机械镀锌合金工艺研制成功

机械镀锌合金工艺研制成功机械镀是６０年代国际上出现的一种新的镀覆工艺，即通过滚筒运转产生的动能将金属粉末冷压到零件表面上形成镀层的工艺。它具有设备简单，基本无污染，生产过程比较简单，占地面积小，不会对基材产生氢脆等优点。利用该工艺所获得的锌合金镀层抗...     

积极推广应用氯化钾(钠)微酸性光亮镀锌新工艺

自无氰镀锌问世以来,主要有碱性锌酸盐镀锌和酸性氯化铵镀锌两人类。其中碱性锌酸盐镀锌工艺电流效率低,能源消耗大,镀层渗氢严重,易产牛氢脆;而酸性氯化铵镀锌工艺,由于活性铵离子与重金属生成络合物,使电镀废水处理困难,影响环境保护,并对车间设备腐蚀严重。近十多年来闷外对无铵氯化物镀锌工艺进行了广泛的研究,并普遍应用于生产。     

无氰镀锌新工艺

镀锌是对产品进行防护和半装饰性处理的工艺。有氰镀锌质量高,但氢化物有毒,危害工人健康又污染环境。老的无氰镀锌工艺由于不使用无机络合剂氰化物,镀液性能和镀层质量远不及有氰镀锌。本成果经试验研究,以水玻璃为络合剂的无氰镀锌新工艺获得成功。无氰镀锌新工艺的镀层质量与工艺性可与有氰镀锌相媲美,主要性能和质量指标甚至高于有氰镀锌。如镀层外观彩色纯正色泽鲜艳,白色纯化装饰性优异,镀层金相组织细致、紧密,增强了抗腐蚀性。抗变色性也优于有氰镀锌。本成果具有工艺性好,镀层质量高,根除了氰化物毒害,成本低等优点。由于镀液阴极…     

钢制螺栓镀锌后断裂故障解析

从原材料、热处理工艺、表面处理工艺等方面,分析在装配使用过程中镀锌钢制螺栓发生脆性断裂的原因。着重分析了镀锌过程中的析氢渗氢现象对钢制螺栓脆性断裂的影响,从而在选材、制造工艺过程控制等方面采取必要的措施,使零件表面的氢吸附、渗透压力减少,降低其氢脆敏感性,有效预防镀锌钢制螺栓发生脆性断裂。     

NDZ-1 NDZ-2宽温度光亮氯化钾 氯化铵镀锌工艺研究

无铵氯化物镀锌普遍存在添加剂的浊点低、允许工作温度范围较窄、镀液的分散能力和深镀能力较差等问题。本文介绍的NDZ-1、NDZ-2高浊点、宽温度氯化钾、氯化铵光亮镀锌工艺,解决了目前国内氯化物镀锌添加剂的一些技术难题。     

Zn-Ni合金镀层是值得推广的新镀层

在我部的军、民品生产中,约80%左右的钢铁零件的表面,都需要采用镀锌保护。镀锌是我部电镀工艺中量大面广的首要镀种。长期来,镀锌件存在的“泛白”和锌脆问题,虽进行过多次攻关,优选了镀锌、钝化工艺,并在钝化后涂一层有机或无机保护膜,但问题并未彻底解决,而仅仅是改善了抗蚀能力。近几年来,哈工大应用化学系的屠振密副教授等人,开展了防蚀性能好而含氢     

滚镀锌件军绿色钝化工艺

介绍一种适用于滚镀锌件进行军绿色钝化的工艺方法，已用于高档摩托车标准件的配套生产．     

涂层、电镀和加速试验方面的四点预测

考虑到许多因素会影响到制造和推动新产品的经营决心,对八十年代涂层科学和工艺提出四点预测。1.新型涂层将部分取代金作为电子工业的保护涂层,最有可能的替代材料是钯和金属间化合物。2.将要研制镀锌钢。预计这类钢在同样涂层厚度下,会有较长的使用寿命。一位日本制造厂商已把在含钴和铬的电镀槽中进行电镀得到的电镀锌钢公诸于世。据认为此种材料具有较低的锌腐蚀率。预料将研制出热浸渍的材料,使电镀锌产品具有优异性能。     

航空高强钢低氢脆电镀锌-镍合金工艺研究

对航空高强钢低氢脆电镀锌-镍合金工艺进行研究.分析在酸性氯化物体系下锌-镍比、电流密度、温度及添加剂等工艺参数对镀层性能的影响,得到镍含量达到13%～15%,耐蚀性能、低氢脆性能满足要求的合金镀层.     

