基于BP神经网络和飞行参数的航段风险评价

飞行运行风险的定量评估对于民航安全保障具有重要意义。设计并实现了一种基于BP神经网络算法的航段风险评价系统。该系统将大量飞行情景参数直接作为飞行风险评估的基础,通过飞行能力评价体系获得飞行运行风险度经验数据,并使用神经网络实现了任意飞行情景的风险度拟合运算。经过真实航班飞行数据的测试和飞行品质监控系统的验证表明,该系统可为进近着陆阶段任意时刻的飞行运行风险评估提供可靠的结果。     

LE-500飞机尾旋试飞的体会

按CCAR-23部适航审定要求对LE-500飞机进行了尾旋试飞。结合LE-500飞机试飞实践，阐述了尾旋试飞的进入和改出，以及退出俯冲的具体操作方法。就尾旋试飞的全过程，即从试飞前的准备到空中实施动作及安全注意事项等进行了总结，提出了新研制的小型飞机尾旋试飞工作的程序和建议。     

Terrain database integrity monitoring for synthetic vision systems

A real-time terrain database integrity monitor for synthetic vision systems (SVS) that are to be used in civil aviation is presented. SVS provides pilots with advanced display technology including terrain information as well as other information about the external environment such as obstacles and traffic. The use of SVS to support strategic and tactical decision-making and the compelling nature of the terrain depiction may require terrain database server certification at the essential and flight-critical levels. SVS and terrain database characteristics are discussed and a failure model is identified. Real-time integrity monitors are proposed that check the consistency between terrain profiles described by the database and terrain profiles that are sensed in flight by either a downward-looking (DWL) sensor or a forward-looking (FWL) season A DWL sensor scheme is discussed in detail and it is shown that this scheme can provide the necessary integrity required for an essential certification of a terrain database server.     

大型运输机飞机信息规划问题探讨

论述了飞机信息规划工作在大型运输机论证和设计中的重要性，分析了大型运输机在飞行作业质量保证、飞机维修保障及飞行事故调查等方面对飞机信息的使用需求，并简要论述了大型运输机飞机信息规划的主要内容。最后特别强调了在大型运输机的飞机信息规划工作中，应组成由使用方为主导、各方联合参加的飞机信息工作组。     

Robust dynamic output feedback control for switched polytopic systems under asynchronous switching

The robust controller design problem for switched polytopic systems under asynchronous switching is addressed.These systems exist in many aviation applications, such as dynamical systems involving rapid variations.A switched polytopic system is established to describe the highly maneuverable technology vehicle within the full flight envelope and a robust dynamic output feedback control method is designed for the switched polytopic system.Combining the Lyapunov-like function method and the average dwell time method, a sufficient condition is derived for the switched polytopic system with asynchronous switching and data dropout to be globally,uniformly and asymptotically stable in terms of linear matrix inequality.The robust dynamic output feedback controller is then applied to the highly maneuverable technology vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.The simulation results show that the angle of attack tracking performance is acceptable over the time history and the control surface responses are all satisfying along the full flight trajectory.     

电子航图在通用航空飞行准备中的应用

以一个飞行准备辅助系统的开发为例，详细介绍了电子航图在通用航空飞行准备中的应用技术和方法，包括地理信息、航行资料和机型性能数据库的建库技术以及航线准备、飞行计划制定方法等内容，可供相关系统的开发人员借鉴。     

智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展

随着航空器飞行环境的日益复杂,对航空器的任务性能需求也不断提升。为了应对飞行安全压力增大、驾驶员操纵负荷增加等问题,从航空飞行控制所面临的问题着手,对人工智能、航空飞行控制的发展历程和后续发展趋势进行初步的探讨。首先,对国内外人工智能技术以及智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展进行简要介绍及分析;然后,结合技术发展趋势对未来智能化航空飞行控制技术的发展趋势进行初步分析;最后,提出了目前航空飞行控制技术智能化发展的初步思路,为后续该领域技术的发展提供参考。     

