Switzerland——Roof of Europe

witzerland, located in the middle of Europe, is closeto Austria and Liechtenstein in the east, adjacentto Italy in the south, links France in the west andjoins Germany in the north.As a mountainous country, Switzerland, called ``Roofof Europe,' is divided into three main regions: the Alps, Juraand the Plateau. It has a population of 7.24 million, 74 percent of which is Germanic. Most Swiss people can speakthree languages, so they are called ``multilingual birds.'Matterhorn PeakMatterho…     

Airport City——A visit to Amsterdam Schiphol Airport in the Netherlands

Gerlack J Cerfontaine, president and chief executive officer of Schiphol Group in the Netherlands, announced at the New Year's Press Conference that Amsterdam Schiphol Airport handled 42.5 million passengers in 2004, up 6.5 percent over 2003. Its cargo volume broke the record to reach 1.4 milliontons, an increase of 8.5 per cent over the previous year.The airport handled 402,700 flights, a rise of 2.5 percent.It ranked fourth in carrying passengers and third in ca…     

She has a bright mind——An interview with Zhu Huihui

Zhu Huihui, a 25-year-old girl, acts as League branch secretary of Xiangyin Group. She was awarded by the State and the city as a service star in 2005, and won a May 1 labour model issued by the city government in 2006. Zhu, head of the group, once served VIP rooms for three years and was transferred to the information desk in the next four years. She was lucky because she gained knowledge and experiences from her service.     

SOME ASPECTS OF TWO AIRCRAFT COMBAT IN PLANE——A METHOD OF DEALING WITH TWO-TARGET PROBLEM

A method of dealing with two-target problem in terms of coordinate transformation and differential game is presented in this paper. It has analysed the capture region, escape region and danger region. This approach is helpful to a pilot to possess the favourable position in an air-to-air combat in plane.     

Airbus'''' 20 Years In China——An interview with Airbus Senior Vice President Laurence

This year is the20th anniversary of Airbus'entry intothe China market.In the past20years,Airbus hasexpanded its business in China by making technologytransfer and efficient industrial co-operation with Chinese aviationmanufacturers.China plays an important role in Airbus'global strategy.The company hopes to further expand the all-round co-operationwith the country.Both sides wish to reach a win-win success inthe future co-operation.On the afternoon of October31,Laurence,senior vicepresiden…     

Ameco-Beijing——a big name in a booming market

Catching up with the fast development of worldeconomy,China pulled up its bamboo curtain andsponsored an even more faster revolution of economytill 1978.The cooperation with German Lufthansa isone of China’s major steps to upgrade its civil avia-tion industry.The Aircraft Maintenance＆EngineeringCo.-Beijing(Ameco-Binjing),a partnership start-ed in 1989 by Air China and German Lufthansa is thelargest and the most powerful civil aircraft mainte-nance company in China.     

NWA Outlines Its Competitive Advantages In China——An interview with Phil Haan, executive vice president of Northwest Airlines

Phil Haan, executive vice president of international,alliances and information technology of NorthwestAirlines, and chairman of NWA Cargo, outlined theairlines' competitive advantages in the China market as wellas its continued commitment to serving the needs oftravellers in China on April 12 in an interview with AirportJournal.“China is an exciting, growing market and has played akey part in Northwest’s Asia/Pacific passenger and cargonetworks,” Haan said.Northwest Airlines is the wo…     

NEW METHOD FOR REDUCED RANK STAP—NON CLUTTER CHANNEL METHOD

Space- time adaptive processing(STAP) is aleading technology candidate for improving detec-tion performance of advanced airborne early warn-ing radar.In practical radar systems,the optimumfully adaptive space- time processing[1] cannot al-ways be implemented because of the computationalcomplexity,so the design of suboptimum proces-sors has been one of the key topics in STAP.Sev-eral reduced- rank STAP methods have been pro-posed in recent years.For example,based on thegeneralized sidelobe…     

Emotion Makes Life Better——An interview with Wolff Heinrichsdroff, vice president of international ltd

MontbIanc InternationaI Itd held its grand awardgiving ceremony at"the Commune at the Foot of theGreat Wall"on May 18,2004,China's first privatearchitectural art museum.Wolff Heinrichsdroff.vicePresident of Montblanc International Itd.came fromGermany to chair the ceremony in Beijing.     

Detailed modeling of aluminum particle combustion——From single particles to cloud combustion in Bunsen flames

A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer, phase change, heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed. The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters. The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the v...     

The World Expects Expo 2010 Shanghai-——A glimpse of “the Shanghai Week” at Expo 2005 Aichi Japan

Expo2005Aichi Japan displayed man's wisdomthrough the theme of Nature's Wisdom.``The Shanghai Week'at China Hall showedvisitors``wonderful Shanghai and harmonious life,'addingan unforgettable page to China Hall and Expo2005Aichi.People had a deep understanding of the great glamourof the world's Olympics in the field of economy,culture,science and technology when they read the figures--22.05million visitors,271authentications of the environmentalprotection of halls and venues,50out of mo…     

Experimental study of entrainment phenomenon in a trapped vortex combustor

Trapped vortex combustor (TVC) is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.     

