Cubature Kalman filter with closed-loop covariance feedback control for integrated INS/GNSS navigation

Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF) offers a promising solution to handle the data fusion of integrated nonlinear INS/GNSS (Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System) navigation. However, its accuracy is degraded by inaccurate kinematic noise statistics which originate from disturbances of system dynamics. This paper develops a method of closed-loop feedback covariance control to address the above problem of CKF. In this method, the posterior state and its covariance are fed back to the filtering process to constitute a closed-loop structure for CKF covariance propagation. Subsequently, based on the maximum likelihood principle, a control scheme of the prior state covariance is established by using the feedback state and covariance within an estimation window and further adopting a proportional coefficient to amplify the feedback terms in recent time steps for the full use of new information to reflect actual system characteristics. Since it does not directly use kinematic noise covariance, the proposed method can effectively avoid the adverse impact of inaccurate kinematic noise statistics on filtering solutions. Further, it can also guarantee the prior state covariance to be positive semi-definite without involving extra measures. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated by simulations and experiments for integrated INS/GNSS navigation.     

SINS/GNSS integrated navigation system based on maximum versoria filter

In the missile-borne Strapdown Inertial Navigation System/Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) integrated navigation system, due to the factors such as the high dynamics, the signal blocking by obstacles, the signal intefereces, etc., there always exist pulse interferences or measurement information interruptions in the satellite receiver, which make nonstationary measurement process. The traditional Kalman Filter (KF) can tackle the state estimation problem under Gaussian white noise, but its performance will be significantly reduced under non-Gaussian noises. In order to deal with the non-Gaussian conditions in the actual missile-borne SINS/GNSS integrated navigation systems, a Maximum Versoria Criterion Extended Kalman Filter (MVC-EKF) algorithm is proposed based on the MVC and the idea of M-estimation, which assigns a smaller weight to the anomalous measurements so as to suppress the influence of anomalous measurements on the state estimation while maintaining a relatively low calculation cost. Finally, the integrated navigation simulation experiments prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm.     

Mahalanobis distance-based fading cubature Kalman filter with augmented mechanism for hypersonic vehicle INS/CNS autonomous integration

Inertial Navigation System/Celestial Navigation System(INS/CNS) integration, especially for the tightly-coupled mode, provides a promising autonomous tactics for Hypersonic Vehicle(HV) in military demands. However, INS/CNS integration is a challenging research task due to its special characteristics such as strong nonlinearity, non-additive noise and dynamic complexity.This paper presents a novel nonlinear filtering method for INS/CNS integration by adopting the emerging Cubature Kalman Filter(C...     

基于神经网络的航天器GPS/INS组合定姿系统

基于GPS和惯性技术的组合导航系统是近年来导航系统的研究热点和主要发展方向.目前基于卡尔曼滤波方法的算法在稳定性、计算量、算法鲁棒性以及系统可观测性等方面仍然存在问题.基于神经网络技术研究了一种新的GPS/INS组合定姿自适应卡尔曼滤波方法,理论分析表明,该方法不但对姿态信息具有较好的估计性能,而且对系统模型的精确性、噪声特性具备良好的鲁棒性.最后,利用模拟数据对所研究算法进行了分析计算,与传统的卡尔曼滤波方法进行了比较、分析,结果表明所设计组合算法在精度、稳定性以及鲁棒性等方面较传统卡尔曼方法具有良好的特性.     

基于DKF的IMU误差预测算法

作为导航领域常用的组合导航方式,全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)/惯性导航系统(INS)组合导航在GNSS信号失锁后,由于惯性测量单元(IMU)误差随时间迅速积累,其定位结果会偏离载体真实位置,导航精度下降.针对此问题,提出了一种长短期记忆网络(LSTM)辅助的算法,称之为深度卡尔曼滤波(DKF)算法.DKF算法的核心思想是使用LSTM训练IMU误差模型,然后通过训练出的模型预测IMU误差,最后将预测的IMU误差代入IMU数据以校正导航结果.仿真结果表明:在200s测试数据上,DKF算法将误差从1.1537m/s降低到0.3746m/s.与平均预测、卡尔曼预测和最小二乘估计等方法相比,DKF算法的误差最小,具有更优越的导航性能.     

