电流辅助钛波纹管成形温度场控制及模拟

利用钛合金的自阻,可以施加电流将其快速加热到高温,进行成形。在钛合金波纹管成形过程中,需要确定4个重要的参数,即加载在钛管上的电流大小、升温时间、胀形气压、轴向压力。通过对波纹管加热过程中温度场的观测和控制,可以得到对波纹管成形最有利的温度场。通过对成形过程的模拟,可以得到比较可靠的试验参数,进而减少试验的次数;模拟中还可以发现成形过程中可能出现的新问题,为之后的试验提供参考。通过对温度场的控制和成形过程的模拟,钛合金波纹管可在几分钟内被加热到成形温度,从而提高生产率,降低对环境的污染;同时采用气胀和轴向加载的复合工艺,有效地避免壁厚的过分减薄。     

Non-isothermal creep age forming of Al-Cu-Li alloy: Experiment and modelling

Non-isothermal Creep Age Forming (CAF), including loading, heating, holding, cooling and springback stages, is an advanced forming technique for manufacturing high performance large integral panels at short production period and low cost. However, the creep deformation and aging precipitation during heating stage is often neglected in experiments and modeling, leading to low forming precision. To achieve shape forming and property tailoring simultaneously, a deep understanding of the non-isothermal creep aging behavior and the establishment of predictive models are urgently required. A new five-stage creep feature of Al-Cu-Li alloy during the non-isothermal creep aging is observed. The microstructural interactions between the dislocations, solute atoms, Guinier Preston zones (GP zones) and T₁ precipitates are found to dominate the five-stage creep aging behavior. The physical-based model considering temperature evolution history is established to describe the five-stage creep feature. The springback and yield strength of non-isothermal creep age formed plates with different thicknesses are predicted and compared by non-isothermal CAF experiments and corresponding simulations. The CAF experiments show that the springback and yield strength of the non-isothermal creep age formed plate are 62.1% and 506 MPa, respectively. Simulation results are in good agreement with experimental results. The proposed model broadens the application of traditional CAF models that mainly focus on isothermal conditions.     

基于高温热管的超燃燃烧室热防护结构

提出了基于先进热管理思想的燃烧室热防护结构.面板采用腔体式平板高温热管，实现面板等温化，降低局部高温区的温度；在热管腔体内部设计燃油冷却通道，实现对超燃燃烧室面板的燃油主动冷却.对其各项性能进行了数值分析，给出了设计参数对系统性能的影响规律，并完成了结构样件研制及石英灯试验考核.典型设计状态下，其单位面积质量为无氧铜面板的35.4%，高温合金面板的38.2%.石英灯局部加热条件下，面板最高温度为1123K时最大温差为80K.相比于传统燃油冷却方式，该型防热结构能够有效提高超燃发动机燃烧室热防护的整体性能，是超燃发动机热防护的一种重要概念.      

θ参数法在涡轮盘蠕变变形分析中的应用

针对某直接时效ZSGH4169涡轮盘的蠕变变形展开研究,建立了16参数的θ参数法模型，对ZSGH4169高温合金在不同温度、不同载荷下的蠕变曲线进行了模拟；将该模型同有限元程序结合，开发了相应的用户子程序，并验证了子程序的计算能力及计算精度；将模型应用于涡轮盘的蠕变分析。结果表明:该模型能够准确模拟ZSGH4169在650℃及700℃下3个阶段的蠕变行为，与Norton率等传统模型相比，建模能力更强且精度更高，特别是能够开展变载、变温等复杂条件下蠕变的数值模拟。进而获得了涡轮盘盘心孔、盘缘螺栓孔两个危险位置处蠕变应变随时间的变化规律以及应力松弛曲线，其具有工程指导意义。      

钛合金铆钉热铆一次合格率提升方法研究

针对现有钛合金铆钉热铆存在的镦头成型不足、镦头表面灼伤、钉头现灰黄色氧化层等问题,分析得出其主要原因是铆接加热时间未精确控制和铆接过程带电,提出了一种钛合金铆钉热铆系统优化方法,基于PLC实现加热时间参数化控制和铆接自动断电功能,通过铆钉加热试验获得多组铆钉温度和对应加热时间数据,采用牛顿插值法得到铆钉加热至目标温度时所需加热时间,形成一套针对不同长度和直径铆钉的热铆工艺参数,最后通过热铆试验确定钛合金铆钉热铆一次合格率获得大幅提升。     