氨三乙酸-氯化铵型镀锌

在吸取兄弟单位先进经验的基础上,根据我厂的实际情况,从一九七一年开展无氰电镀,采用本配方镀锌,经过五年的生产实践表明,槽液比较稳定,镀层的防腐蚀性能经广州三防试验站鉴定达一级。实践证明此工艺可以在生产上采用。一、槽液配方及工艺条件氨三乙酸 45～55克/升     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

航天器返回地球的气动特性综述

航天器返回地球的飞行过程中,气动特性是实现将宇宙飞行速度减到落地前速度、保证再入飞行得到有效控制以及再入防热安全可靠的关键因素。针对简单旋成体气动外形、半弹道式再入控制、烧蚀防热类返回航天器,综述了返回地球过程中变化的空气流域特性、航天器周围的气体绕流环境、空气与航天器作用产生的动力学与热效应等。系统地给出了该类航天器的再入气动特性参数与飞行性能的共性规律,包括:气动阻力与再入减速、气动升力与再入轨迹控制、配平攻角与飞行稳定性、气动加热与防热,以及再入过程中不同气动特性航天器、气象条件变化等对再入飞行性能的影响规律。为航天器开展返回飞行过程的跨流域气动性能工程研制提供设计参考。     

高超声速飞行器流动特征分析

在非流线型构件或突起物的扰动效应、高马赫数和低雷诺数极限效应、低湍流度环境效应和由激波或摩擦导致的气动加热效应等4个方面的影响下,未来高超声速飞行器涉及的流动主要表现出这样的特点:典型流动结构强度高、尺度大,如强激波和厚边界层;局部流动结构数量多;激波、膨胀波和边界层结构之间相互干扰十分严重;转捩、压力脉动和一些流动结构对细微因素非常敏感;压力、摩擦应力和热流峰值现象普遍;升阻比屏障难以突破;流场同时依赖大量无量纲参数和有量纲参数,导致实验模拟难度大。本文在回顾传统高超声速流动主要流动现象的基础上,对上述7个方面涉及的典型流动现象的基础研究现状、问题本质和因果关系进行综合描述,讨论如何更有效地面对基础研究和工程实际问题。该文既可为解决典型流动现象中尚未解决的基础研究提供帮助,也可为如何合理地利用有限的已知知识解决工程应用问题提供指导。     

The MESSENGER Spacecraft

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft was designed and constructed to withstand the harsh environments associated with achieving and operating in Mercury orbit. The system can be divided into eight subsystems: structures and mechanisms (e.g., the composite core structure, aluminum launch vehicle adapter, and deployables), propulsion (e.g., the state-of-the-art titanium fuel tanks, thruster modules, and associated plumbing), thermal (e.g., the ceramic-cloth sunshade, heaters, and radiators), power (e.g., solar arrays, battery, and controlling electronics), avionics (e.g., the processors, solid-state recorder, and data handling electronics), software (e.g., processor-supported code that performs commanding, data handling, and spacecraft control), guidance and control (e.g., attitude sensors including star cameras and Sun sensors integrated with controllers including reaction wheels), radio frequency telecommunications (e.g., the spacecraft antenna suites and supporting electronics), and payload (e.g., the science instruments and supporting processors). This system architecture went through an extensive (nearly four-year) development and testing effort that provided the team with confidence that all mission goals will be achieved. Larry E. Mosher passed away during the preparation of this paper.     

Snort报文检测及解析机制分析

Snort是目前最受关注的一个代码开放网络入侵检测系统(NIDS)。报文检测和解析是其最基本也是最重要的部分。本文分析了Snort的系统结构和检测原理及模式,对Snort报文捕获和报文解析的实现进行了分析,提出了Snort存在的缺陷和改进建议。     

新型硅微机械谐振器的设计

从理论上分析谐振器的静电制动特性和机械力学特性,给出了活动梳齿的谐振频率和谐振振幅的解析解,提供谐振器结构设计的依据.设计了四种结构形式的谐振器,充分考虑不同静电激励方式对谐振器的影响,合理选取结构参数,有效提高了谐振器抑制侧向失稳和粘附效应的能力.借助有限元软件在考虑硅微加工特性和可行性的基础上对谐振器模态和固有频率的仿真和计算,优化了谐振器结构参数,使工作模态远离其他高阶模态,具有良好的频率特性.     

