减速器振动信号的经验模态分解

时域同步平均是直升机减速器诊断技术的基础,目前这种方法依赖于转速传感器提供相位同步信号。探讨了应用经验模态分解代替时域同步平均分析减速器振动信号的方法。构建了一个减速器振动信号模型,提取了故障特征信号。对经验模态分解过程进行了理论推导,证明经验模态分解可以分离出故障特征信号,给出了信号分离的充分条件。将这种方法应用于直升机减速器的两种故障(点蚀和裂纹)振动数据,结果表明经验模态分解正确地分离出了故障特征信号,信号特征更为显著。     

Time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and wind tunnel test of a flexible wing using strain-based beam formulation

A theoretical formulation for time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a flexible wing model is presented and validated by wind tunnel tests. A strain-based beam model for nonlinear structural analysis is combined with the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) to form the complete framework for aeroelastic analysis. The nonlinear second-order differential equations are solved by an implicit time integration scheme that incorporates a Newton-Raphson sub-iteration technique. An advanced fiber optic sensing technique is firstly used in a wind tunnel for measuring large structural deformations. In the theoretical study, the nonlinear flutter boundary is determined by analyzing the transient response about the nonlinear static equilibrium with a series of flow velocities. The gust responses of the wing model at various gust frequencies are also studied. Comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for determining the nonlinear flutter boundary and simulating the gust response of flexible wings in the time domain.     

Frequency-Domain Analysis of Switching Closed-Loop Regulators

An accurate analysis of a switching voltage regulator power stage is performed by eliminating the mathematical unrigorousness of the averaging technique. The differential equations are solved for the ON and OFF intervals to obtain the exact mean values in function of the values at the beginning and at the end of the intervals. The accurate relation is used for the integral of the derivative forming the left member of some equations. A flyback regulator power stage is analyzed as an example. Some considerations are made concerning the regulator compensation using a two-loop control circuit.     

应用PIV技术测量压电型自耦合射流

 采用PIV对激励信号频率为300 Hz、 400 Hz和500 Hz的矩型出口自耦合射流流场进行测量，应用相位锁定技术，测得一个激励周期内12个相位的瞬时流场，并由120张瞬时流场图像的平均得到了射流流场时均流动特性。分析了3种频率下的流场结构，发现在当前实验条件下，射流的扩张半角近35°，稳定增长区的中心线速度随流向距离的-0.511次方变化。当频率为f=400 Hz时流量增长率高达4，动量增长率最高达4.5。当沿流向距离y/h>40后自耦合射流的动量呈下降趋势，这与定常二维平面射流动量保持不变的规律不同。     

Noise Dynamics of the Phase-Locked Loop with Signal Clipping

Employing techniques similar to the averaging methods of Krylov and Bogoliubov, an approximate noise analysis of the phase-locked loop with signal clipping is presented. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing the stationary probability density function for the phase error, generated by a system simulation, with the derived theoretical results. The latter portion of the paper discusses the relation of the phase-locked loop to Kalman-Bucy filter theory and presents a demodulator design that illustrates the self-adaptive properties attainable in phase-locked loops with signal clipping.     

Control design and closed-loop analysis of a switched-capacitorDC-to-DC converter

The theoretical and practical details involved in the control design and closed-loop analysis of a step-down switched-capacitor (SC) DC-to-DC converter are presented. The state-space averaging technique is applied to extract the small-signal dynamics of the power stage, and a graphical loop gain method is used to design the feedback compensation and analyze the closed-loop performance of an SC converter. The results of the control design and closed-loop analysis are substantiated by experiments using a prototype SC converter     

Higher-order vibration of thick composite and sandwich plates based on an alternative higher-order model

The transverse stretching vibration of thick sandwich plates, which is attributed to largely different stiffness at the adjacent layers, is a challenging issue, and efficient approach for such issue is less reported in the published literature. Thus, natural frequencies corresponding to stretching vibration modes are generally neglected in engineering design, which might impact structural safety as frequencies of the exciting force are close to transverse stretching vibration frequencies. This paper proposes an alternative higher-order model for dynamic analysis corresponding to the higher-order vibration modes. The proposed model is classified in the displacement-based equivalent single-layer theory, as the number of displacement parameters in the proposed model is independent of the layer number. The continuity of displacements and transverse shear stresses can be fulfilled at the interfaces between the adjacent layers of structures. To demonstrate the capability of the proposed model, typical examples are analyzed by utilizing the proposed model, the three-dimensional finite element method and the chosen higher-order models. By comparing with the exact three-dimensional elasticity solutions, it is found that the proposed model can yield more accurate natural frequencies corresponding to the higher-order displacement modes than the selected models. Moreover, the factors influencing reasonable prediction of the higher-order frequencies are investigated in detail, which can provide a reference for the accurate prediction of the higher-order frequencies.     

