GPS多径误差特性与抗多径方法

在近距差分ＧＰＳ等高精度定位中，多径干扰已变成了主要误差差源。本文在分析多径干扰源分析的基础上，考虑了天线的多径抑制效应，建立了ＧＰＳ接收机的伪码跟踪与载波同步复合环的等铲数学模型，并分析了多径参数伪以测量 的误差特性，综合了ＧＰＳ抗多径干扰的各种定位方法。     

扩频统一测控系统角跟踪技术研究

扩频统一测控系统中,在完成伪码捕获、载波跟踪和比特同步之前,利用和差通道信号的相关性,直接对宽带扩频信号进行相关运算实现角度误差信息的提取,是一种简单可行的办法。本文讨论了双通道跟踪接收机的输出角误差信号的信噪比与接收信号的信噪比、信号处理带宽三者之间的关系。     

高动态连续波雷达测量接收机

本文介绍一种高动态测量接收机,它能跟踪高动态特性的飞行器,其载波环的某些功能部件用软件来实现,伪码的跟踪借助载波多卜勒辅助,且在半个码元宽度内就能完成码同步。多卜勒频率和载波相位的测量基于最大似然估计理论,径向距离的测量基于孙子定理。这种接收机结构简单、新颖,测量精度高,成本低廉,特别是能跟踪速度、加速度很大的飞行器,其性能可与最新颖的高动态GPS接收机相媲美。     

GPS高动态接收机跟踪的演示结果

本文给出了高动态GPS接收机的演示实验结果。被试接收机是一台实验板设备,它能在伪距离及其变化率上跟踪一颗卫星的仿真信号。接收机每20ms做一次伪距离及其变化率的近似最大似然估计,利用一个时间常数为0.14秒的三阶滤波器跟踪这些观测量。由于不跟踪载波相位,这就避免了锁相环在高动态下的失锁问题。当接收机处于仿真的50g转弯,加加速度峰值达40g/s时,其伪距跟踪滞后误差小于0.06m。在载波功率与噪声谱密度比为34dB-Hz时,仅由噪声造成的伪距离误差为0.6m(均方根)。接收机信噪比跟踪门限为28dB-Hz,相对于最小卫星信号强度指标,0dBi天线增益,3.5dB系统噪声系数条件下的40dB-Hz信噪比,该门限有12dB的余量。     

基于DSP的高动态数字解扩接收机的研究

讨论了高动态、低信噪比、长伪码序列扩频信号的伪码捕获、跟踪、载波跟踪与数据解调方法。提出了一种基于高速数字信号处理技术和现场可编程逻辑器件 ( FPGA)的全数字高动态解扩接收机方案。     

BOC信号的相关跟踪研究及GALILEO接收机设计初探

Galileo卫星导航系统是欧盟组织研发的新一代完全面向民用的卫星导航系统,使用了BOC(二进制副载波)这一独特的调制方式,研究BOC信号的相关峰特性,对设计接收机捕获跟踪通道是至关重要的。本文简要介绍了Galileo系统导航信号的特征和频率规划,对多种BOC信号的自相关性能、码跟踪方法进行了仿真,并探讨了接收机开发中的关键问题。     

惯导速度辅助下GPS接收机码环的噪声响应和动态跟踪性能分析

 本文推导了C/A码信号相干和非相干接收的GPS接收机码环的动力学方程,分析了码环的噪声响应和动态跟踪性能对码环带宽的矛盾要求,并提出了解决矛盾的方法:惯导速度辅助。分析结果表明:窄带宽码环经精度为1nmile/h的惯导系统速度辅助后,动态跟踪误差为无辅助时的1/1000,接收机将兼有抗强干扰和跟踪高动态的性能。     

INS辅助GPS接收机及抗干扰能力的分析

针对高动态或低信噪比条件下GPS卫星信号容易失锁的特点,根据GPS接收机码／载波跟踪环特性,研究分析了惯性导航（INS）辅助GPS接收机原理及其抗干扰能力。在复杂电磁环境下,INS辅助GPS接收机（特别是紧耦合GPS/INS组合模式）是组合导航的发展方向。     

矢量结构对载波相位的预测

高精度定位通常采用载波相位测距，而当全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收机信号受到遮挡、存在干扰等环境影响时，载波相位易出现跟踪不连续的问题，从而影响定位精度。针对这一问题提出了一种采用矢量结构对载波相位的预测方法，预测值辅助载波相位的跟踪，为了使预测值对载波相位跟踪效果更好，使用接收信号的质量确定预测值对载波相位的影响比例。最后，试验验证了通过矢量结构对载波相位进行预测，有效地改善了载波相位的跟踪能力，从而对载波相位连续跟踪，并有效地提高定位精度。     

