A toolpath strategy for improving geometric accuracy in double-sided incremental sheet forming

The double-sided incremental forming (DSIF) improved the process flexibility compared to other incremental sheet forming (ISF) processes. Despite the flexible nature, it faces the challenge of low geometric precision like ISF variants. In this work, two strategies are used to overcome this. First, a novel method is employed to determine the optimal support tool location for improving geometric precision. In this method, the toolpath oriented the tools to each other systematically in the circumferential direction. Besides, it squeezed the sheet by the same amount at the point of interest. The impacts of various support tool positions in the circumferential direction are evaluated for geometric precision. The results demonstrate that the support tool should support the master tool within 10° to its local normal in the circumferential direction to improve the geometric accuracy. Second, a two-stage process reduced the geometric error of the part by incrementally accommodating the springback error by artificially increasing the step size for the second stage. With the optimal support tool position and two-stage DSIF, the geometric precision of the part has improved significantly. The proposed method is compared to the best DSIF toolpath strategies for geometric accuracy, surface roughness, forming time, and sheet thickness fluctuations using grey relational analysis (GRA). It outperforms the other toolpath strategies including single-stage DSIF, accumulative double-sided incremental forming (ADSIF), and two-stage mixed double sided incremental forming (MDSIF). Our approach can improve geometric precision in complex parts by successfully employing the support tool and managing the springback incrementally.     

阶梯钻钻削钛合金实验

采用自主磨制的阶梯钻对钛合金进行钻削实验,并与普通麻花钻进行对比。分析了不同加工参数下的钻削力、切屑形态、孔径、孔壁表面粗糙度以及孔出入口毛刺。实验结果表明:钻削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着进给量的增大而增大。相比普通麻花钻,阶梯钻产生的钻削力更小,切屑尺寸更小,排出顺畅,孔径值接近于钻头直径,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,孔出入口毛刺少。     

飞机蒙皮多点成形用复合柔性垫层的结构参数优化

 使用柔性垫层是抑制和消除多点模拉形过程中零件表面缺陷的重要措施。针对常规橡胶垫层的不足，提出了一种以橡胶为基体以金属板条为加强结构的复合结构垫层，对其进行了有限元建模和分析，并从垫层变形控制角度对加强结构的设计参数进行了优化。分析结果表明，加强结构中金属板条宜薄不宜厚，但厚度太薄则无法有效抑制零件的表面缺陷，应控制在0.5 mm左右。而较宽的加强材料的宽度也有利于提高垫层的性能，但过宽的板条会影响垫层的贴模能力，应控制在钉杆截面宽度的80％左右。     

三维超塑成形扩散连接过程的接触算法

对 SPF/DB加工过程中板材的动态扩散连接问题进行了分析 ,该过程属于有限元分析中粘着式接触问题 ,并提出了新的接触判断方法 ,同时采用 Mindlin壳元 ,对非对称双室盒形件的 SPF/DB过程进行了模拟     

钛合金板料热压弯过程数值模拟

采用有限元软件ABAQUS对Ti-6Al-4V合金板料热压弯成形过程进行了模拟,分析了应力应变分布规律和工艺参数对成形过程的影响。研究表明,压弯过程的变形主要集中在大厚度区域中间位置;当板料表面与模具多点接触后,板料由自由弯曲变为校正弯曲,成形力急剧增大;保压600s时板料最大回弹量和上模成形力分别降低84%和94%。在相同工艺条件下的试验结果验证了有限元模拟的准确性。     

TC4钛合金贮箱半球超塑成形模具型面设计

合理布置成形后半球毛坯的壁厚加工余量,并计算超塑成形模具型面的名义加工尺寸.通过分析半球在超塑成形过程中材料变形机理,设计反向预成形模具型面,达到均匀半球毛坯壁厚的目的,使其满足后续加工尺寸的要求.     