基于适航的通航飞机左边界飞行安全研究

失速/尾旋一直是通航飞机面临的最严重的左边界飞行安全问题，失速/尾旋事故统计结果表明，具备尾旋改出能力，不能避免失速/尾旋造成灾难性后果。为了避免飞机出现无意偏离可控飞行的趋势，通过对“多重防御”理念和基于此理念修订的失速/尾旋条款及其符合性验证方法的解析，提出通过提升飞行员的状态感知、增强飞机抗偏离特性和降低失控危害程度等层面的通航飞机左边界飞行的多重防御体系构建方法。本文提出的方法有助于通航飞机更好的符合新规章中失速尾旋适航条款的要求，达到提升左边界飞行安全的目的。     

一种多级火箭飞行方案设计的工程方法

提出了一种进行单级和多级火箭飞行方案设计的一般方法。这是一种基于微积分变分原理的工程方法。其目的是根据给定导弹的攻角方案设计其俯仰角方案。最大攻角的优化根据给定的初始设计值采用正交法进行。该方法可以快速地进行多级火箭的飞行方案设计。     

通用航空发展与军民融合培养飞行人才

介绍我国军民融合培养飞行人才的历史脉络,研究我国通用航空的发展对飞行人才培养带来的影响,提出了借鉴外国空军经验、大力普及航空知识、不断改进飞行员培训机制和模式,以及建立科学的飞行军官服役退役制度等措施,以实现飞行人才资源能军民共享、良性互动.     

电子飞行包中飞行程序的矢量化绘制技术研究与实现

飞行程序轨迹的矢量化绘制技术是电子飞行包（EFB）研制中的关键技术之一。针对飞行程序的矢量化绘制需,研究了飞行程序编码、导航数据存储、航段解析转换等技术问题,并采用DELPHl7．0开发工具予以编程实现。最后以西安咸阳机场为例,通过对纸质进离场程序图的编码解析,得到飞行程序航段数据;然后用本文开发的计算软件,实现了对飞行程序的矢量化绘制,可为民航飞机电子飞行包、飞行仿真训练设备等系统中矢量化航图显示的研究提供必的理论和实践应用参考。     

Multipurpose visualization system

This deals with the design and architecture of the low-cost Multipurpose Flight Visualization System (MFVS). The MFVS system was originally developed as a passive IFR approach system for small general aviation planes. A relatively high adaptability is one of the main advantages. It can be easily used with many types of avionics devices. The GPSIINS system is used as the primary data source. The data from the GPSIINS system are pre-processed by proprietary neural network units that feed the 3-D visualization system. The neural network unit is responsible for adaptation of this system and can eliminate problems caused by data delays and data drop-outs. The 3D visualization unit processes data from the neural network unit and eventually from the 6DOF tracker that is placed on the pilot's Head Mounted Display (HMD). The unit then generates a 3D view of the surrounding environment that is similar to the 3D environment the pilot knows from flight simulators. The source of environment data is the terrain and object/obstacle database. The image output can be displayed on HIUD, MED, or HMD.     

Automotive-grade MEMS sensors used for general aviation

The attitude heading reference system (AHRS) provides data for primary flight instruments, head-up displays, autopilots, and moving map navigation systems. Advances in solid-state MEMS rate sensors, coupled with Kalman filter algorithms designed to mitigate high drift rates, provide the basis for low-cost, high-performance AHRS for general aviation. This paper describes the performance of a low cost, miniaturized AHRS using automotive-grade MEMS sensors. The performance of the system is detailed. The implications for certification of this class of system and fault tolerance are discussed.     