仿真模型验证实用方法研究

仿真模型VV&A是仿真模型开发中的一项重要工作 ,贯穿于模型开发的全生命周期。本文重点讲述了实际数据序列和仿真数据序列比较法和理论比较法 ,并给出了相应的例子来说明这两种方法的使用情况。     

直升机结构动特性建模技术研究

在直升机设计阶段通过建模分析进行全机动特性设计，准确地预测全机振动响应是控制和降低直升机振动水平的关键技术，本文以直11型直升机为研究对象，对机体结构的动特性建模技术进行了深入的研究，采用从部件到全机建模的研究策略，把整个机体分成尾段，舱门，机身段，分别进行有限元建模，动特性试验，相关分析，模型修改技术和建模准则的研究，在此基础上，对部件连接界面建模分析，组建修改后的各部件模型，建立全机动特性分析模型，通过对直11型机全机动力学建模，试验相关分析与模型修改，大大增强了分析模型的预测能力，达到了40Hz以内的频率误差小于11％的预测精度，突破了对直升机复杂结构建模关键技术，建立了适用于直升机结构动力学分析的建模准则，在直11型机动特性设计中取得了成功。     

Terrain modeling for microwave landing system

A powerful analytical approach for evaluating the terrain effects on a microwave landing system (MLS) is presented. The approach combines a multiplate model with a powerful and exhaustive ray tracing technique and an accurate formulation for estimating the electromagnetic fields due to the antenna array in the presence of terrain. Both uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) and impedance UTD techniques have been employed to evaluate these fields. Innovative techniques are introduced at each stage to make the model versatile to handle most general terrain contours and also to reduce the computational requirement to a minimum. The model is applied to several terrain geometries, and the results are discussed     

民用电传飞机颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术

现有颤振/ASE 试飞风险控制技术相关研究不够系统全面,未充分考虑民用电传飞机试飞特点及机上试飞工程师的作用。系统地研究民用电传飞机颤振/ASE 试飞风险控制技术,包括理论评估、测试改装、试飞方法、试飞风险分析、风险降低措施和应急处置程序制定等;针对识别出的颤振/ASE 不稳定性、不良操稳特性和局部结构损坏等风险源,提出振动超限或异常时客舱试飞工程师切断激励的新技术,开发地面监控专用软件用于实时颤振/ASE 裕度定量分析;在某型号试飞中应用该技术进行颤振/ASE 试飞科目验证。结果表明：该风险控制技术能够有效降低试飞风险和成本,人工切断技术可在1 s 内中止激励保障飞机结构安全,实时分析技术可以快速准确计算稳定裕度并且提高试飞效率。     

Design and Application of an Adaptive Tracking Filter Control System

The design of an adaptive tracking filter control system and its application to large flexible booster vehicles is described. The problem of elastic vehicle stability is considered along with its solution by conventional and adaptive techniques. The improvement in vehicle stability, which may be achieved with the adaptive tracking filter technique as compared to conventional techniques, is shown. The control system evolved uses two adaptive tracking filters to phase stabilize the first and second bending modes, in addition to conventional compensation techniques. The application of this adaptive technique to a vehicle in which the modal frequencies are in close proximity (<2.5 percent separation) is discussed. The mechanization of the adaptive control system involves the selection of design techniques and components that are electrically and physically compatible with the intended airborne application. The development of a suitable frequency tracking technique and tracking filter is described, in addition to the electronic and mechanical design of the adaptive control system prototype.     

Improved ZCS-PWM commutation cell for IGBTs application

An improved zero-current-switching pulsewidth-modulated (ZCS-PWM) commutation cell is presented, which is suitable for high-power applications using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the power switches. It provides ZCS operation for active switches and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation for passive switches. Besides operating at constant frequency and reducing commutation losses, the proposed ZCS-PWM switch cell has no additional current stress and conduction loss in the main switch. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed ZCS-PWM commutation cell, it was applied to a boost converter. Operating principle, theoretical analysis, design guidelines, and a design example are described and verified by experiment results obtained from a prototype rated 1 kW and operating at 40 kHz. The PWM switch model and state-space averaging approach is also used to estimate and examine the steady-state and dynamic character of ZCS-PWM boost converter system. Finally, the application of the proposed soft-switching technique in the dc-dc nonisolated converters is presented.     

