摄动对编队飞行星座相对构型的影响分析

在近圆轨道编队飞行的假设条件下，根据动力学关系推导出了环绕卫星相对参考卫星的运动学简化模型，并以此简化模型为基础，分别研究了大气阻力摄动、日月引力摄动、太阳光压摄动和地球扁率摄动对编队飞行星座的构型影响，着重分析了地球扁率摄动周期项和长期项对构型的影响，并以此对编队轨道设计提出建议。     

地球非球形对卫星轨道的长期影响及补偿研究

首先建立了地球非球形引力摄动模型,通过对地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道的长期影响分析发现,地球非球形引力摄动对卫星轨道升交点赤经和沿迹角的漂移量与时间成近似线性关系;然后推导了通过主动偏置半长轴和倾角的方法来补偿摄动长期影响的计算公式,设计了基于仿真的地球非球形引力摄动补偿方法;最后对GlobalStar星座卫星进行仿真与试验.结果表明,设计的补偿方法是可行的,摄动补偿后在地球非球形引力摄动作用下卫星轨道的长期稳定性得到了很好的保持.     

基于星间链路的星座相对构型保持方法

从巨型星座在自然摄动下轨道运动的力学特性出发，分析了星座构型保持的任务特点。针对轨道面内由大气阻力和面质比差异导致的轨道面内长期相对运动，构造了星座相对构型保持的二阶一致性控制方法。针对星座多个体系统不同的星间链路连接情况和闭环网络特征，提出了不同几何拓扑结构及其相应的图论构造方法。相较于经典的绝对位置保持方法，相对构型保持只需补偿面质比差异造成的构型漂移变化，因此能够以更小的控制代价实现星座的构型保持。以星型链路的拓扑结构为例，进行了星座相对构型保持的仿真分析，离散一致性控制能够实现星座构型长期稳定。     

基于倾角、偏心率隔离的静止轨道多星共位保持策略研究

随着地球静止轨道卫星的增加,有越来越多的静止轨道卫星采用多星共位的方式运行。本文在分析基于倾角、偏心率隔离的多星共位方法的基础上,对共位卫星采用非同步联合控制的保持策略进行了研究,并以三星共位为例对其进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,采用非同步联合控制的保持策略可以实现三星的共位运行。     

基于机械能变化的超低轨道大气密度实时估计

在强大气阻力摄动作用下,超低轨道卫星的轨道高度会迅速衰减,大气密度的在轨实时估计对超低轨道卫星的轨道和姿态控制非常重要。研究了利用机械能变化率实现超低轨道卫星大气密度的实时估计方法,基于轨道摄动理论推导了在地球引力、大气阻力和控制力作用下大气密度的估计公式。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效地估计出大气密度。     

椭圆轨道星座构型自稳定设计研究

椭圆轨道星座构型稳定性要求同时实现升交点赤经、近地点幅角和平近点角的稳定。通过初始偏差对椭圆轨道卫星的长期影响分析可知,轨道半长轴、倾角和偏心率的初始偏差对升交点赤经、近地点幅角和平近点角的长期摄动变化是线性的,因此通过主动偏置轨道半长轴、偏心率和倾角能够实现椭圆轨道星座构型的自稳定设计,从而提高其构型稳定性。对实例星座的设计结果表明,自稳定设计方法对提高椭圆轨道星座的构型稳定性是有效的。     

18参数广播星历分析研究

针对18参数广播星历模型对混合星座（包含GEO（地球同步轨道）、IGSO（倾斜地球同步轨道）、MEO（中地球轨道））的拟合精度和稳定性问题,利用摄动理论中的分析方法研究18参数广播星历模型新增参数的物理意义,通过数值仿真比较分析18参数模型与16参数模型对混合星座的拟合精度和稳定性。分析研究表明,新增2个参数可以较好地逼近轨道变化的长周期项,相同拟合弧长的拟合精度比16参数提高了50%左右,但受短周期项影响,拟合不够平稳,同时由于轨道变化特征的差异,对GEO和IGSO卫星的拟合不如MEO卫星稳定。数值仿真结果表明,要保证稳定性必须增加拟合弧长,但拟合精度会有一定下降,18参数条件下,MEO卫星选用3h拟合弧长能保持很好的稳定性,GEO和IGSO卫星则需要选择5h拟合弧长。     

