近地空间目标监视网设计

本文首先根据空间目标监视对监视网的基本要求,提出了近地空间目标监视网的完备性概念,进而根据空间监视的机理,对其进行了时空分解,其次,结合近地目标的轨道特性和空间分布特性,分析给出了监视设备的空间监视能力表达式,并据此描述了近地空间目标监视网的设计要点,最后,给出了一个局部地基近空间目标监视网的设计示例,以说明以上内容的具体应用。     

空间目标地基光电探测与识别技术的发展

空间目标地基光电探测与识别技术是空间态势感知的主要技术手段之一。首先归纳了空间目标的典型光学特征,分析了用于轨道与光学特征探测与识别的两类光电望远镜特点,梳理了国外空间目标光电探测与识别技术的发展历程,简要总结了空间目标地基光电探测与识别技术和应用需求间的主要问题,展望了空间目标光电探测与识别技术的未来发展方向。     

基于立体观测的空间目标天基光学监视定位

利用天基观测平台实现对空间目标的有效监视是空间监视的发展方向和必然趋势。本文提出充分利用天基光学观测灵活性,采用基于双／多星立体观测定位的方法,提高空间目标监视定位效能,并就系统观测条件进行分析。     

空间目标光电巡天策略的优化

随着空间目标与碎片数量的激增,传统的基于目标跟踪的空间目标光电监视手段已不能满足需求,近年出现了面向空域的空间目标巡天观测。针对空间目标巡天观测的特点,同时考虑空间目标观测的目标个数和数据量,提出了一种空间目标巡天观测策略,并建立了相应的空间目标光电巡天优化数学模型。模型中通过0-1变量的使用,实现了目标函数和约束条件的线性化,十分有利于大规模问题的求解,能够更好地满足实际需求。仿真计算表明:策略简单,易于实现,并且有很好的效果;通过优化,只需要少量望远镜即能实现大批量空间目标的监视,并保持一定的观测数据量,为空间目标光电监视策略提供了新的思路。     

基于单星测轨进行LEO和GEO目标编目

针对既有天基探测的不足,本着降低卫星制造难度、使用复杂度,拓展监视对象的原则,针对编目测轨所需,论证设计了一个采用零倾角、9 000km高度轨道,装有7个可见光探测器,以空域监视方式支持空间目标编目测轨的构想。该构想只需1颗卫星,即可形成空间目标编目所需的测轨,独立支持LEO（低地球轨道）和GEO（地球同步轨道）目标的编目管理,具有战略、战术双重价值。     

天基近地轨道空间监视雷达卫星重访效能分析

空间目标监视系统是空间态势感知的重要支撑，为克服地基观测系统时空监视能力的限制，基于天基平台的空间目标监视技术是空间目标监视领域技术发展的必然趋势。天基监视雷达是天基监视技术的重要组成部分，着眼于未来空间监视的需要，必须开展天基雷达相关技术的研究。本文分析了近地轨道空间卫星间相对距离变化的周期性，以此为基础给出了天基雷达对观测目标的重访特性，为天基空间监视雷达卫星星座系统的设计提供了理论基础。     

空间目标红外辐射特性分析

研究空间目标的红外辐射特性,对于探测识别空间目标、监视空间碎片、保障卫星运行安全等问题有重要意义.本文以空间卫星为目标,分析了其红外辐射特性形成的原理,依据空间目标的热平衡方程,应用节点网络法求解目标表面的温度分布,并结合普朗克定律推导空间目标红外辐射度的计算方法,在分析总结相关资料的基础上得到了求解空间目标红外辐射特...     

空间目标控制与信息处理技术的研究内容和应用现状

星际空间目标识别、探测以及开发利用，将是21世纪人类关注的热点领域，也是进一步推动科学技术不断发展的动力之一。本文讨论了空间目标控制与信息处理技术研究的主要内容以及涉及的基础理论；重点介绍了与空间目标控制与制导以及信息处理密切相关的估计方法的发展现状以及存在的问题；最后，简单分析了未来空间活动将面临的课题和有关方法的发展方向。     

空间监视的“千里眼”

作战讲究知己知彼,百战不殆,只有对自己和对方的情况都有透彻的了解才有胜算的把握,空间作战亦是如此,而空问监视网承担了知彼的重任。它能够监视运行在空间轨道上的卫星等各种目标的一举一动。在这个并不安宁的世界里,能够做到知彼的空间监视网,不言而喻是一个国家国防建设的重要组成部分。空间监视网包括各种地基雷达、卫星和跟踪望远镜及深空望远镜等,其中各种地基     

空间目标天基光学混合状态SPKF跟踪方法

根据天基光学监视特点,利用直角坐标系和修正极坐标系分别在状态外推和状态更新上的优势,并引入UT变换避免空间目标非线性运动方程线性化外推的截断误差影响,实现对空间目标在混合状态空间的三维被动跟踪滤波。仿真结果表明,该方法在收敛性和稳健性上更有优势。     

Search radar detection and track with the Hough transform. III.Detection performance with binary integration

