用于光纤F-P声压传感器的直流补偿解调技术研究

提出了一种改进的双腔直流补偿技术，用于解调非本征法布里-珀罗干涉(EFPI)光纤传感器，以消除腔长差与入射光波长相匹配的要求。通过消除直流分量和校准信号相位，可以从具有任意相位差的原始信号中获 得两路正交信号。通过理论仿真，制作了具有不同腔长差的EFPI光纤传感器，对所提出的方法进行了试验验证。 结果表明，该方法在解调双 F P腔 EFPI传感器时，不需要保证初始相位差恒定，且对腔长漂移不敏感，具有良好的 稳定性和实用价值。     

基于公共余数最优估计的多通道干涉SAR高程重建方法

针对多通道干涉SAR高程重建方法计算效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于公共余数最优估计的多通道干涉SAR快速高程重建方法。该算法首先对干涉相位去除平地效应后,得出每幅干涉图像任意一个像素对应的缠绕干涉相位,构造出关于干涉相位模糊数的同余方程组;然后利用最优估计法求解出带噪声余数的公共余数的最优估计值,求解出各目标的高程值;最后再利用改进措施得到更高精度的高程重建结果。试验数据处理结果表明,该方法使得多通道干涉SAR高程重建的计算效率有了显著提升。     

基于幅度和相位联合的ATI动目标检测新方法

分析了影响SAR-ATI动目标检测干涉相位图中点幅度和相位分布的因素——包括雷达噪 声、杂波能量、地面RCS起伏以及成像时的旁瓣等.针对SAR-ATI检测时虚警概率过高问题, 基于幅度门限和相位门限联合动目标检测处理,提出了一种改进方法:首先对SAR每一个 通道的图像域中相位被污染的点作一次关于能量梯度的预滤波,在滤除了干涉相位图中相位 失效的点之后,根据雷达的固有噪声及干涉相位分布图,在概率意义下设定滤波门限进行 自适应幅度滤波;最后采用相位门限进行检测处理,有效降低了虚警概率;同时给出一个 由干涉相位图中统计量拟合出的动目标检测曲线经验公式,能够明显降低在低杂噪比条件下 的虚警概率.仿真结果验证了此方法的有效性.      

相位自动跟踪检测系统

介绍一种适用于自动化的相位跟踪检测系统。该系统采用新的相位测量方法——平均相位角法,消除了过零触发电路中固有的直流电平带来的相位偏移引起的相位测量误差。同时,设计了新颖的用于自动测量的相对计数时间/频率转换电路,在激光干涉比长仪1m行程内实时检测相位变化,保证了激光干涉比长仪的测量精度,提高了自动化程度。     

多弱连接扇形超流体干涉栅陀螺的性能分析

针对传统超流体干涉栅陀螺中梯度热相位的引入使得角速度信息被无用信息淹没而不易提取的突出问题,提出了一种无梯度热相位的多弱连接扇形超流体干涉栅陀螺结构,并对该陀螺的精度和灵敏度性能进行了深入的研究。首先在明晰了干涉栅结构中梯度热相位形成机理的基础上,设计了无梯度热相位且相邻干涉环路面积相等的新型干涉栅陀螺结构。其次建立了该陀螺的数学模型,验证了陀螺敏感角速度的过程。最后对该系统的角速度检测范围和灵敏度进行了深入分析,探究了敏感面积、薄膜面积、约瑟夫森频率、微孔数目和弱连接数对超流体干涉栅陀螺检测角速度的影响,通过仿真对比分析,验证了该结构陀螺的超高精度、超高灵敏度性能。     

面向"CE-3号"软着陆过程的深空网干涉测量技术

针对"CE-3号"探测器软着陆过程中弹道位置测定的问题,利用中国深空网干涉测量测轨数据,论述并验证了应用深空网干涉测量技术支持探月卫星软着陆过程中弹道位置测定的可行性。针对提取同一时刻观测量的两个核心技术,论述了自适应模型重构算法以及干涉相位解模糊算法,克服了软着陆过程航天器机动不确定性恶化轨道预报精度,进而引起相关引导模型失效的问题;利用跟踪过程中目标干涉相位连续特性递推实现干涉相位解模糊。实测数据的处理分析表明,深空网干涉测量数据处理分析精度在0.3ns量级,对应于约30nrad的角位置精度。     

基于小波变换的干涉SAR图像的降噪方法

根据干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的噪声来源和性质以及干涉合成孔径雷达信号处理的特点,选择了具有对称性和紧支性的双正交小波变换应用于干涉SAR图像的噪声抑制,提出了基于小波标架表示的干涉SAR相位图像的降噪算法.与传统的低通滤波器及中值滤波器处理的结果对比显示,利用小波变换方法处理干涉合成孔径雷达图像以提高干涉相位精度的方法是可行的,并且小波变换方法是基于观测数据的自适应算法.      

高精度相位参考甚长基线干涉测量技术与试验验证

摘要：由于探测距离远,火星探测任务对干涉测量具有很强的精度需求。首先描述了相位参考甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)原理,介绍了弧段内干涉相时延解模糊方法,阐述了弧段之间相互参考解算干涉相时延流程,给出了测量误差分析,并利用中国佳木斯深空站、喀什深空站针对射电源对1633+38和1641+399开展了相位参考VLBI试验验证。结果表明,消除模糊度后,相位参考时延精度优于0.1ns。这为提高中国未来深空探测器角位置精度提供一种可行的技术途径。     

面向绕月交会对接的同波束VLBI研究

针对"嫦娥5号"(CE-5)探测器间高精度相对测量需求,设计了我国深空干涉测量处理中心框架下的同波束VLBI处理算法,分析了X波段同波束VLBI相位解模糊条件和结果;通过引入群时延辅助的相位干涉技术,大幅抑制了干涉时延随机误差,为同波束VLBI中相位解模糊提供了先验条件;利用CE-5对接实测数据验证了本文工作的有效性,为CE-5任务同波束VLBI的实施奠定了基础。     

一种基于探测器下行信号融合处理的无线电干涉测量方法

针对深空探测器常用下行信号体制,结合无线电干涉测量特点,提出了一种基于探测器DOR信标信号和数传信号融合处理的干涉测量方法。该方法首先通过相关处理得到DOR信号和数传信号的差分相位,利用DOR信号进行带宽综合得到时延估计,并构建时延模型;然后,利用时延模型得到DOR信号与数传信号在数传载波处的相位差,并以此对数传信号差分相位进行补偿;最后,利用DOR信号差分相位和补偿后的数传信号差分相位进行带宽综合,实现高精度干涉测量。深空探测网数据处理结果表明融合处理后时延估计随机误差明显降低;但受介质时延误差影响,融合处理对系统时延精度的改善幅度有所减小。该方法仅通过改进干涉测量数据处理方法即实现了时延估计随机误差的改善,不仅提高了信号使用效率,而且增强了航天测控系统的鲁棒性,在应急测控背景下具有特殊意义。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.