月球重力场及低轨环月卫星轨道保持仿真分析

为了在满足精度要求的前提下节省月球重力场模型的计算时间,依据Kaula准则分析了目前国际上公认的最精确的两个重力场模型GLGM-2和LP165P,提出了在一定阶次截断重力场模型的问题.通过仿真不同阶次重力场模型作用下轨道高度为50 km的圆形极轨道环月卫星轨道特征的变化,验证了50 km以上高度卫星非球形摄动分析时可以将重力场模型截断至一定阶次的结论,并利用截断至70阶次的重力场模型仿真分析200 km圆轨道卫星一年内轨道下降程度.最后在仿真结果的基础上得到了200 km高度环月卫星需要每50天进行一次轨道保持控制的结论并完成一次轨道保持控制仿真.研究结论可以为我国低轨环月卫星轨道保持提供参考.     

应用非线性模型预测控制的绳系卫星Halo轨道保持控制

针对哑铃型绳系卫星在圆形限制性三体问题(CRTBP)中的Halo轨道保持控制问题,应用非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)方法设计了Halo轨道保持控制器。首先采用摄动法得到目标Halo轨道,通过跟踪目标轨道上一运动点,将其转化为目标跟踪控制问题,然后设计非线性模型预测控制器对其进行跟踪控制。利用4阶Ronge-Kutta法对原非线性模型进行离散化,将预测控制中的有限时域最优问题转化为非线性规划问题进行求解,得到下一周期的控制量。最后通过数值仿真验证了即使在初始位置偏差较大的情况下,所设计的控制器只需要很少的速度增量就可使绳系卫星系统运动至目标轨道,并精确地保持在目标轨道上。     

近地卫星严格回归轨道保持控制

研究了近地卫星基于严格回归参考轨道的轨道保持控制方法：将卫星编队理论引入单星绝对轨道保持控制,提出了"虚拟卫星编队"的概念,分析了卫星轨道相对于参考空间轨迹在轨道摄动情况下的偏离状态及变化趋势,然后根据卫星编队相对运动学,推导出了偏离状态与虚拟卫星编队构形参数之间的对应关系,并设计了以轨道参数超调、偏置及阈值触发为特征的管道保持控制策略。数值仿真结果表明,使用该控制策略能够将卫星轨道保持在以空间参考轨迹为中心的轨道管道内,并且有效减少了因周期性轨道摄动波动造成的管道保持控制量和控制频次。研究成果对于有空间轨迹回归要求的卫星轨道保持控制具有指导意义。     

卫星编队队形保持非线性燃料次优控制

针对卫星编队飞行队形保持推导了一种利用相对轨道根数为反馈量的非线性燃料次优控制算法。该控制算法基于高斯型摄动方程采用Lyapunov控制,控制增益是时变的以便控制某轨道根数时对其余的轨道根数影响最小。这种控制算法接近于燃料最优,且可以调整增益系数来适应推力大小的不同情况。仿真结果表明,该控制方法是有效的,且相比其他的控制算法能够节省更多的燃料。     

一种同步自旋卫星姿态控制优化方法

根据同步自旋卫星姿态的运动规律以及自旋卫星姿态的长期实测数据,建立了姿态变化规律方程,采用最小二乘方法求解姿态变化方程,实现对自旋卫星姿态预测,预测误差小于0.05..针对目前工程应用中姿态保持周期短的问题,结合姿态及轨道倾角变化规律,建立目标姿态选取的约束方程,并利用投影梯度法求解约束方程,寻求姿态保持时间长的姿态控制目标.实际应用结果表明：该方法可以延长姿态控制周期,使自旋卫星姿态保持周期达到1 a.     

LEO navigation augmentation constellation design with the multi-objective optimization approaches

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite for navigation augmentation applications can significantly reduce the precise positioning convergence time and attract increasing attention recently. A few LEO Navigation Augmentation (LEO-NA) constellations have been proposed, while corresponding constellation design methodologies have not been systematically studied. The LEO-NA constellation generally consists of a huge number of LEO satellites and it strives for multiple optimization purposes. It is essentially different from the communication constellation or earth observing constellation design problem. In this study, we modeled the LEO-NA constellation design problem as a multi-objective optimization problem and solve this problem with the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm. Three objectives are used to strive for the best tradeoff between the augmentation performance and deployment efficiency, namely the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), visible LEO satellites and the orbit altitude. A fuzzy set approach is used to select the final constellation from a set of Pareto optimal solutions given by the MOPSO algorithm. To evaluate the performance of the optimized constellation, we tested two constellations with 144 and 288 satellites and each constellation has three optimization schemes: the polar constellation, the single-layer constellation and the two-layer constellation. The results indicate that the optimized two-layer constellation achieves the best global coverage and is followed by the single-layer constellation. The MOPSO algorithm can help to improve the constellation design and is suitable for solving the LEO-NA constellation design problem.     

