片损伤能力的评定参数与评定方法。结合发动机设计准则与设计规范的要求,提出了2个用于评定叶片损伤能力的叶片变形损伤参数和塑性应变损伤参数;经对模型叶片在不同撞击位置进行的鸟撞击损伤评定,证明方法可行     

Glare层合板的抗鸟撞分析

飞机结构的抗鸟撞性能对于飞行安全有着直接的联系,鸟撞事故一旦发生,对飞机结构、设备的破坏作用往往极为严重。针对Glare层合板材料进行了抗鸟撞分析,利用有限元方法,采用显式碰撞动力分析软件PAM-CRASH,对四种不同纤维铺层角的Glare层合平板进行了抗鸟撞仿真分析,比较选取了最优的纤维铺层角;设计了全尺寸的机翼前缘模型,对4/3和3/2两种构型的Glare层合蒙皮进行了抗鸟撞仿真。结果表明4/3构型的Glare层合蒙皮的抗鸟撞效果最好,该构型将被进一步应用于机翼抗鸟撞试验件的设计中。     

Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.     

典型前缘结构抗鸟撞性能改进研究

 针对某典型前缘结构,研究了使用纤维金属层板(Fibre Metal Laminates,FMLs)蒙皮进行抗鸟撞设计的可行性。以显式动态冲击分析程序PAM-CRASH为平台,结合由鸟撞平板试验结果验证的鸟体本构模型参数,建立了鸟撞前缘结构数值模型。通过计算研究了使用不同蒙皮(铝合金、FMLs)的前缘结构在鸟撞作用下的变形破坏模式及吸能效果。结果表明：采用适当铺层的FMLs蒙皮可以有效地提高前缘结构的抗鸟撞性能。研究结论对飞机结构的抗鸟撞研究具有一定的参考价值。