基于失效概率的涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析

涡轮后机匣是航空发动机安全的关键部件,但是其具有工况复杂、不确定性因素多的缺点。为了探究输入随机变量的不确定性对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率的影响,建立参数化有限元模型进行确定性分析。考虑材料性能、几何参数及外部载荷的不确定性,对涡轮后机匣两种典型失效模式：强度失效以及刚度失效建立极限状态函数;通过构造自适应Kriging 代理模型并结合重要抽样方法评估涡轮后机匣结构失效概率,利用基于失效概率的全局灵敏度方法对涡轮后机匣结构可靠度的不确定性来源进行分析,对各输入随机变量重要性进行排序,构建一种涡轮后机匣全局灵敏度分析框架。结果表明：涡轮后机匣在两种失效模式以及系统失效模式下,发动机推力以及线性膨胀系数对结构失效概率影响最为显著,应对其重点考虑;内外机匣长度以及材料弹性模量对涡轮后机匣结构失效概率影响较小,可对其适当忽略。     

Reliability and reliability sensitivity analysis of structure by combining adaptive linked importance sampling and Kriging reliability method

The application of reliability analysis and reliability sensitivity analysis methods to complicated structures faces two main challenges: small failure probability (typical less than 10⁻⁵) and time-demanding mechanical models. This paper proposes an improved active learning surrogate model method, which combines the advantages of the classical Active Kriging – Monte Carlo Simulation (AK-MCS) procedure and the Adaptive Linked Importance Sampling (ALIS) procedure. The proposed procedure can, on the one hand, adaptively produce a series of intermediate sampling density approaching the quasi-optimal Importance Sampling (IS) density, on the other hand, adaptively generate a set of intermediate surrogate models approaching the true failure surface of the rare failure event. Then, the small failure probability and the corresponding reliability sensitivity indices are efficiently estimated by their IS estimators based on the quasi-optimal IS density and the surrogate models. Compared with the classical AK-MCS and Active Kriging – Importance Sampling (AK-IS) procedure, the proposed method neither need to build very large sample pool even when the failure probability is extremely small, nor need to estimate the Most Probable Points (MPPs), thus it is computationally more efficient and more applicable especially for problems with multiple MPPs. The effectiveness and engineering applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated by one numerical test example and two engineering applications.     

基于自适应代理模型的结构动力可靠度分析方法

结构动力可靠度分析对于衡量结构的安全状态和工作性能具有重要的指导意义。采用一种同时考虑 动态激励载荷和材料力学性能参数随机性的动力可靠度计算高效方法,通过建立不确定性材料力学性能参数 与条件动力可靠度之间的 Kriging代理模型,推导动力可靠度的解析表达式;提出一个新的学习函数来构建自 适应的 Kriging代理过程,通过复合材料飞行器蒙皮骨架结构在随机振动载荷和随机材料力学性能参数共同作 用下的动力可靠度分析对所提方法的准确性与高效性进行验证。结果表明:所提方法不仅能够避免使用代理 模型对动力可靠度求解时由于使用数值积分所引入的误差,同时能够使用尽可能少的计算成本获得准确的动 力可靠度结果。     

An efficient algorithm for calculating Profust failure probability

For efficiently estimating the Profust failure probability based on probability input variables and fuzzy-state assumption, a General Performance Function(GPF) expression is established under the strict mathematical derivation for the Profust reliability model. By constructing the GPF,the calculation of the Profust failure probability can be transformed into the calculation of the traditional failure probability. Then various existing methods for the traditional failure probability can be used to estimate the Profust failure probability. Due to the high efficiency of the Adaptive Kriging(AK) model and the universality of the Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS), AK inserted MCS(abbreviated as AK-MCS) has been proven to be an efficient method for estimating the failure probability. Therefore, the AK-MCS combined with the GPF(abbreviated as AK-MCS + GPF)is proposed for estimating Profust failure probability. The proposed method greatly reduces the computational cost while ensuring the accuracy. Finally, four examples are given to validate the proposed AK-MCS + GPF. The results of the examples show the rationality and the efficiency of the proposed AK-MCS + GPF.     