薄板拉深过程中的起皱与防皱的探讨

冲压工艺应用十分广泛，拉深是一种常规的冲压工艺方法。失稳起皱是拉深过程中的主要障碍，而压边力是板料成形过程中的重要参数之一，如何有效地防止失稳起皱是从业人员最为关注的问题。论述了薄板拉深过程中常规的防皱措施，提出了在拉深过程中压边力的变化趋势，指出理想的压边力可以随拉深起皱的变化规律而合理变化，并引人变压边力的优化技术概念。     

高韧性芳纶纤维铣削表面质量和铣削力

文摘芳纶纤维复合材料(AFRP)在铣削过程中会产生毛边、起毛、撕裂等缺陷,严重影响材料的装配使用。为解决上述问题对刀具结构、主轴转速、进给速度进行正交实验,从铣削力、铣削表面粗糙度以及铣削表面缺陷等方面研究铣削参数和刀具结构对芳纶纤维复合材料铣削表面质量的影响规律。实验结果表明:主轴转速和进给速度对铣削表面粗糙度和铣削力有显著影响,使用鱼鳞铣刀铣削的表面粗糙度比普通四刃立铣刀的表面粗糙度降低28%,并且毛边宽度较小,铣削表面质量最好,更适合于AFRP的铣削加工。     

静压支撑-单点增量成形制件减薄率研究

为解决单点增量成形制件因减薄不均而产生的破裂问题,将静压支撑技术引入到成形过程中进行辅助成形。首先,对静压支撑-单点增量成形机理进行分析,根据减薄程度对制件进行区域划分;然后,利用数值模拟研究不同静压条件下制件各区域的减薄率变化规律;最后,搭建静压支撑-单点增量成形实验平台验证模拟结果。结果表明,Ⅱ区域减薄率沿结点路径增大,在距离板料边缘37. 5 mm处达到最大值,且随成形深度增加,减薄率在Ⅱ区域中间位置略有降低,至底端附近又有增加。减薄率随静压参数的增大而减小,实验结果和仿真结果的误差小于5%。相比单点增量成形,静压支撑-单点增量成形技术可以有效提高和控制制件壁厚的均匀性,延缓或避免了制件的破裂。     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

复杂曲面导管成形技术研究

复杂曲面管类钣金件作为航空发动机的重要单件,由于其形状复杂且同时具有壁薄、直径小、需与另一钣金件的某部位相配合等特征,加工及外观质量很难保证。本文对复杂曲面导管进行了工艺分析,同时分析了其复杂曲面、小直径凸缘成形的工艺难点。分别从回弹量及尺寸控制、缺陷特征及模具修理、冲压前的零件表面保护3个方面,对复杂曲面的冲压成形控制进行研究,提出了一套复杂曲面的冲压成形控制方法。此外,还提出了一套"能有效改进小直径凸缘轧波成型后的各种缺陷及尺寸超差情况"的校正方法。分析得出"该类复杂曲面和小直径凸缘钣金件成形控制"的一般规律,为后续同类型零件的成形研究打下基础。     

次摆线走刀在高速铣削窄槽结构中的应用

在阐述次摆线参数方程的基础上,基于CAM/HSM技术,将次摆线走刀方式应用于窄槽结构的高速铣削试验中,研究了次摆线走刀的铣削力变化规律、窄槽结构的表面粗糙度及其局部形貌,并建立了次摆线走刀高速铣削窄槽结构的铣削力模型。研究表明:次摆线走刀高速铣削窄槽结构有效可行,加工出了高质量的窄槽型腔表面(Ra=0.142μm);次摆线走刀的铣削力呈周期变化,在走刀平面内,次摆线切削宽度方向上的铣削力是进刀宽度方向上的4倍;采用次摆线走刀加环切走刀策略加工窄槽结构,既改善了窄槽的铣削加工条件,又满足了高速铣削粗精加工的要求和原则。     

涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件整体成形工艺

涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件单位长度直径变化较大,传统的制造方法是采用分体成形、组合焊接工艺,所需工序多、质量控制环节多、使用可靠性差,采用粘性介质压力整体成形方法则可以较好地解决这一问题。通过有限元模拟和试验方法,分析了成形工步、粘性介质粘性附着应力对板材流动及壁厚变化的影响。研究结果表明,粘性介质压力成形可以控制变形区板材的流动,提高成形试件壁厚分布的均匀性,使直径比为1.38零件的壁厚减薄率控制在12%,适合于涡扇发动机异形曲面壳体零件的整体成形。     

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料超低温铣削实验

石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料是一种非均匀的各向异性材料,采用传统铣削方法对其进行加工时存在刀具磨损严重、切削力较大、加工效率低等问题。为此本文采用超低温冷却铣削方法对石英纤维增强聚酰亚胺复合材料进行铣削实验,并与传统干铣削方式进行了对比,分析了包括加工表面形貌、粗糙度、切削力和刀具磨损等切削性能。结果表明:两种工况下,表面粗糙度随主轴转速的提高而降低,随切深的增加呈先降低后增大趋势;相对于干铣削,不同切削速度下超低温冷却铣削有效抑制了低速干铣削纤维起毛、高速干铣削黏结剂烧蚀缺陷,表面质量都得到改善,刀具耐用度得到提高。超低温冷却引起的复合材料切削力增大,纤维断屑方式的改变以及切削热的有效降低是提高加工质量的主要原因。     

Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods(chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment)were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction(CoF) and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature(from room temperature to 500 C), while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.     

