FPGA-based military avionics computing circuits

There are processing requirements for military avionics applications in excess of 10/sup 10/ operations per second. Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) support these types of processing rates, and also offer other advantages (i.e., lower cost, lower power consumption, and smaller size) for military avionics relative to alternate types of processing solutions. This paper discusses the need for very high performance computing in military avionics, with precision guided munition (PGM) applications used as an example of this need. It presents a model suggesting continued rapid improvements in FPGA processing capability, and it analyzes the utility of FPGAs as processing engines in terms of processing capability, cost, power consumption, and size. It presents several examples of the use of FPGAs as processing engines which validate the model, and it also uses these examples to describe various FPGA-based processing engine implementation techniques.     

子母弹不同舱段分离流场特性及运动特性研究

为研究子弹药在不同装配舱段下抛撒分离过程的干扰气动特性,以2层弹舱轴向排布子母弹系统为模型,基于有限体积法,结合非结构动网格技术,通过耦合求解任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)描述下的三维非定常可压缩N-S流体控制方程及六自由度刚体运动方程,对时序抛撒方式下子弹在不同舱段分离的三维非定常流场进行了数值模拟。得到了不同舱段下子母弹分离流场的干扰特性及子弹药气动参数变化曲线,分析了子弹分离过程的运动特性,揭示了子弹与母弹激波在不同分离阶段的相互作用过程。为进一步研究子母弹分离干扰流场机理提供了依据。     

Bomb damage assessment using a dispensed sensor projectile

The problem of obtaining images of a target site after munition impact is approached by releasing a small projectile equipped with a camera from a dropped munition. A ballute is deployed from the sensor projectile shortly after release from the munition. This type of system is capable of viewing munition impact and subsequent target effects over a wide variety of conditions and offers the possibility of real-time battle damage assessment (BDA). However, fundamental limits exist on the duration that the camera is able to view the target after impact for a particular required separation distance between the sensor projectile and the target at impact and the field of regard (FOR) of the camera. Munition release altitude and velocity significantly affect these fundamental limits. Optimal performance is attained under high altitude and low speed munition drop conditions. Basic characteristics of the camera projectile also significantly influence system performance. Maximum target view time is attained with a low weight high drag configuration., To reduce the maximum acceleration experienced by the sensor projectile, a small delay time between the release of the small sensor projectile from the munition and inflation of ballute is required.     

基于GA和ARMA模型的制导弹药技术状态预测

针对定期检测判断制导弹药技术状态影响弹药寿命和实时性较差的问题,提出了基于遗传算法(GA)优化的自回归与移动平均(ARMA)模型制导弹药技术状态预测方法。在获取到制导弹药状态特征量历史检测数据的基础上,采用遗传算法对ARMA模型的阶数进行优化,通过实例将遗传算法优化后的ARMA模型与经典ARMA模型的预测结果进行比较分析,结果表明,经过优化后的ARMA模型具有更好的预测效果。该方法提高了制导弹药技术状态确定的实时性,对降低、消除制导弹药故障危害具有实际意义。     

Optimal Target t Designation Techniques

Studies of signal processing techniques are presented for achieving optimal autonomous acquisition of stationary targets located in a moderately intense nonhomogeneous radar ground clutter background. The process of target acquisition comprises three basic functions: 1) target detection, 2) target selection or designation, and 3) reacquiring the target for tracking. It is the second of these functions, i.e., autonomous designation of a target, that is the subject of this discussion. Theoretical analyses and predictions of the probability of correct target designation for two acquisition search methods are presented and compared with results achieved using real radar imagery.     