一种改进的航空发动机结构概率风险评估方法

针对航空发动机适航条款FAR33.75中关于发动机限寿件(ELLP)结构失效概率要求,提出了一种基于Kriging和蒙特卡罗半径外重要抽样(MCROIS)混合的结构概率风险评估方法。该方法针对ELLP高维、小失效概率事件以及极限状态函数为隐式、高度非线性的特点,利用Kriging元模型模拟隐式极限状态函数,然后通过主动学习迭代算法,计算最优点(MPP,最接近设计验算点的样本点),更新实验设计(DOE)并提高Kriging元模型的模拟精度。在此基础上,利用Kriging元模型确定最优抽样半径,构造半径外重要抽样密度函数,在最优抽样半径确定区域进行抽样,通过构造主动学习函数,使样本点更多落在抽样半径确定的球区域附近,加速失效概率计算的收敛,并构建了ELLP风险概率模型,解决了高维、小失效概率事件以及隐式、非线性极限状态函数的发动机结构概率风险评估难题,以某型发动机低压压气机轮盘为应用示例,与传统的蒙特卡罗仿真(MCS)方法进行了对比,验证了该方法的高效率、鲁棒性和仿真精度。     

涡轮冷却叶片寿命可靠性分析参数化仿真平台

目前,涡轮冷却叶片等复杂结构的多模式寿命可靠性分析中存在各功能模块的集成与管理不成体系、参数化联合调用技术不完善的工程应用问题。针对这些问题,完善了随机不确定性下涡轮冷却叶片多模式寿命可靠性分析的工程化方法,搭建了多模式寿命可靠性分析的参数化、多软件联合仿真平台,为某型号叶片寿命可靠性分析提供合理的工程化方法及高效便捷的自动化实现工具。主要工作包括：一建立了不确定性环境下含孔、肋及空腔复杂结构网格划分和结构有限元仿真的参数化方法,实现了随机变量不同取值下仿真的自动执行,解决了可靠性理论方法应用至复杂工程结构的瓶颈问题;二在经回归处理的概率寿命曲线中考虑温度插值及多失效模式串联系统,拓展了概率寿命曲线的应用范围,使得所建涡轮叶片寿命可靠性模型更符合实际;三提出了可靠性分析数字模拟过程中嵌入包括有限元结构分析和疲劳寿命极限状态面两方面的双层自适应代理模型方法,该自适应策略可在保证寿命可靠性分析精度的基础上提高效率。通过所建平台在某型号叶片上的算例分析及与蒙特卡洛法参考解的对比,验证了所提多模式系统寿命可靠性分析工程化方法的高效和准确性及仿真平台的实用性。     

一种基于Kriging和Monte Carlo的主动学习可靠度算法

机械结构可靠性分析时,常常会采用代理模型拟合隐式功能函数来解决计算量大的问题,但由于试验设计方案需要同时考虑代理模型的拟合精度和可靠度计算精度的问题。因此,为了能够充分使用较少的样本信息,最大化可靠度计算精度,本文充分发挥Kriging预测的随机特性,提出一种主动学习可靠度计算方法。首先,类似于优化问题中改善函数的选点方式,提出一种基于Kriging预测的学习函数,基于Monte Carlo法生成大量的候选样本点,找出学习函数最小值对应的样本点作为最佳取样点。其次,推导和提出了一种学习停止的条件,保证了Monte Carlo样本点预测符号的正确性且学习次数明显减小。最后,通过2个数值算例分析结果表明,该算法相比其他方法需要更少的样本数量,得到的可靠度计算精度更高,验证了本文算法的正确性和高效性。     

结构系统可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析的改进子集模拟法

在再生自适应子集模拟(RASS)法的基础上,提出了一种改进的再生自适应子集模拟(MRASS)法以用于结构系统的可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析。MRASS法继承了RASS法中马尔可夫链再生、延迟拒绝、自适应马尔可夫过程及分量各自采样等优点,并改进了自适应采样过程。MRASS法通过对产生的样本点的接受率与最佳接受率进行比较,有针对性地寻找合适的建议分布方差,提高了抽样的效率。工程算例的数值结果表明:MRASS法相比于RASS法及传统的子集模拟(SS)法,在处理具有高维随机变量、小失效概率及高度非线性特点的结构系统时,有更好的适应性、稳健性及精度。     

航空发动机限寿件疲劳可靠度计算新方法

针对目前的航空发动机限寿件（ELLP）疲劳可靠性分析中的小失效概率事件以及其极限状态函数具有较强非线性的特点，提出了一种具有自更新机制的半径外自适应重要抽样（AUMCROAIS）疲劳可靠性分析方法。该方法首先利用蒙特卡罗自适应重要抽样（MCAIS）快速逼近真实设计验算点（MPP）附近，随后以近似设计验算点为中心进行极坐标抽样，并依次构造主动学习函数，对近极限状态函数和抽样半径进行最优选取，从而实现最优抽样半径的更新，通过不断的更新确定出最优抽样半径，加速失效概率计算的收敛。本方法提高了设计验算点的收敛速度同时保证了计算精度，解决了小失效概率事件以及强非线性极限状态函数可靠度计算难题，最后以某型发动机压气机轮盘为对象应用本方法，并与传统的蒙特卡罗仿真（MCS）方法、蒙特卡罗半径外自适应重要抽样法（MCROAIS）和一阶可靠性方法（FORM）进行了对比，验证了本方法的高效率、鲁棒性和仿真精度。     

涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析及优化设计方法研究

为保障涡轮轴在多种不确定性因素影响下的可靠性和寿命性能,建立了涡轮轴低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析与优化设计方法.搭建了涡轮轴结构分析、可靠性分析和可靠性优化设计的参数化平台,实现了设计参数的不同访问值处结构分析和可靠性分析的自主调用.提出了改进Monte Carlo结合自适应Kriging的算法(A-MCS-AK),通过多点...     

Safety lifetime analysis method for multi-mode time-dependent structural system

It is important to determine the safety lifetime of Multi-mode Time-Dependent Structural System (MTDSS). However, there is still a lack of corresponding analysis methods. Therefore, this paper establishes MTDSS safety lifetime model firstly, and then proposes a Kriging surrogate model based method to estimate safety lifetime. The first step of proposed method is to construct the Kriging model of MTDSS performance function by using extremum learning function. By identifying possible extremum mode of MTDSS, the performance function of MTDSS can be equivalently transformed into the one of Single-mode Time-Dependent Structure (STDS). The second step is to use the Advanced First Failure Instant Learning Function (AFFILF) to train the Kriging model constructed in the first step, so that the convergent Kriging model can identify the possible First Failure Instant (FFI) of STDS. Then safety lifetime can be searched quickly by dichotomy search. By using AFFILF, the minimum instant that the state is not accurately identified by the current Kriging model is selected as the training point, which avoids the unnecessary calculation which may be introduced into the existing First Failure Instant Learning Function (FFILF). In addition, the Candidate Sample Pool (CSP) reduction strategy is also adopted. By adaptively deleting the random candidate sample points whose FFI have been accurately identified by the current Kriging model, the training efficiency is further improved. Three cases show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient.     

模糊随机可靠性综合方法在涡轮盘可靠性分析中的应用

提出了模糊随机可靠性分析的近似解析和数字模拟综合方法,基于模糊变量的等价随机化变换,可以方便地得到模糊随机失效概率的计算公式,并建立了模糊随机可靠性分析的一次二阶矩法。定义了同时考虑基本变量和状态都含有模糊随机双重不确定性的可靠度指标,探讨了多个模式情况下模糊随机可靠性分析方法。所提出的方法被用于发动机涡轮盘的应力、应变和低周疲劳寿命模糊随机可靠性分析,证明了该方法是可行的。     

考虑状态与基本变量随机模糊性的广义响应面可靠性分析

针对复杂结构、机构可靠性分析中的隐式极限状态方程,建立了可以同时考虑基本变量和失效一安全状态随机模糊双重不确定性因素的广义响应面可靠性分析方法。该方法采用模糊基本变量的等效随机化变换,在不改变基本变量模糊分布的情况下,建立了基于有限元分析的复杂结构、机构多个随机一模糊基本变量情况下的广义响应面法,利用广义响应面函数和模糊随机事件概率的计算公式,定义了复杂结构、机构广义失效概率的计算公式,并给出了多个模式情况下体系同时考虑状态和基本变量随机模糊性的广义失效概率计算公式。在弹性连杆机构强度刚度多模式广义可靠性分析的应用算例说明了所提方法的合理性。     

可靠性灵敏度分析的一种新方法

基于极限状态函数矩估计的失效概率计算,提出一种新的可靠性灵敏度分析方法。推导极限状态函数的矩对基本变量分布参数的偏导数,并进而利用失效概率与极限状态方程矩的关系,推导失效概率对基本变量分布参数的偏导数,从而得到可靠性灵敏度。与改进一次二阶矩可靠性灵敏度分析方法相比,所提方法不用求极限状态方程的设计点,因而不需用到极限状态函数对基本变量的梯度函数,适用于隐式极限状态方程的可靠性灵敏度分析,算例结果也充分显示所提方法的合理性和精度。     

Neural Networks Combined with Importance Sampling Techniques for Reliability Evaluation of Explosive Initiating Device

Concerning the issue of high-dimensions and low-failure probabilities including implicit and highly nonlinear limit state function, reliability analysis based on the directional importance sampling in combination with the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used, and the RBF neural network based on first-order reliability method (FORM) is to approximate the unknown implicit limit state functions and calculate the most probable point (MPP) with iterative algorithm. For good efficiency, based on the ideas that directional sampling reduces dimensionality and importance sampling focuses on the domain contributing to failure probability, the joint probability density function of importance sampling is constructed, and the sampling center is moved to MPP to ensure that more random sample points draw belong to the failure domain and the simulation efficiency is improved. Then the numerical example of initiating explosive devices for rocket booster explosive bolts demonstrates the applicability, versatility and accuracy of the approach compared with other reliability simulation algorithm.     