北斗导航接收机频率稳定度传递算法

为了提高北斗导航接收机的灵敏度,提升其弱信号跟踪能力,通常需要利用长时间的相干积分来提高环路信噪比。但是,当相干积分时间加长到一定程度时,环路性能反而有所下降,信噪比提升也不能达到理论值。针对由剩余频率误差和晶振误差引起的相干积分能量损失问题,主要研究了频率偏差对环路跟踪性能的影响,并提出了利用频率稳定度传递策略辅助弱信号跟踪的方法,解决了北斗导航接收机弱信号跟踪性能提升的问题,最大程度地改善了相干积分的效果,实现了对弱信号的跟踪。利用软件接收机平台对提出的频率稳定度传递算法进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法可使环路信噪比提升4dB ~5dB,充分说明了其可行性及有效性。     

Receiver-channel based adaptive blind equalization approach for GPS dynamic multipath mitigation

Aiming at mitigating multipath effect in dynamic global positioning system (GPS) satellite navigation applications, an approach based on channel blind equalization and real-time recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is proposed, which is an application of the wireless communication channel equalization theory to GPS receiver tracking loops. The blind equalization mechanism builds upon the detection of the correlation distortion due to multipath channels; therefore an increase in the number of correlator channels is required compared with conventional GPS receivers. An adaptive estimator based on the real-time RLS algorithm is designed for dynamic estimation of multipath channel response. Then, the code and carrier phase receiver tracking errors are compensated by removing the estimated multipath components from the correlators’ outputs. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, this technique is integrated into a GPS software receiver connected to a navigation satellite signal simulator, thus simulations under controlled dynamic multipath scenarios can be carried out. Simulation results show that in a dynamic and fairly severe multipath environment, the proposed approach achieves simultaneously instantaneous accurate multipath channel estimation and significant multipath tracking errors reduction in both code delay and carrier phase.     

GPS code and carrier multipath mitigation using a multiantennasystem

Multipath is a major source of error in high precision Global Positioning System (GPS) static and kinematic differential positioning. Multipath accounts for most of the total error budget in carrier phase measurements in a spacecraft attitude determination system. It is a major concern in reference stations, such as in Local Area Augmentation Systems (LAAS), whereby corrections generated by a reference station, which are based on multipath corrupted measurements, can significantly influence the position accuracy of differential users. Code range, carrier phase, and signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements are all affected by multipath, and the effect is spatially correlated within a small area. In order to estimate and remove code and carrier phase multipath, a system comprising a cluster of five GPS receivers and antennas is used at a reference station location. The spatial correlation of the receiver data, and the known geometry among the antennas, are exploited to estimate multipath for each satellite in each antenna in the system. Generic receiver code and carrier tracking loop discriminator functions are analyzed, and relationships between receiver data, such as code range, carrier phase, and SNR measurements, are formulated and related to various multipath parameters. A Kalman filter is described which uses a combination of the available information from the antennas (receivers) in the multiantenna cluster to estimate various multipath parameters. From the multipath parameters, the code range and carrier phase multipath is estimated and compensated. The technique is first tested on simulated data in a controlled multipath environment. Results are then presented using field data and show a significant reduction in multipath error     

SNR-based multipath error correction for GPS differential phase

Carrier phase multipath is currently the limiting error source for high precision Global Positioning System (GPS) applications such as attitude determination and short baseline surveying. Multipath is the corruption of the direct GPS signal by one or more signals reflected from the local surroundings. Multipath reflections affect both the carrier phase measured by the receiver and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A technique is described which uses the SNR information to correct multipath errors in differential phase observations. The potential of the technique to reduce multipath to almost the level of receiver noise was demonstrated in simulations. The effectiveness on real data was demonstrated with controlled static experiments. Small errors remained, predominantly from high frequency multipath. The low frequency multipath was virtually eliminated. The remaining high frequency receiver noise can be easily removed by smoothing or Kalman filtering     

GPS多径信号的自适应滤波估计方法

 研究全球定位系统(GPS)多径信号估计的问题。通过分析自适应滤波器的原理,建立了数字中频信号处理的数学模型,提出一种用自适应滤波实现GPS多径幅度、码相位和载波相位估计的方法。该方法采用不同延迟的伪随机序列对信号进行解扩、解调和累加,得到了作为期望信号的系列自适应滤波相关值。对该方法与其他3种方法进行了理论上的分析比较,得出本方法具有信噪比高、自适应滤波性能好、带有码相位信息和不存在载波模糊度问题等优点。根据各种滤波器算法的特点和本应用的需求,给出了选用递归最小二乘算法实现的方法。通过计算机仿真,验证了提出的方法能够在14 dB的信噪比下,以1个采样间隔的时间延迟分辨率和0.005周的载波相位估计精度估计出GPS L1的多径信号。     