小型巡飞弹电动推进系统设计及试验验证

为快速获得满足工程需要的小型巡飞弹电动推进系统,采用螺旋桨涡流理论和一阶电动机模型建立了电动推进系统效率计算模型。以巡飞弹巡航阶段电动推进系统效率最高为目标,将爬升阶段巡飞弹所需推力及对应的反扭矩作为约束对桨机参数进行了快速优化设计,得到了电动机与螺旋桨的设计指标。根据该设计指标开展了电动机测功试验,完成了电动机选型;利用Kriging代理模型对螺旋桨进行了详细优化设计,并计算了完整的气动参数。针对设计得到的巡飞弹电动推进系统开展了风洞吹风试验,结果显示螺旋桨理论计算与试验测试误差在85%以内,巡航阶段电动推进系统效率设计结果与测试结果误差在27%以内,表明所提出的电动推进系统设计方法合理有效,能够为此类巡飞弹设计提供一定程度理论指导。      

全站仪检测数据管理系统

介绍了全站仪检测数据管理系统。本系统以FoxPro for Windows为基础，采用模块结构，具有对检测数据录入修改，自动转换，成果计算，查询显示等功能，实现了系统数据管理和处理的一体化。     

Enhanced space integrated GPS/INS (SIGI)

Safe, reliable, and low cost space-based navigation is being provided with embedded INS/GPS systems such as the space integrated GPS/INS (SIGI). The SIGI is being used for various space vehicle applications such as launch vehicles, orbital vehicles, and re-entry vehicles. This paper describes current space vehicle navigation capabilities. The SIGI is being enhanced to provide additions to these existing capabilities with such items as higher processing and a commercial-off-the-shelf operating system. This will allow hosting of various software applications such as advanced navigation functions, flight control, guidance and vehicle management algorithms. The SIGI can host redundancy management functions by incorporating a cross channel data link card (CCDL) using a high speed firewire bus. The SIGI can then be used as a redundancy management platform which has application to current space vehicle avionics topologies incorporating distributed processing architectures     

Phase quantized SAR signal processing: theory and experiments

A complete theory of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processing from phase-only data is presented, for both analogue and coded raw signals and reference functions. Appropriate processing architectures are presented as well as quality indexes to judge performance of the selected coding. The analysis encompasses both images and interferometric fringes for interferometry SAR (IFSAR) application. Theoretical results are validated by a large number of experiments, comparing the performance of the suggested coding levels, and their combinations between raw and reference functions. Experiments are extended until the comparison of final digital elevation models     

耐久性分析中疲劳断口 CCD 图象处理技术的研究

 针对结构耐久性分析对模拟试件断口（a,t）数据判读的迫切需求,利用计算机图象处理技术建立了一套用于疲劳断口数据采集、判读的CCD图象处理系统,编制了相应的数据处理应用软件。该系统可实现疲劳断口条纹尺寸测定、区域面积积分、裂纹角度测量等功能。且具有自动化程度高、操作简单、使用方便、准确度高、图象数据可存储、打印输出与重复使用等明显优点。并已成功地应用于某型飞机关键结构的耐久性评定。     

Optimum Signals for High-Resolution Radio Transmission Systems

This paper reports on progress in signal design that has led to improvedresolution capability in radar and communication systems without theuse of complicated signal-processing techniques.Two approaches to the problem of improving resolution capabilityare made. The first approach emphasizes the need to produce sharplypeaked autocorrelation functions. The optimum signal amplitude infrequency is specified to accomplish this, and the spectral density ofthe deterministic signal is shown to satisfy a homogeneous Wiener-Hopfequation. The second approach emphasizes the need to producelow and flattened cross-correlation functions, in order to distinguishthem (since they correspond to error outputs) from the sharply peakedautocorrelation functions. With the use of stationary phase integration,a detailed method for producing any desired cross-correlationamplitude is presented. In particular, the techniques necessary to producesinusoidally modulated cross-correlation functions are discussed.These tools are applied to a realistic N-signal processing system,and the resulting optimum signals are shown to be amplitude-modulatedchirped sinusoids. Detailed examples for physically justifiablesystem parameters are included.     

Automatic Target Recognition: Some Considerations

Machine analysis of aerial reconnaissance data is desirable. New acquisition techniques, equipment, and sensors, plus a growing demand for rapidly obtained, accurate information necessitate machine performance of tasks presently accomplished by observers and interpreters. Many of these tasks can be described as pattern recognition or information processing functions. This paper discusses significant problems encountered when attempting to identify objects or regions automatically from aerial photography. Problems include sensor distortions, variations in target environment, and concepts of design and ?teaching? of an actual device. Operational requirements such as processing speed and flexibility restrict the types of solutions available. Approaches to target recognition with relative merits and shortcomings are presented; these include shape correlation, feature extraction, and image quantization. The effect of mission requirements on system parameters is discussed. A bibliography is included.     