Detection Performance of the Cell Averaging LOG/CFAR Receiver

The cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver is a special implementation of a constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) receiver in which the noise level estimate is derived from a set of contiguous time samples of the output of a logarithmic (LOG) detector as obtained from a tapped delay line. This CFAR receiver is capable of operating over a larger dynamic range of noise levels than a conventional cell averaging CFAR receiver, but with somewhat poorer detectability. The performance in stationary Gaussian noise of the cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver with no post-detection integration is determined in this paper. For a small number of reference noise samples, results were obtained by a Monte Carlo simulation using the technique of importance sampling. For a large number of reference noise samples, a second moment analysis gave the desired results. Both these results can be summarized in the following simple formula, NLOG = 1.65NLIN - 0.65, which relates the number of reference samples required by each of the two receivers for equivalent performance. Thus, for the cell averaging LOG/CFAR receiver to give the same detection performance as the conventional cell averaging CFAR receiver, the number of reference noise samples has to be increased by up to 65 percent.     

计算沿转子叶高损失分布的半经验模型法

本文对现有的几种计算转子损失的半经验模型进行了系统的对比验算,发现这些损失模型在准确性和适用范围方面均不能满足工程计算的要求。通过对这些模型进行加权平均,并采用了减振凸台损失模型,得到一种新的模型,该模型在除叶尖和叶根外的大部分叶高上,能够比较准确地估算沿转子叶高的损失分布。本文还成功地将此模型用于流线曲率法,得到一种能满意地预测轴流压气机转子损失和流场的计算方法。     

Simplified analysis of PWM converters using model of PWM switch.II. Discontinuous conduction mode

For pt.I see ibid., vol.26, no.3, p.490-6 (1990). According to the method of state-space averaging, when a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter enters discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), the inductor current state is lost from the average model of the converter. It is shown that there is neither theoretical nor experimental justification for the disappearance of the inductor state as claimed by the method of state-space averaging. For example, when the model of the PWM switch in DCM is substituted in the buck, boost, or buck-boost converter while the inductor is left intact, the average model has two poles: the first pole f_p1 agrees with the single pole of state-space averaging, while the second pole f_p2 occurs in the range f_p2⩾F_s/π. It is shown that the right-half plane zeros present in the control-to-output transfer functions of the boost, buck-boost, and Cuk converters in continuous conduction mode are also present in discontinuous conduction mode     

高超声速复杂外形热流的NND有限元数值计算方法研究

有限元法是一种加权积分的方法,这个特点和权函数的特性使得有限元法在计算诸如热流(与温度的一阶导数相关)等物理量时有其内在的优越性.本文研究了高超声速复杂外形热流的NND有限元数值计算方法,并对高超声速球钝锥外形和带翼飞行器外形的绕流进行了数值模拟,算例结果令人满意.     

An Adaptive-Control Switching Buck Regulator-Implementation, Analysis, and Design

Describing-function techniques and averaging methods have been employed to characterize a multiloop switching buck regulator by three functionsl blocks: power stage, analog signal processor, and pulse modulator. The model is employed. to explore possible forms of pole-zero cancellation and the adaptive nature of the control to filter parameter changes. Analysis-based design guide lines are provided including a suggested additional RC-compensation loop to optimize regulator performances such as stability, audiosusceptibility, output impedance, and load transient response.     

Doppler ambiguity resolution using multiple PRF

An algorithm for velocity ambiguity resolution in coherent pulsed Doppler radar using multiple pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) is presented. It relies on the choice of particular values for the PRFs. The folded frequency of the target signal is obtained by averaging the folded frequency estimates for each PRF, and a quasi maximum likelihood criterion is maximized for ambiguity order estimation. The fast implementation of this nonambiguous estimation procedure is based on the fast Fourier transform (FFT), The proposed waveform allows full exploitation of any (even) number of PRFs, which appears to be important for estimation improvement. The effects of the waveform parameters and the folded frequency estimation variance on the performance of the ambiguity order estimation procedure are evaluated theoretically and through computer simulations. Mean square error (MSE) curves are given to assess the Doppler frequency estimation accuracy. Finally, the new method is compared with a classical technique and the implementation of the algorithm in a clutter environment is addressed.     

模态法辨识针刺C/ C 复合材料弹性模量

针对传统方法测量C/ C 复合材料弹性模量精度差问题,提出了一种利用模态试验辨识材料弹性 模量的新方法。数值仿真结果表明板件材料振动频率与弹性模量之间存在模糊对应关系,利用此关系采用二 分法及二阶响应面近似模型对材料弹性模量进行辨识,并分别利用各向同性薄壁板件及正交各向异性薄壁板 件对此方法进行验证,计算结果误差最大为16. 67%,最小仅为0. 5%,表明该方法准确有效。最后将其应用于 针刺C/ C 复合材料,获得了其弹性模量。仿真及试验结果均表明该方法无损、高效且准确度高。