110 GHz~170 GHz天线平面近场测量系统

面对(110~170) GHz天线准确计量的需求，设计了一套基于机械臂自动扫描的(110~170) GHz天线平面近场测量系统，它由矢量网络分析仪、扩频模块、机械臂扫描架、小型光学平台、扫描探头等硬件组成，通过测量软件设置仪器参数,控制机械臂扫描轨迹，采集扫描面上测试点的幅度和相位，将近场采集的数据用付氏近远场变换算法还原成天线增益方向图。采用标准增益喇叭天线对该系统进行实验验证，并将近场测量结果与远场测量结果进行比较，结果表明该系统测量方向图主瓣最大偏差为0.25 dB，能够满足天线计量的需求。     

天线平面近场测量的研究(二)

<正>一、前言本文第一部分阐述了近场测量方法对今后卫星天线测量的实际必要性;讨论了平面极坐标扫描的近场测量方式。利用罗仑芝(Lorentz)互易原理和雅可比—贝塞尔级数展开的计算方法建立了近—远场变换的数学模式;并列出了一种应用微型计算机程控的平面近场自动测量系统。前面这些讨论仅从理想化的情况研究了平面近场测量的问题。这当中隐含着以下的假定:     

星载可展开天线波束指向测试方法研究

综合天线方向图测量和光学测量方法研究了天线远场测量和近场测量光学测试系统, 进而利用光学仪器测试了星载天线波束指向的两种测试方法. 望远镜结合天线远场测试系统能较准确地测试出天线波束指向. 同时, 提出了采用准直仪及波罗棱镜在天线平面近场测试系统测试波束指向的方法. 海洋二号卫星载荷校正辐射计观测天线波束指向的测试表明, 该方法是有效性和准确性的, 其可以推广至一般高增益天线测试.      

紧缩平面场扫描架系统研制

紧缩平面场(CATR)是在较小的微波暗室里模拟远场的电磁环境,以行进各种天线的测量和研究.其最终性能指标要由紧缩平面场扫描架评定.根据紧缩平面场扫描测量原理,及其对扫描架平面度、直线度、定位精度及自动化程度的要求,研制了极坐标型紧缩场扫描架系统,通过采用高精度直线导轨、平面度微调方式和基于工业控制计算机的数字控制技术,达到了所要求的检测精度,满足了紧缩平面场扫描测量的要求.     

基于CLEAN算法对一维综合孔径辐射计成像误差的校正

对于天线单元数较少的一维综合孔径微波辐射计，系统的采样基线数有限，导致辐射计对目标在空间频率域的采样产生截断，在成像结果中引起明显的吉布斯误差.实际应用中通常选择加窗函数来抑制吉布斯误差，但是加窗函数会降低辐射计系统的空间分辨率.为抑制一维综合孔径辐射计成像的吉布斯误差，提出了基于CLEAN算法的校正算法.针对目前已完成的8单元辐射计地面样机系统，通过仿真实验，验证了CLEAN算法对于抑制辐射计成像结果中吉布斯误差的有效性.      

电网信号高准确度频谱插值测量算法

在非同步采样条件下,利用快速傅里叶变换算法分析电网谐波时将出现由长范围频谱泄漏、短范围频谱泄漏、负频点频谱泄漏等造成的测量误差.为了提高测量准确度,推导了频谱泄漏误差的表达式.针对工频交流正弦信号,提出了一种能够同时消除短范围频谱泄漏和负频点频谱泄漏的插值算法.仿真结果和实际的测量实验结果表明:与已有的插值算法相比,所提算法不需要对信号施加特殊的窗函数,在非同步采样程度较大的情况下,利用较少的采样样本便可准确地获得信号的频率、幅值和相位,适用于对准确度要求很高的精密测量领域.     

小张角波纹喇叭辐射特性计算

本文给出了小张角波纹喇叭关于其辐射中心的远场和近场辐射特性的计算方法,并给出了波纹喇叭在其工作频带内的计算机辅助分析框图。     

消除校准源近场测量中杂散波的快速方法

提出了一种基于快速逆衍射算法对辐射计温度校准源的近场测量中的杂散波进行分析和消除的方法.逆衍射算法是利用测量场计算逆向传播到源平面处的衍射场的方法.基于直接积分的快速傅里叶转换(FFT-DI,Fast-Fourier-Transform Direct Integration)算法和衍射高斯波束分析(DGBA,Diffracted Gaussian Beam Analysis)算法与逆衍射算法相结合得到快速逆衍射算法.根据快速逆衍射算法提出了近场测量的分析步骤,并且给出了滤除杂散波后的被测物体的衍射场,其验证了该方法的有效性.此外,为了达到更高的效率,建议将2种快速逆衍射算法结合使用.     