中央维护系统概念及其应用

二十世纪八十年代以来,国外航空界研制开发了民用直升机的健康与使用状况监控系统(HUMS),并将这一概念引入军机,先后建立了用于军用直升机的联合先进飞机健康与使用状况监控系统(JAHUMS)项目和用于歼击机的故障预测与健康管理(PHM)项目,本文基于当前国外HUMS的发展状况,借鉴JAHUMS和PHM的构想,将HUMS概念引入到民用固定翼飞机中央维护系统(CMS)中,对CMS概念、应用和其关键技术进行了初步探讨。     

The Mercury Dual Imaging System on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The Mercury Dual Imaging System (MDIS) on the MESSENGER spacecraft will provide critical measurements tracing Mercury’s origin and evolution. MDIS consists of a monochrome narrow-angle camera (NAC) and a multispectral wide-angle camera (WAC). The NAC is a 1.5° field-of-view (FOV) off-axis reflector, coaligned with the WAC, a four-element refractor with a 10.5° FOV and 12-color filter wheel. The focal plane electronics of each camera are identical and use a 1,024×1,024 Atmel (Thomson) TH7888A charge-coupled device detector. Only one camera operates at a time, allowing them to share a common set of control electronics. The NAC and the WAC are mounted on a pivoting platform that provides a 90° field-of-regard, extending 40° sunward and 50° anti-sunward from the spacecraft +Z-axis—the boresight direction of most of MESSENGER’s instruments. Onboard data compression provides capabilities for pixel binning, remapping of 12-bit data into 8 bits, and lossless or lossy compression. MDIS will acquire four main data sets at Mercury during three flybys and the two-Mercury-solar-day nominal mission: a monochrome global image mosaic at near-zero emission angles and moderate incidence angles, a stereo-complement map at off-nadir geometry and near-identical lighting, multicolor images at low incidence angles, and targeted high-resolution images of key surface features. These data will be used to construct a global image base map, a digital terrain model, global maps of color properties, and mosaics of high-resolution image strips. Analysis of these data will provide information on Mercury’s impact history, tectonic processes, the composition and emplacement history of volcanic materials, and the thickness distribution and compositional variations of crustal materials. This paper summarizes MDIS’s science objectives and technical design, including the common payload design of the MDIS data processing units, as well as detailed results from ground and early flight calibrations and plans for Mercury image products to be generated from MDIS data.     

土壤优先流模型理论与观测技术的研究进展

优先流是土壤中常见的和重要的水流运动和溶质运移形式。由于土壤优先流的形成和影响因素众多、表现形式多样,加之土壤优先流的快速非平衡特征明显以及土壤高度的空间变异性,准确描述和模拟土壤优先流的时空变化特征一直以来都是土壤水文学界的热点问题和难点问题。该文从优先流的定义、表现类型、形成和影响因素、模型理论与观测技术等5个方面综述了土壤优先流的研究进展,指出该领域今后的主要研究方向为建立土壤优先流的统一判别标准、提升优先流模型理论的有效性、发展优先流的专用观测技术设备。文章对深入研究土壤优先流具有参考价值。     

Geodetic Methods for Calibration of GRACE and GOCE

It is beyond doubt that calibration and validation are essential tools in the process of reaching the goals of gravity missions like GRACE and GOCE and to obtain results of the highest possible quality. Both tools, although general and obvious instruments for any mission, have specific features for gravity missions. Therefore, it is necessary to define exactly what is expected (and what cannot be expected) from calibration and what from validation and how these tools should work in our case. The general calibration and validation schemes for GRACE and GOCE are outlined. Calibration will be linked directly to the instrument and the measurements whereas validation will be linked to data derived from the original measurements. Calibration includes on-ground, internal, and external calibration as well as error assessment. The calibration phase results in corrected measurements along with an a posteriori error model. Validation of e.g. calibrated measurements or geoid heights means checking against independent data to assess whether there are no systematic errors left and/or whether the error model describes the true error reasonably well. Geodetic methods for calibration typically refer to external calibration and error assessment, and will be illustrated with an example. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.