旋转条件下切割SiC 单晶片实验研究

通过旋转条件下切割SiC单晶片,分析了切片表面微观形貌特点,研究了线锯速度、工件进给速度和工件转速对切片表面粗糙度与切向锯切力的影响规律。结果表明:增加工件旋转,切片表面平整光滑,沿线锯运动方向没有明显沟槽及凸起,质量明显得到改善;当转速由0增加到12 r/min时,切片表面粗糙度由1.532μm降到0.513μm;线锯速度和工件旋转速度增大、工件进给速度减小,切向锯切力减小,表面粗糙度减小。当线锯速度和工件旋转速度过大,切向锯切力和表面粗糙度反而会有所增加。     

Chatter stability and precision during high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting of a thin-walled titanium cylinder

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries due to their unique mechanical and physical properties. Specifically, thin-walled titanium (Ti) cylinders have received increasing attention for their applications as rocket engine casings, aircraft landing gear, and aero-engine hollow shaft due to their observed improvement in the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, the conventional cutting (CC) process is not appropriate for thin-walled Ti cylinders due to its low thermal conductivity, high strength, and low stiffness. Instead, high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting (HUVC) assisted processing has recently proved highly effective for Ti-alloy machining. In this study, HUVC technology is employed to perform external turning of a thin-walled Ti cylinder, which represents a new application of HUVC. First, the kinematics, tool path, and dynamic cutting thickness of HUVC are evaluated. Second, the phenomenon of mode-coupling chatter is analyzed to determine the effects and mechanism of HUVC by establishing a critical cutting thickness model. HUVC can increase the critical cutting thickness and effectively reduce the average cutting force, thus reducing the energy intake of the system. Finally, comparison experiments are conducted between HUVC and CC processes. The results indicate that the diameter error rate is 10% or less for HUVC and 51% for the CC method due to a 40% reduction in the cutting force. In addition, higher machining precision and better surface roughness are achieved during thin-walled Ti cylinder manufacturing using HUVC.     

复杂异形截面薄壁环形件动模液压成形研究

 液压成形技术是成形薄壁零件的一种有效的解决方法。针对具有异形截面结构的某型发动机高温合金薄壁环形件,提出了液压成形结合动模轴向加载的复合成形方法,依据塑性力学方法和增量理论对成形过程进行了应力应变特征分析,并建立了有限元模型。基于有限元模拟和工艺试验,研究了筒坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中壁厚过度减薄、材料堆积"折叠"、形状不对称等失效形式,提出了优化的工艺参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现复杂异形截面薄壁环形件的整体精确成形,采用优化的筒坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得壁厚分布均匀、成形质量较好的零件。     

阶梯钻钻削碳纤维复合材料的钻削力及孔质量

根据碳纤维复合材料制孔过程中产生的缺陷,自主磨制专用钻头——阶梯钻对碳纤维复合材料进行钻削实验,研究了在不同加工参数下阶梯钻钻削碳纤维复合材料的钻削力、孔出口质量、孔壁表面粗糙度,并与普通麻花钻头进行对比。结果表明:阶梯钻产生的钻削轴向力是麻花钻的一半,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,孔出口没有明显的缺陷,阶梯钻适合钻削碳纤维复合材料。     

考虑刀具偏心的微铣削加工表面粗糙度预测模型研究

基于微铣削刀具轨迹建立了考虑刀具偏心、最小切削厚度的塑性材料微铣削底面粗糙度的预测模型,预测结果表明粗糙度表面形貌呈锯齿状,刀具偏心会影响表面粗糙度的形貌周期和高度,并进行微铣削加工实验,对粗糙度预测模型进行了验证。采用回归统计方法,建立了脆性材料微铣削加工表面粗糙度预测模型,对加工表面形貌进行观察,利用响应曲面法得到了各铣削用量对表面粗糙度的影响规律。