Go For The Future——Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Party

Chivas Regal, the world's favorite premium Scotchwhisky, hosted the Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Partyat Riverside Avenue in Pudong on April 15, 2005.Riding on the futuristic theme, Chivas Regal providedan ultimate party experience for the Shanghai residents,inspiring them to transcend today and step into the ChivasLife of 2070.The Chivas Regal 2070 Futuristic Party will visit sevencities in China from April 15 to mid-June, including Shanghai,Beijing, Guangzhou and etc. The party on …     

Improvement in Time Efficiency in Numerical Simulationfor Solid Propellant Rocket Motors （SPRM）

The main purpose of the present work is to study the possibilities of reducing calculation time while maintaining the validity in the numerical simulation of the combustion product flow in SPRM chamber. Three ways of decreasing the calculation time-the use of numerical methods of high accuracy order, the reduction in spatial dimension of the problem, and the use of physical features of the processes in SPRM chamber while constructing a calculation model-were considered. Presented calculation data show that the use of these approaches makes it possible to reduce the time for solving the problems of SPRM simulation significantly (up to 100 times). Also conclusions about the applicability of the mentioned above approaches in SPRM design were made.     

Overloading of Landing Based on the Deformation of the Lunar Lander

Along with the progress of sciences and technologies, a lot of explorations are taken in many countries or organizations in succession. Lunar, the natural satellite of the earth, become a focus of the space discovery again recently because of its abundant resource and high value in use. Lunar exploration is also one of the most important projects in China. A primary objective of the probe in lunar is to soft-land a manned spacecraft on the lunar surface. The soft-landing system is the key composition of the lunar lander. In the overall design of lunar lander, the analysis of touchdown dynamics during landing stage is an important work. The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of a system with flexible cantilevers attached to the main lander is analyzed. The equations are derived from the subsystem method. Results show that the deformations of cantilevers have considerable effect on the overloading of the lunar lander system.     

A robust solution for hesitate phenomenon in pick up process of aerospace electromagnetic relay

As for aerospace electromagnetic relay (AEMR) which is of small batches and having difficulty in automatic production, the uncertainty phenomenon is remarkable due to excessive manual work involved in the assembly and adjustment processes. This kind of uncertainty may increase the coil voltage difference (CVD) caused by hesitate phenomenon in the pick up process of AEMR. Taking a certain type of AEMR for example, the CVD problem in the actual producing process has been studied in this paper. The primary cause of this issue, two-steps of armature motion (namely hesitate phenomenon) in the pick up process, has been found by analyzing the matching characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical torques of AEMR. Through the optimization of the matching characteristics, the two-steps of armature motion problem is solved by robust design of the return reed which is a key part of AEMR. The validity of this research has been proved by the comparison of characteristics of AMER before and after the optimization.     

Flow field and pressure loss analysis of junction and its structure optimization of aircraft hydraulic pipe system

The flow field in junction is complicated due to the ripple property of oil flow velocity and different frequencies of two pumps in aircraft. In this study, the flow fields of T-junction and Y-junction were analyzed using shear stress transport (SST) model in ANSYS/CFX software. The simulation results identified the variation rule of velocity peak in T-junction with different frequencies and phase-differences, meanwhile, the eddy and velocity shock existed in the corner of the T-junction, and the limit working state was obtained. Although the eddy disappeared in Y-junction, the velocity shock and pressure loss were still too big. To address these faults, an arc-junction was designed. Based on the flow fields of arc-junction, the eddy in the junction corner disappeared and the maximum of velocity peak declined compared to T-and Y-junction. Additionally, 8 series of arc-junction with different radiuses were tested to get the variation rule of velocity peak. Through the computation of the pressure loss of three junctions, the arc-junction had a lowest loss value, and its pressure loss reached the minimum value when the curvature radius is 35.42 mm, meanwhile, the velocity shock has decreased in a low phase.     

Multi-scale strength analysis of bolted connections used in integral thermal protection system

Efficient and accurate strength analysis of bolted connections is essential in analyzing the integral thermal protection system(ITPS) of hypersonic vehicles, since the system bears severe loads and structural failures usually occur at the connections. Investigations of composite mechanical properties used in ITPS are still in progress as the architecture of the composites is complex. A new method is proposed in this paper for strength analysis of bolted connections by investigating the elastic behavior and failure strength of three-dimensional C/C orthogonal composites used in ITPS. In this method a multi-scale finite element method incorporating the global–local method is established to ensure high efficiency in macro-scale and precision in meso-scale in analysis.Simulation results reveal that predictions of material properties show reasonable accuracy compared with test results. And the multi-scale method can analyze the strength of connections efficiently and accurately.     

DIGITAL GENERATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FIELD OF TURBULENCE FOR FLIGHT SIMULATION

In some special cases of flight simulation (e.g. for formation flight, in-flight tanking) it is required to generate a two-dimensional field of turbulence, in which the turbulent wind speeds are stochastic functions of two coordinates (e.g. x in the flight direction and y in the wing span direction). For this purpose a simple and efficient technique for the digital generation of a two-dimensional field of turbulence,i.e. for the production of turbulent speed sequences on a rectangular network, is proposed in this paper. The correlation of the turbulent field so generated is found to be in good agreement with the theoretical correlation of the turbulence model, and thus the feasibility of the proposed method is verified. Two possible operation modes (off-line and on-line) of the turbulence generator in flight simulation are also discussed.