制导兵器飞行力学研究方向综述

介绍了国外制导兵器的发展概况，主要针对反坦克导弹，制导炮弹，末敏弹药，远程简易制导火箭和制导炸弹。并根据制导兵器发展的需要，提出了制导兵器飞行力学研究领域的一些主要研究方向。     

联合制导攻击武器六自由度系统仿真

重点分析了GPS/IN S复合制导系统及激光导引头的工作原理和建模方法,同时介绍了增程套件的原理,并设计了方案弹道。通过六自由度弹道仿真,比较了增加组件前后联合制导攻击武器的性能指标。研究结论对我国现有库存常规炸弹的制导化改进有一定的参考价值。     

Design of a space-based radar signal processor

Space-based radar (SBR) is capable of providing flexible wide-area coverage of air, land, and sea targets. Numerous studies have been carried out in the United States and Canada in recent years to investigate different concepts for SBR. The design of a suitable radar signal processor (RSP) is challenging due to the effects caused by the moving platform on target integration and clutter spectral spread. A candidate RSP is described that uses a corporate fed array (CFA) antenna as its primary radar sensor. The algorithmic definitions of the signal processing functions are provided; the relationships between these functions and the reasons for their location in the signal processing chain are also discussed. In addition, techniques for reducing the computational requirements are also presented     

A Generalized Clutter Computation Procedure for Airborne Pulse Doppler Radars

A general procedure for analyzing ground clutter effects in airborne pulse Doppler radars is described. The quantity computed is the expected clutter power at the output of any specified range gate/ Doppler filter processing cell. The procedure has been computerized and is quite general with respect to antenna gain pattern, clutter cross section variation, PRF, pulse and range gate shapes, and the various receiver processing functions. It is applicable only to distributed ground clutter and linear processing, and excludes the dynamic effects of continuous antenna scanning. To exemplify the use of the procedure, two studies conducted for a postulated high PRF radar are described, and the results are presented.     

关于多元函数的二阶混合偏导数不相等的例子

指明考察多元函数的二阶混合偏导数不相等问题的理论依据，给出两类二元函数的二阶混合偏导数不相等的例子，并说明在此基础上取得新例子的方法。     

微型计算机数据采集与处理的小型系统

介绍了一种利用微型计算机进行数据采集与处理的小型系统。文中对系统的硬件配置，性能和特点以及软件的编制原则，方法和应用细节等，均作了简要说明。最后，列举了常规数据和高频动态信号的采集，处理结果实例。本文对于科学实验与工业上的信号检测研究提供了参考。     

Digitally Controlled Receiver

Digital computers have evolved to an active role as components in communication systems, performing such functions as data processing, executive and adaptive control, management of waveform, and antenna characteristic selection. At one time, the interface between communication equipment and data processing was clear. At present, however, the computer is capable of accomplishing, by using digital techniques, so many classically analog functions that there is basically no interface. The discussion considers the extent to which this trend toward full utilization of digital techniques can and should be extended.     

A SAR processor based on two-dimensional FFT codes

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processor approach based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) codes coupled with an asymptotic evaluation of the unit response function is presented. For the latter, no approximation is made to the distance function, so that the full range of geometric aberrations is analytically considered, enabling an effective reference filter to be designed. The two-dimensional FFTs were designed as to run on computers of very limited memory: the required FFT is computed by means of FFTs of lower order. Two FFT codes were considered: one is faster and allows full or reduced (quick look or multilook) resolution performance to be obtained easily; the second is slower but allows the use of a space-varying filter and/or investigations on limited portions (zoom) of the image. Both codes are suited to parallel processing, e.g. by a transputer net. A full discussion on computer memory and time requirements is presented as well as first examples of image processing results