基于三维空域网格的低空飞行航迹战略规划方法

针对复杂低空环境下航空应急救援飞行安全问题,提出了一种基于三维空域网格的飞行航迹战略规划方法。将空域网格化分成多个飞行航迹节点,同时考虑地形、气象、飞行规则以及航空器性能等多种约束,使用改进的A*算法搜索单个航空器的最优飞行航迹。在单个航空器初始飞行航迹基础上,结合时间窗原理,提出两种方法解决了多机无冲突航迹战略规划问题。最后,通过案例仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

大型航空运输企业航班恢复系统(RM)应用研究

随着航空公司机队规模和运营航线的不断扩大,在发生大面积航班延误时,航空公司需要快速计算出最优的航班恢复方案。为了提高运行控制效率,探索一种优化控制的方法,根据经济效益、航班正常等不同的目标要求,计算出最优的运行方案,最终达到快速、高效地调配航班。分析了大型航空运输企业不正常航班恢复的主要场景,在此基础上筛选了制约航班恢复的关键约束条件,设计了航班恢复和校验的基本逻辑,通过应对台风处置的实际案例,验证了某大型航司和美国世博公司的航班恢复系统(RM)在实际案例应用中的效果,总结了该航班恢复系统的优点和存在的风险及短板。实践表明,该系统可缩短2 h航班运行恢复时间,平均每个受影响航班减少延误30 min,减少相应的成本2万元,提升整体航班正常率3%~5%。     

飞行仿真技术的发展与展望

飞行仿真技术是系统仿真，计算机和航空等多领域相结合的产物，简要回顾了飞行仿真技术的发展历程，阐述了现阶段飞行仿真技术的应用现状，并对未来飞行仿真技术的发展趋势进行了简单的介绍。     

试飞备降机场评估与选择

针对试飞运行与民航运行的不同,就如何选择试飞备降机场进行分析与研究,并通过对某型飞机在试飞飞行组织实施保障中积累的工作经验的总结,结合民航签派放行关于备降机场的选择方法与民机试飞运行保障特点,提出了民机试飞备降机场保障条件评估方法与试飞备降机场选择方法,为提升试飞安全性及试飞运行FOC系统的建立奠定了基础。     

Electrooptical navigation for aircraft

Concurrently with the development of guidance laws for low-altitude rotorcraft flight operations, efforts are underway to develop automated systems for locating the terrain and the obstacles using inputs from passive electrooptical sensors such as TV cameras and infrared imagers. A passive obstacle location algorithm that uses image sequences from cameras undergoing translational and rotational motion is developed. The algorithm is in a general form and can operate in multicamera imaging environments. Performance results using an image sequence from an airborne camera are given     

航空发动机安全边界与“即用性”燃料认证方法

在航空替代燃料缺乏足够飞行数据,几乎不可能通过有限发动机和飞行实验来评价其安全特性状况下,研究开发了一种简便却可保证适航安全性的方法来研究航空替代燃料的安全性能.“即用性”航空替代燃料被认为是发动机更换最频繁的部件,从而采用相似类比、使用经验方法来验证“即用性”燃料的适航符合性.以航空煤油实际使用经验为基准,提炼燃料性能、燃料系统、燃烧性能、发动机性能、飞机性能5个层次上参数化描述的安全边界,与通过航空替代燃料在5个层次上得到的工作边界进行相似类比,从而预测发动机使用替代燃料的安全性.该方法提炼了替代燃料在发动机安全性上的判定准则,还降低了认证流程的燃料成本和时间成本.      

A system for obstacle detection during rotorcraft low altitudeflight

An airborne vehicle such as a rotorcraft must avoid obstacles like antennas, towers, poles, fences, tree branches, and wires strung across the flight path. Automatic detection of the obstacles and generation of appropriate guidance and control actions for the vehicle to avoid these obstacles would facilitate autonomous navigation. The requirements of an obstacle detection system for rotorcraft in low-altitude Nap-of-the-Earth (NOE) flight based on various rotorcraft motion constraints is analyzed here in detail. It is argued that an automated obstacle detection system for the rotorcraft scenario should include both passive and active sensors to be effective. Consequently, it introduces a maximally passive system which involves the use of passive sensors (TV, FLIR) as well as the selective use of an active (laser) sensor. The passive component is concerned with estimating range using optical flow-based motion analysis and binocular stereo. The optical flow-based motion analysis that is combined with on-board inertial navigation system (INS) to compute ranges to visible scene points is described. Experimental results obtained using land vehicle data illustrate the particular approach to motion analysis