航空复合材料构件精确制造技术探讨及应用

随着军用航空器对作战效能比和民用航空器对燃油经济性要求的不断提升,以碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料为代表的轻量化高性能材料得以在航空器上广泛应用。国内外许多专家、学者对树脂基复合材料构件制造过程进行了大量的研究。复合材料成型工装制造时,应减少支撑块,并使用Invar钢制造的成型工装来提高复合材料构件的制造精度。在复合材料构件成型时,过低的固化压力会造成复合材料构件内部缺陷,低的升温速率和降温速率能够减少温度梯度对复合材料构件变形的影响。通过对工装补偿和优化成型工艺参数来实现盆形零件的精确制造。     

轮盘破裂转速试验研究

“轮盘破裂转速准确预测方法及试验评定研究”作为发动机结构完整性的课题,从理论计算及试验评定两方面研究破裂转速问题,以指导轮盘设计,分析产品盘破裂故障。采用了大变形解析法作为预测轮盘破裂转速的理论计算方法[1],用来指导轮盘的设计,并用模型试验来考核这种计算方法的准确性。显然,模型试验要简便得多,成本低廉,因此可以比较大量和系统地试验各种模型盘,包括有温度梯度和几何形状各异的模型盘,以减少甚至免除产品盘试验工作量。      

6181H18铝合金同步冷却热成形工艺研究

利用Gleeble3500热/力模拟试验机模拟6181H18铝合金同步冷却热成形工艺,采用正交试验研究工艺参数——变形温度T、保温时间t、冷却速度v对成形性的影响,同时对其微观组织进行了研究。结果表明:同步冷却热成形工艺使6181H18铝合金的成形性能得到明显改善,同时使其成形时效后得到很高的强度,达到了变形和强化同步实现的目的,此工艺可以应用于该铝合金。工艺参数合适的组合为:T=500℃,v=60℃/s,t=220s。成形后α基体中析出大量强化相,但较T4状态强化相略粗大,弥散均匀度略差。     

新型半发散结构的冷却特性参数研究

根据席壁冷却的传热模型, 采用数值迭代法, 对席壁的冷却特性参数即壁面热效率和壁面温比进行了计算。结果表明, 席壁的冷却特性参数主要受壁面多孔度和冷却剂热容数的影响, 边界换热条件的影响不显着。与已有的实验数据相比较, 计算结果与之基本符合。      

航空机轮刹车盘的设计改进

本文主要介绍航空机轮刹车盘的设计改进。通过歼×等10多种刹车盘结构改进和数千次试验,摸索了刹车盘的收缩、翘曲变形规律,分析了产生变形的原因,并提出了改进措施,从而提高了使用寿命。     

微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板保护规律的研究

 通过试验认为微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板的保护问题,关键在于控制施焊时焊缝处于700℃以上的加热范围,和700℃到400℃的冷却时间。并论证了以氧的污染层厚度作为钛合金焊接污染程度判据的合理性。本文采用电子探针法对氧污染层厚度进行了测定,求出污染方程。从而。使微束等离子焊接钛合金薄板的污染问题,可通过调整焊接规范进行控制。     

Improving the process forming limit considering forming defects in the transitional region in local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web components

The isothermal local loading forming technology provides a feasible way to form Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components in aerospace and aviation fields.However,the local load ing process forming limit is restricted by forming defects in the transitional region.In this work,the feasibility of controlling forming defects and improving the process forming limit by adjusting die parameters is explored through finite element (FE) simulation.It is found that the common cavum and folding defects in the transitional region are significantly influenced by the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The cavum and folding defects can be effectively controlled by increas ing the fillet radii of left rib and middle rib,respectively.The process forming limits considering forming defects in the transitional region are determined by the stepwise searching method under various die parameters.Moreover,the relationship between the process forming limit and die parameters is developed through the response surface methodology (RSM).The developed RSM models suggest that increasing the fillet radii of left and middle ribs is effective to improve the pro cess forming limit during local loading forming of rib-web components.The results will provide technical basis for the design of die parameters and the reduction amount,which is of great impor tance to control forming defects and improve the process forming limit in local loading forming of Ti-alloy large-scale rib-web components.     

基于神经网络建立液态挤压成形管、棒材工艺参数知识库

 采用人工神经网络方法,将８１组实验数据用于神经网络的建模及检测,建立了液态挤压成形管、棒材工艺参数知识库,可以对该工艺的关键参数进行较为准确的预测,从而为推动该金属成形新工艺的实际应用奠定了基础。     

钛合金板料热压弯过程数值模拟

采用有限元软件ABAQUS对Ti-6Al-4V合金板料热压弯成形过程进行了模拟,分析了应力应变分布规律和工艺参数对成形过程的影响。研究表明,压弯过程的变形主要集中在大厚度区域中间位置;当板料表面与模具多点接触后,板料由自由弯曲变为校正弯曲,成形力急剧增大;保压600s时板料最大回弹量和上模成形力分别降低84%和94%。在相同工艺条件下的试验结果验证了有限元模拟的准确性。     