Elliptical formation control based on relative orbit elements

A new set of relative orbit elements（ROEs）is used to derive a new elliptical formation flying model.In-plane and out-of-plane motions can be completely decoupled,which benefts elliptical formation design.The inverse transformation of the state transition matrix is derived to study the relative orbit control strategy.Impulsive feedback control laws are developed for both in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions.Control of in-plane and out-of-plane relative motions can be completely decoupled using the ROE-based feedback control law.A tangential impulsive control method is proposed to study the relationship of fuel consumption and maneuvering positions.An optimal analytical along-track impulsive control strategy is then derived.Different typical orbit maneuvers,including formation establishment,reconfguration,long-distance maneuvers,and formation keeping,are taken as examples to demonstrate the performance of the proposed control laws.The effects of relative measurement errors are also considered to validate the high accuracy of the proposed control method.     

Basic performance of BeiDou-2 navigation satellite system used in LEO satellites precise orbit determination

The visibility for low earth orbit（LEO） satellites provided by the BeiDou-2 system is analyzed and compared with the global positioning system（GPS）. In addition, the spaceborne receivers＇ observations are simulated by the BeiDou satellites broadcast ephemeris and LEO satellites orbits. The precise orbit determination（POD） results show that the along-track component accuracy is much better over the service area than the non-service area, while the accuracy of the other two directions keeps at the same level over different areas. However, the 3-dimensional（3D） accuracy over the two areas shows almost no difference. Only taking into consideration the observation noise and navigation satellite ephemeris errors, the 3D accuracy of the POD is about30 cm. As for the precise relative orbit determination（PROD）, the 3D accuracy is much better over the eastern hemisphere than that of the western hemisphere. The baseline length accuracy is 3.4 mm over the service area, and it is still better than 1 cm over the non-service area. This paper demonstrates that the BeiDou regional constellation could provide global service to LEO satellites for the POD and the PROD. Finally, the benefit of geostationary earth orbit（GEO） satellites is illustrated for POD.     

First spaceborne demonstration of BeiDou-3 signals for GNSS reflectometry from CYGNSS constellation

The full constellation of Chinese Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) BeiDou-3 has been deployed completely and started fully operational service. In addition to providing global Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) services, the BeiDou-3 satellites transmissions can also be used as the sources of illumination for Earth Observation (EO) with a bistatic radar configuration. This innovative EO concept, known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), allows to measure the Earth surface characteristics at high resolution via the reflected L-band radar signals collected by a constellation of small, low cost and low Earth orbiting satellites. For the first time in orbit, earth reflected BeiDou-3 signal has been detected from the limited sets of raw data collected by the NASA’s Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) constellation. The feasibility of spaceborne BeiDou-3 reflections on two typical applications, including sea surface wind and flooding inundation detection, has been demonstrated. The methodology and results give new strength to the prospect of new spaceborne GNSS-R instruments and missions, which can make multi-GNSS reflectometry observations available to better capture rapidly changing weather systems at better spatio-temporal scales.     

基于地月三角平动点的卫星自主定轨

近年提出了利用地月系平动点建立深空导航星座的设想。在受太阳摄动的真实力模型下,地月系平动点是不稳定的,从而会导致导航星座必须通过控制才能定点在特定区域。针对此问题,引入一种特殊的平动点轨道,即动力学替代轨道。平动点轨道卫星星座可利用星间测距数据自主定轨,由于动力学替代轨道具有长期稳定性,整个自主定轨过程不需要来自地面的测控支持,且定轨精度可达到观测精度。研究结果表明,观测资料的长短、导航卫星垂直白道面的运动分量都将影响到导航星间的自主定轨精度。该研究成果可以应用在以后的地月系导航星座中。     

小卫星星座自主定轨的论证与仿真

在建立星座自主定轨条件方程的基础上,对其求解的可行性进行了分析、论证和仿真计算。结果表明：在仅考虑一阶摄动理论的情况下,升交点赤经总是秩亏的,即使考虑更精密的摄动模型,其条件方程也近似病态。其它根数在很多情况下也有相关性。因此,为了最大限度地满足自主定轨的要求,在星座结构设计时应尽量考虑不同类型轨道的卫星。