基于优化Kriging模型和重要抽样法的结构可靠度混合算法

 结构可靠度分析计算通常采用多项式响应面拟合隐式极限状态函数,但对于复杂航空航天机械结构产品极限状态方程往往表现出高度非线性,此时多项式响应面的模拟精度不够就会造成计算不收敛。为了提高结构可靠度计算的精度、效率和收敛性,提出了基于优化Kriging模型和重要抽样法的结构可靠度计算方法。首先,利用人工蜂群算法对Kriging模型的参数进行优化;再用优化后的模型模拟隐式极限状态函数,结合重要抽样法不断修正抽样重心,逐步提高模拟精度以达到给定要求;最后,结合一阶矩法(FORM)/二阶矩法(SORM)经典算法求解结构可靠度。该方法提高了高度非线性隐式极限状态方程可靠度计算的精度和收敛性,并且具有较高的计算效率。     

基于有限元法的输液管路稳定性可靠性研究

为分析航空发动机空间管路系统的稳定性可靠性问题，提出了一种采用有限元法和蒙特卡洛法相结合的分析方法。方法中采用有限元法建立空间管路系统流固耦合模型，定义了稳定性失稳的极限状态函数，采用蒙特卡洛法进行稳定性可靠度计算。典型工程算例的计算结果表明:给定流体流速的均值，发散失稳的概率随流体流速的变异系数可能增加或减小；给定流体流速的变异系数，随流体流速均值的增加，管路系统稳定性极限状态函数由服从连续概率密度函数变为服从混合概率密度函数。研究结果对于航空发动机输液管路的稳定性可靠性设计和评估具有参考价值。      

Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Transonic Flutter Using Improved Line Sampling Technique

The improved line sampling (LS) technique, an effective numerical simulation method, is employed to analyze the probabilistic characteristics and reliability sensitivity of flutter with random structural parameter in transonic flow. The improved LS technique is a novel methodology for reliability and sensitivity analysis of high dimensionality and low probability problem with implicit limit state function, and it does not require any approximating surrogate of the implicit limit state equation. The improved LS is used to estimate the flutter reliability and the sensitivity of a two-dimensional wing, in which some structural properties, such as frequency, parameters of gravity center and mass ratio, are considered as random variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based unsteady aerodynamic reduced order model (ROM) method is used to construct the aerodynamic state equations. Coupling structural state equations with aerodynamic state equations, the safety margin of flutter is founded by using the critical velocity of flutter. The results show that the improved LS technique can effectively decrease the computational cost in the random uncertainty analysis of flutter. The reliability sensitivity, defined by the partial derivative of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameter of random variable, can help to identify the important parameters and guide the structural optimization design.     

具有独立失效模式的多自由度非线性振动系统的可靠性分析

 对不考虑失效模式相关性的多自由度非线性随机振动系统可靠性进行了研究。在结构系统响应和状态函数的前四阶矩的一般数学表达式的基础上,使用 Edgeworth级数把未知响应和状态函数的概率分布展开成标准的正态分布表达式,并放松了对随机参数的分布概型和激励类型的限制,从而确定了系统的可靠度。     

渐变结构系统模糊可靠性灵敏度分析的矩方法(英文)

For a degradable structural system with fuzzy failure region, a moment method based on fuzzy reliability sensitivity algorithm is presented. According to the value assignment of performance function, the integral region for calculating the fuzzy failure probability is first split into a series of subregions in which the membership function values of the performance function within the fuzzy failure region can be approximated by a set of constants. The fuzzy failure probability is then transformed into a sum of products of the random failure probabilities and the approximate constants of the membership function in the subregions. Furthermore, the fuzzy reliability sensitivity analysis is transformed into a series of random reliability sensitivity analysis, and the random reliability sensitivity can be obtained by the constructed moment method. The primary advantages of the presented method include higher efficiency for implicit performance function with low and medium dimensionality and wide applicability to multiple failure modes and nonnormal basic random variables. The limitation is that the required computation effort grows exponentially with the increase of dimensionality of the basic random vari- able; hence, it is not suitable for high dimensionality problem. Compared with the available methods, the presented one is pretty competitive in the case that the dimensionality is lower than 10. The presented examples are used to verify the advantages and indicate the limitations.