基于空时DFT投影实现宽带信号二维角估计

 提出了一种基于空时DFT投影的宽带信号二维角估计算法. 该方法采用3个共面的均匀线阵,每一均匀线阵对宽带信号空间采样,然后进行空时二维DFT变换,在空时频率域对宽带信号进行投影变换,用MUSIC算法实现宽带来波信号方向余弦的估计. 利用3个方向余弦估值进行配对,然后求得来波的方位角和仰角估计. 该方法既保留了投影算法的优点,即不需要源的先验知识;不需变换矩阵和在低信噪比有好的性能,又避免二维谱峰搜索.仿真实验表明了算法是有效的.     

一种二维干涉综合孔径辐射计近场成像算法

提出了一种基于相位补偿的二维干涉综合孔径辐射计近场成像算法.从干涉综合孔径辐射计的成像原理和近场应用情况出发,分析了快速傅里叶变换(FFT,Fast Fourier Transform)反演算法在近场条件下存在的问题,并采用相位补偿的方法,提出了一种近场数值反演算法.对点目标用FFT算法和近场成像算法进行了成像仿真,仿真结果表明近场成像算法比FFT算法具有更高的空间分辨率.用一套8mm波段二元干涉综合孔径辐射计对人工双点源场景进行了成像实验,实验结果证明了该近场算法的有效性.      

Anomalous enhancement of electric field derived from ionosonde data before the great Wenchuan earthquake

The seismo-ionospheric coupling is a hot topic of modern scientific research. One of the most reasonable mechanisms is the hypothesis of quasistatic electric field. With a preliminary analytical method, electric field in F2-region before Wenchuan earthquake was derived from the five lower latitude ground-based ionosondes: Lhasa (29.63°N, 91.17°E), Chongqing (29.50°N, 106.40°E), Kunming (25.00°N, 102.70°E), Guangzhou (23.15°N, 113.35°E) and Haikou (23.15°N, 110.35°E). The results show that there was an anomalous enhancement of electric field in F2-region close to the epicenter with maximal amplitude ∼2 mV/m (about 10 times of the background) at 15:00 LT on 9 May, which is in line with the amplitudes of anomalous electric field related to some previous earthquakes observed by satellites.     

Collocated ionosonde and dense GPS/GLONASS network measurements of midlatitude MSTIDs

To analyze midlatitude medium-scale travelling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over Kazan (55.5°N, 49°E), Russia, the sufficiently dense network of GNSS receivers (more than 150 ground-based stations) were used. For the first time, daytime MSTIDs in the form of their main signature (band structure) on high-resolution two-dimensional maps of the total electron content perturbation (TEC maps) are compared with ionosonde data with a high temporal resolution. For a pair of events, a relationship between southwestward TEC perturbations and evolution of F2 layer traces was established. So F2 peak frequency varied in antiphase to TEC perturbations. The ionograms show that during the movement of plasma depletion band (overhead ionosonde) the F2 peak frequency is the highest, and vice versa, for the plasma enhancement band, the F2 peak frequency is the lowest. One possible explanation may be a greater inclination of the radio beam from the vertical during the placement of a plasma enhancement band above the ionosonde, as evidenced by the absence of multiple reflections and the increased occurrence rate of additional cusp trace. Another possible explanation may be the redistribution of the electron content in the topside ionosphere with a small decrease in the F peak concentration of the layer with a small increase in TEC along the line-of-sight. Analysis of F2 peak frequency variation shows that observed peak-to-peak values of TEC perturbation equal to 0.4 and 1 TECU correspond to the values of ΔN/N equal to 13% and 28%. The need for further research is evident.     

A statistical study of the F2 layer stratification at the northern equatorial ionization anomaly

Ionograms recorded at Puer station (PUR, 22.7°N, 101.05°E, Dip Latitude 12.9°N) in the Southwest of China from January 2015 to December 2016 were used to study characteristics of the F2 layer stratification at the northern equatorial ionization anomaly. Ionosonde observations show that the development of the F2 layer stratification is different under different conditions. Both the upward and downward movement of the F2 layer stratification could be observed. The F2 layer stratification could occur both at daytime and nighttime. The new cusp could originate from different positions on ionograms. Moreover, statistical results indicate that the F2 layer stratification occurred later in the winter than in other seasons at daytime, it occurred frequently in the local spring, and most of ionograms with the F2 layer stratification at post-midnight occurred in March and April. Our results also show that the F2 layer stratification has a correlation with solar activity.     