TC_4钛合金超塑成形/扩散连接组合工艺应用研究

 TC4（Ti-6Al-4V）钛合金板材超塑成形/扩散连接（SPF/DB）组合工艺的可行性和对影响钛板SPF、SPF/DB的主要工艺因素。着重阐述某机框段和舱门的研制情况,提供了合理的工艺参数和流程。     

Modelling internal air systems ingas turbine engines

Rotating-disc systems can be used to model,experimentally and computationally,the flow and heat transfer that occur inside the internal cooling-air systems of gas turbine engines.These rotating-disc systems have been used successfully to simplify and understand some of the complex flows that occur in internal-air systems,and designers have used this insight to improve the cooling effectiveness,thereby increasing the engine efficiency and reducing the emissions.In this review paper,three important cases are considered:hot-gas ingress;the pre-swirl system;and buoyancy-induced flow.Ingress,or ingestion,occurs when hot gas from the mainstream gas path is ingested into the wheel-space between the turbine disc and its adjacent casing.Rim seals are fitted at the periphery of the system,and sealing flow is used to reduce or prevent ingress.However,too much sealing air reduces the engine efficiency,and too little can cause serious overheating,resulting in damage to the turbine rim and blade roots.Although the flow is three-dimensional and unsteady,there are encouraging signs that simple ‘orifice models’ could be used to estimate the amount of ingress into the wheel-space.In a pre-swirl system,the cooling air for the gas-turbine blades is swirled by stationary nozzles,and the air is delivered to the blades via receiver holes in the rotating turbine disc.Swirling the air reduces its temperature relative to the rotating blades,and the designer needs to calculate the air temperature and pressure drop in the system.The designer also needs to calculate the effect of this swirling flow on the heat transfer from the turbine disc to the air,as this has a significant effect on the temperature distribution and stresses in the disc.Recent experimental and computational studies have given a better understanding of the flow and heat transfer in these systems.Buoyancy-induced flow occurs in the cavity between two co-rotating compressor discs when the temperature of the discs is higher than that of the air in the cavity.Coriolis forces create cyclonic and anti-cyclonic circulation inside the cavity and,as such flows are three-dimensional and unsteady,the heat transfer from the discs to the air is difficult either to compute or to measure.The flow also tends to be unstable and one flow structure can change quasi-randomly to another,which makes it hard for designers of aero-engines to calculate the transient temperature changes and thermal stresses in the discs during take-off,cruise and landing conditions.Although recent CFD research has been successful in computing these flows,it will be many years before the designer can rely on computations unless they have been validated on reliable experimental data.      

转静系盘腔转盘风阻温升实验

采用红外测温技术对转静系盘腔转盘风阻温升特性进行了实验研究,利用高速旋转实验台测量了不同流动参数以及转静间隙比下转盘各半径处的壁面温升,并研究了径向出流处增加封严环对于转盘温升量的影响.同时通过CFD数值模拟得到转静系盘腔内流动特点.结果表明:由于风阻引起转盘温升量实际上就是转盘的绝热壁温与环境温度之差,并能通过红外热像仪准确测量.针对无封严开式转静系,转盘温升量主要受到旋转影响,仅在小转静间隙比时,通流的变化才会影响风阻温升.总体上,转静间隙比的改变对转盘温升影响不大.与封严转静系对比可知,在湍流参数较小的情况,封严环的引入会使转盘温度有所升高.      

进气角度对旋转盘冷却效果的影响

为了研究不同的预旋角度对高位进气转静系旋转盘冷却与换热特性的影响,分别在三种预旋进气角度(0°,15°,30°)下对转盘的冷却效果进行了试验。通过试验,得到了每种预旋角度下的温度分布、盘面局部努赛尔特数分布、盘面平均努赛尔特数、转盘无量纲总体平均温度和转盘无量纲径向平均温差等参数。试验结果显示:高位垂直进气的冷却效果最好,预旋15°次之,预旋30°最低。并且流量变化对转盘的冷却效果影响较大,而转盘旋转影响较小。     

Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

叶片轮盘组合体模型的多点激振试验研究

 本文介绍了利用我院研制的电涡流激振器在叶轮组合体模型上实现非接触式多点激振的试验研究情况,分析了试验原理,论证了分离纯模态的激振力布点调力调相准则;列出了各模型的试验结果,并对叶片轮盘耦合振动的若干规律作了探讨。文中,还阐明了在复杂结构振动试验中采用多点激振的意义和需要解决的一些问题。