For pt.II see ibid., vol. 30, no 1, (Jan. 1994). This paper considers how well a Hough transform detector with binary integration improves the performance of a typical surveillance radar. For Hough transform detection, binary integration offers some advantages over noncoherent integration when multiple targets appear in range-time space or when the detector receives signals with a wide range of power. We derive expressions for P_F and P_D for a Hough transform binary integrator and apply the expressions to a typical surveillance radar. The results show that for the case considered, the binary Hough integrator improves the power budget of the radar by about 3 dB for a nonfluctuating target and 1 dB for a highly fluctuating target     

幸运成像技术的发展现状及启示

幸运成像技术可以消除大气湍流对光学测量图像的影响,获得空间目标的高分辨力图像。在空间目标探测与天文目标观测领域有着良好的应用前景。本文在综述幸运成像技术国内外研究现状的基础上,归纳了＂幸运成像＂的技术特点,并据此对我国幸运成像技术的应用和发展提出了个人建议,认为将幸运成像技术用于自适应光电望远镜,用于靶场高帧频图像的事后处理,并实现其准实时化,是该技术的应用和发展重点。     

Target detection and tracking with HF radar using reciprocal SARtechniques

Sustained research and development at Memorial University of Newfoundland has led to an operational High Frequency Ground Wave Radar (HF-GWR) system for coastal surveillance. This radar system has demonstrated over-the-horizon detection of targets such as vessels, ice hazards and low-flying aircraft, and performed ocean parameter measurements over a large area. The industrial developers of offshore hydrocarbon reserves in ice infested regions have an urgent requirement for the long range detection and tracking of icebergs from their production platforms. However, due to space restrictions, a rig- or ship-based system can only accommodate a compact antenna array. The uniform trajectory and low velocity of icebergs is ideal for Reciprocal Synthetic Aperture Radar (RSAR) processing with long target dwell times. The proven ice detection capability of HF-GWR systems, coupled with the compact antennas suggested by the RSAR technique, can be used to develop a rig- or ship-based all-weather surveillance device for ice hazards. It is also anticipated that the results of this research will allow the use of shorter antenna arrays for many other applications. Preliminary results using real data from the operational HF-GWR system are presented     

Maximum likelihood detection of unresolved moving targets

Maximum likelihood estimation and decision theory is applied to the problem of detecting unresolved moving targets with a particular emphasis on space surveillance applications. A general formulation is derived which accounts for fluctuating targets, extended optical point spread functions (PSFs), and long frame integration times such that target images can form streaks within a single image. Probability of false alarm and of detection curves are generated from field data and simulations and compared with theoretical predictions     

Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer target identification for radarsurveillance

This paper considers the problem of target track identification in a radar surveillance system. To build a target identifier alongside a tracker, four features which are available for real-time processing in an air surveillance system are used here: target identity (TID) from a friend-and-foe identification (IFF) system, elevation measurement from the radar, target speed, and acceleration estimated by a tracker. These four features are combined to classify air targets into five different air target categories: friendly commercial, friendly military, hostile commercial (or unknown airline), hostile military, and false targets (clutter). Two popular statistic-based techniques, namely, the Bayesian and Dempster-Shafer methods, are applied to develop radar target identification algorithms for our application. Real-life as well as simulated air surveillance radar data are used to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of this track identification approach in a radar surveillance system     

双视线测量相对导航方法误差分析与编队设计

空间非合作目标的相对导航是在轨维护和近距离监视任务中的关键技术,目前的研究表明仅有视线测量条件下中距离相对导航沿距离方向的观测度较差,而基于双视线测量的相对导航方法可以有效解决该问题。为此,研究了两个追踪航天器所组成的编队,在双视线测量条件下进行自主相对导航的方法。首先,详细地介绍了双视线测量相对导航方案的构成以及具体的导航算法;其次,根据两个追踪航天器与目标航天器的几何构型,推导双视线测量方法中的误差传递规律,并分析其中的影响因素;然后,对两个追踪航天器的编队构型进行设计,并分析编队构型对该方法导航性能的影响;最后,通过数值仿真对上述相关的结论进行验证。     

TV space surveillance system

This article represents the research results of the television space surveillance system, or, in other words, the optical surveillance system. The purpose of the work is the design of a specialized optical surveillance system, stabilization and surveillance equipment, and a television unit. The system's simplified structural and functional scheme is described, as well as its justification and operation principle. The application prospects are estimated.     

GE90-115B发动机结构设计特点分析

GE90-115B发动机是目前世界上推力最大的发动机,由GE90-94B发动机衍生发展而来.与传统的衍生发展不同,GE90-115B发动机的高压压气机减少1级,风扇转子支承作了重大改变,将1号滚珠轴承改为直径特大的滚棒轴承,滚珠轴承则置于风扇轴后端处.对风扇转子支承方式的变化作了深入分析,同时对风扇、高压压气机、低压涡轮、轴承等的结构设计改进进行了分析,可供航空发动机结构设计人员参考.