Diurnal variations of ion flux intensity on a synchronous orbit

The data from the synchronous-orbit satellites of the Gorizont series are used to study the dependences of the ion flux variation amplitudes in the synchronous altitude region (the diurnal behaviour) on particle energies and on the form and rigidity of the particle energy spectrum. The proton fluxes were measured in the energy range E 60–120 keV, and the [N,0]²⁺ and [C,N,0]⁴⁺ ion fluxes in the energy range E 60–70 keV/e.

The ratio of the diurnal variation amplitudes of the studied ions is shown to correspond to the similarity of their energy spectra in the E/Q representation. The magnetically-quiet time gradient of the distribution function F(μ,J,L) in the synchronous-orbit region is shown to be (∂F/∂L)=0 for the H⁺ and [N,0]²⁺ ions and (∂F/∂L) > 0 for the [C,N,0]⁴⁺ ions (at the values of μ corresponding to the examined energy ranges). During magnetically-disturbed periods the inner boundary of the (∂F/∂L)=0 region shifts to lower L and (∂ F/∂L) = O in the synchronous altitude region must be also for the [C,N,O]⁴⁺ ions.     

天线平面近场测量的研究(一)

<正> 一、问题的提出为节省星上射频功率、减少对邻国的干扰,考虑到我国版图的具体情况,广播卫星采用多馈源抛物面天线的成形波束设计。有关该天线辐射和复盖性能分析参见。我国广播卫星电视传送频段拟用Ku波段(12/14GHZ),数值计算表明反射面天线口径一般都超过一米。多馈源抛物面成形波束的设计基础是利用偏焦馈源的二次波束偏斜。恰当设计馈源数目和它们在焦平面上位置及相对激励系数,就可得到按预定空间分布的各子波束。这些子波束     

Comparison of ionospheric data from Soviet and Chinese stations with the IRI-86 and the faim models

Median values of ionospheric data from Moscow(55.5° N, 37.3° E), Tashkent (41.3° N, 69.6° E), Beijing (40.0° N, 116.3° E) and Guangzhou (23.1° N, 113.3° E) for different years at LT: 00.00, 06.00, 12.00 and 18.00 were used to produce vertical profiles of electron density with the analytic procedure introduced by Giovanni and Radicella. These profiles were compared with the IRI-86 model profiles adjusted to the F2 experimental peak values and with those obtained with the Fully Analytic Ionospheric Model (FAIM). The main differences with the IRI model are related to the shape of the topside profile under certain conditions and to the presence of the F1 layer in the median values used. The differences with the FAIM model appears to be more marked. The results are discussed.     

Regular features of the polar ionosphere characteristics from Digisonde measurements over Norilsk

Regular features of the polar ionosphere have been studied using its local empirical model of the electron density distribution in the bottomside ionosphere. The local empirical model was derived from the hand-scaled ionogram data recorded by DPS-4 Digisonde at Norilsk, Russia (69.4N, 88.1E; 60N GLAT, 166E GLON) for a 6-year period from December, 2002 to December, 2008. The paper describes the technique used to build the local empirical model and discusses its diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity specifications in comparison with the standard IRI-2007 climatological model for the same period of time, long-term observations from the European Incoherent Scatter UHF radar (1988–1999), and the high-latitude ionosondes data. Primary focus of the paper is behavior of the three F2 layer parameters: the F2 peak density (NmF2), the peak height (hmF2) and the bottomside thickness (B0). Special emphasis of the paper is the analysis of the winter anomaly manifestation at Norilsk and the peculiar diurnal–seasonal behavior of hmF2 under low solar activity, named as a “polar day effect”.     

航天器多通道近场无线能量传输系统设计

针对航天领域空间交会对接、航天器配电、在轨服务与维护等领域对无缆化的需求，提出了多通道近场无线能量传输系统，建立了多通道磁耦合近场无线能量传输系统数学模型，分析了影响系统传输效率的重要参数，并对关键参数对系统效率的影响进行了仿真分析。通过线圈高效耦合设计，实现了多通道近场无线能量传输系统的效率最优。所提系统解决了能量的无线传输，并实现多负载接收的问题。通过一台1 000 W多通道近场无线能量传输样机进行了实验研究，结果表明，所提多通道近场无线能量传输装置具有传输效率高的特点，解决了航天器无线能量传输的多负载问题。