Performance analysis of GPS carrier phase observable

The accuracy analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase observable measured by a digital GPS receiver is presented. A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is modeled to extract the carrier phase of the received signal after a pseudorandom noise (PRN) code synchronization system despreads the received PRN coded signal. Based on phase noise characteristics of the input signal, the following performance of the first, second, and third-order DPLLs is analyzed mathematically: (1) loop stability and transient process; (2) steady-state probability density function (pdf), mean and variance of phase tracking error; (3) carrier phase acquisition performance; and (4) mean time to the first cycle-slipping. The theoretical analysis is verified by Monte Carlo computer simulations. The analysis of the dependency of the phase input noise and receiver design parameters provides with an important reference in designing the carrier phase synchronization system for high accuracy GPS positioning     

Gating Functions for Multipath Mitigation in GNSS BOC Signals

A new multipath mitigation technique is proposed for binary offset carrier (BOC) signals in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) using the concept of gating function originally conceived for the GPS coarse-acquisition (C/A) code. Specially-tailored pulses are utilized to diminish the number of false-lock points of the code discriminator response and to improve the multipath mitigation capability. The code loop includes only four real correlators (two extra correlators are required for the simplified bump-jumping algorithm with BOC(n,n) signals). Results obtained with BOC(n,n) and BOC(2n,n) signals show that this technique eliminates the multipath ranging errors for reflected rays with relative delays typically above twenty percent of the spreading code chip duration, thus comparing favorably with the conventional receiver correlation techniques.     

基于调制域增强副载波剥离的 GPS M码授权码流提取方法

针对 GPS M码授权码流获取问题,提出 1种新的基于调制域增强副载波剥离的方法。该方法利用 GPS C/A码和 M码码片起始位的相关性,在调制域上利用 BOC调制短码信息对 GPS M码信号进行累加增强,获取授权码流。首先,利用公开的 GPS C/A码辅助获取 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位;然后,分别利用获得的 GPS信号载波相位和 C/A码码相位,完成 GPS C/A码与交调量的剥离以及 M码授权码的初始相位对准;进一步,利用 BOC调制短码信息在调制域上实现累加增强,完成副载波剥离,获得 GPS M码授权码流;最后,利用实际采集信号对所提方法有效性进行了验证,并与现有方法进行了对比。结果表明,所提方法能够克服带宽内 P(Y)信号旁瓣能量对 M码授权码提 取的影响,可带来 3.5 dB左右的性能改善。     

一种非视距信号环境下智能手机速度平滑定位方法CSCD

随着智能手机的普及,基于智能手机的位置服务深刻地影响了人们的生活。通常,智能手机内嵌有全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)芯片,通过跟踪导航卫星信号获得载波频率、载波相位和码相位信息,从而解算位置和速度信息。对于单点定位(SPP)技术而言,位置主要由码相位计算确定,而速度信息主要由载波多普勒频移信息计算确定。在复杂城市环境下,GNSS信号可能会被周围的建筑物反射,形成非视距(NLOS)信号。NLOS信号会导致额外的传输路径,并引起数十米的位置误差。由于速度比位置更精确,通常使用卡尔曼滤波器(KF)进行基于位置-速度(P-V)动态模型的位置平滑。提出了一种因子图优化(FGO)方法来减少NLOS引起的位置误差,将时间相关历史测量值添加到FGO中以优化当前位置估计,并采用两种鲁棒策略来减小NLOS条件下的位置偏差。最后,使用智能手机采集实际场景数据集进行了实验,结果表明FGO方法在速度辅助下可以获得更好的定位结果。     

Modeling and analysis for the GPS pseudo-range observable

In this paper, a digital system for the Global Positioning System (GPS) pseudo-range observable is modeled and analyzed theoretically. The observable is measured in a GPS receiver by accurately tracking the pseudorandom noise (PRN) code phase of the input GPS signal using a digital energy detector and a digital delay lock loop (DDLL). The following issues are presented: (1) mathematical modeling of the digital PRN code acquisition and tracking system, (2) the closed-form expression derivation for the detection and false-alarm probabilities of the acquisition process and for the variance of code phase tracking error, and (3) the linear and nonlinear performance analysis of the DDLL for optimizing the receiver structures and parameters with tradeoff between the tracking errors due to receiver dynamics and due to input noise