基于SAR图像匹配结果可信度评价的INS/SAR自适应Kalman滤波算法

在惯性导航系统（INS）/合成孔径雷达（SAR）组合导航系统中，SAR图像易受斑点噪声的影响，图像匹配的精度对整个导航系统精度的影响十分明显，能够准确地分析SAR图像匹配过程中的误差特性，利用有效的图像匹配信息辅助INS进行组合定位尤为重要。针对上述问题，在加权Hausdorff距离匹配算法的基础上，对影响SAR图像匹配精度的因素进行了分析，提出了一种基于模糊推理的匹配结果可信度评价准则，经过可信度筛选，将有效的匹配信息与INS进行组合；对合理范围内的匹配误差变化引起量测噪声统计特性发生变化，进而导致Kalman滤波精度下降的问题，研究采用改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法对量测噪声方差阵进行动态调整，使其更加接近系统的当前状态。搭建仿真验证平台对所提算法进行了验证，结果表明，该算法能够在合理的匹配误差范围内，有效地筛选出可信的图像匹配结果，相比常规Kalman滤波算法，显著地提升了INS/SAR组合导航系统水平方向的定位精度。     

基于惯性/偏振光/光流的六足步行机器人自主导航方法研究

针对惯性/卫星组合导航系统易受干扰或自主性不足等问题，引入偏振光传感器和光流传感器，分别建立航向角和速度量测方程，以辅助惯性导航系统，提出了一种基于惯性/偏振光/光流的自主导航方法。同时，为实现惯性传感器、偏振光传感器和光流传感器等多传感器的融合，设计了无迹Kalman滤波器。为验证该方法的有效性，以六足步行机器人为对象开展仿真和实验验证。结果表明，在没有卫星信号源的情况下，仅依靠机器人自身感知，可实现较高精度的机器人位姿估计，实现了不依赖于卫星导航信号的自主导航，提升了导航系统的自主性。     

GPS/BDS/INS tightly coupled integration accuracy improvement using an improved adaptive interacting multiple model with classified measurement update

An Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is commonly used to fuse raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements and Inertial Navigation System (INS) derived measurements. However, the Conventional EKF (CEKF) suffers the problem for which the uncertainty of the statistical properties to dynamic and measurement models will degrade the performance. In this research, an Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model (AIMM) filter is developed to enhance performance. The soft-switching property of Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm allows the adaptation between two levels of process noise, namely lower and upper bounds of the process noise. In particular, the Sage adaptive filtering is applied to adapt the measurement covariance on line. In addition, a classified measurement update strategy is utilized, which updates the pseudorange and Doppler observations sequentially. A field experiment was conducted to validate the proposed algorithm, the pseudorange and Doppler observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) were post-processed in differential mode. The results indicate that decimeter-level positioning accuracy is achievable with AIMM for GPS/INS and GPS/BDS/INS configurations, and the position accuracy is improved by 35.8%, 34.3% and 33.9% for north, east and height components, respectively, compared to the CEKF counterpart for GPS/BDS/INS. Degraded performance for BDS/INS is obtained due to the lower precision of BDS pseudorange observations.     

A new adaptive Kalman filter for navigation systems of carrier-based aircraft

The features of carrier-based aircraft’s navigation systems during the approach and landing phases are investigated. A new adaptive Kalman filter with unknown state noise statistics is proposed to improve the accuracy of the INS/GNSS integrated navigation system. The adaptive filtering algorithm aims to estimate and adapt the unknown state noise covariance Q in high dynamic conditions, when the measurement noise covariance R is assumed to be known empirically in advance. The new adaptive Kalman ...     

水下复杂环境下基于SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息融合的组合导航算法

针对复杂水下声场环境下高精度、长航时导航与定位的需求,构建了捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/超短基线(USBL)相对测量信息的观测方程和SINS/声学多普勒测速仪(DVL)的观测方程,提出了一种融合SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息的组合定位算法.为解决声学量测信息不确定引起的导航性能下降的问题,充分考虑水声野值所导致的...     

惯性／卫星组合导航开发平台的可视化仿真和实现

对惯性/卫星组合导航开发平台的可视化仿真及其实现进行了研究。该开发平台采用Visual++6.0语言进行编程,可进行实时导航动画显示,对惯性导航、GNSS及多种组合模态进行仿真运行,其结构和参数可由操作者根据实际情况选择或自行设定;特别针对不同的应用对象,可灵活地设置航迹和航路点,因此有较高的应用价值和实用意义,不失为设计组合导航系统的有力工具,在实际应用中对惯性/卫星组合导航系统研制和设计具有前瞻性和指导性。同时,模块化设计使该软件中的核心算法已方便地移植应用于实际工程组合导航系统中,收到了很好的效果。     

Multi-sensor optimal data fusion for INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation system

INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation system represents the trend of next generation navigation systems with the high performance of independence, high precision and reliability. This paper presents a new multi-sensor data fusion methodology for INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems. This methodology combines local decentralized fusion with global optimal fusion to enhance the accuracy and reliability of integrated navigation systems. A decentralized estimation fusion method is established for individual integrations of GPS and SAR into INS to obtain the local optimal state estimations in a parallel manner. A global optimal estimation fusion theory is studied to fuse the local optimal estimations for generating the global optimal state estimation of INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems. The global data fusion features a method of variance upper finiteness and a method of variance upper bound to ensure that the global optimal state estimation can be achieved under a general condition. Experimental results demonstrate that INS/GPS/SAR integrated navigation systems achieved by using the proposed methodology have a better performance than INS/GPS integrated systems.     

改进故障隔离的容错联邦滤波

为了解决重置模式下联邦滤波器中子系统故障对导航系统污染的问题,提出利用故障检测函数构建时变量测噪声的容错联邦滤波结构。通过将故障子滤波器等价为量测噪声趋于无穷大的正常系统,来取代传统的故障隔离方法;推导出了子滤波器对应的最优估计值,用以消除子滤波器估计次优性对故障检测的影响;采用动态信息分配系数,以减少故障信息对全局估计的影响。采用惯性/天文/景象/地形(INS/CNS/SMNS/TERCOM)的组合导航系统进行了仿真验证,结果表明该容错联邦滤波方法在子系统发生故障时的估计性能优于故障隔离方法。因此,所提方法具有提高故障子滤波器精度、保证无故障子滤波器鲁棒性以及全局估计精度的优势,具有较高的实用价值。     

Robust adaptive filtering method for SINS/SAR integrated navigation system

This paper presents a new robust adaptive filtering method for SINS/SAR (Strap-down Inertial Navigation System/Synthetic Aperture Radar) integrated navigation system. This method adopts the principle of robust estimation to adaptive filtering of observational data. A robust adaptive filter is developed to adaptively determine the covariance matrix of observation noise, and adaptively adjust the covariance matrix of system state noise according to the adaptive factor constructed based on predicted residuals. Experimental results and comparison analysis demonstrate that the proposed method cannot only effectively resist disturbances due to system state noise and observation noise, but it can also achieve higher accuracy than the adaptive Kalman filtering method.     

区域导航无人机空中基准站的多源信息融合容错导航系统研究

作为卫星导航系统的补充和备份,区域导航服务系统近年来得到较大发展。在基于无人机的区域导航服务系统中,无人机自身的定位精度对区域导航服务系统的可靠运行有直接的影响。针对无人机导航传感器及系统的容错和可靠性问题,设计了具有针对性和自优化功能的多源信息融合容错导航方案,提出了一种优化的基于矢量分配形式的自适应联邦滤波算法。通过对每个状态量设计不同的信息分配系数,实现传感器量测噪声的动态优化调整,有效减小了传感器故障对融合导航系统的影响,提高了无人机导航系统的鲁棒性。验证分析表明,该方法可以减小子滤波器故障信息对融合导航系统联邦滤波全局估计的影响,避免了故障子滤波器在信息重置过程中对系统造成的污染,提高和保障了无人机空中基准站多源信息融合导航系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

有色噪声作用下的机载INS/GPS组合导航方法

针对机载导航过程中有色噪声模型系数难以精确获取的问题,提出了一种基于滤波残差处理有色噪声的方法,并将其应用到INS/GPS组合导航系统中。首先分析了有色状态噪声和有色量测噪声对状态参数估值的影响,接着分别将状态残差和量测残差作为有色状态噪声和有色量测噪声的样本观测值,通过滤波所得的多个历元的残差序列获取拟合模型参数,然后计算有色噪声的预报值并将其进行补偿,从而得到有色噪声修正后的组合导航模型。最后设计了转台试验验证提出的有色噪声作用下的INS/GPS组合导航方法,结果表明该方法能有效地减小有色噪声对组合系统的影响,且当GPS暂时失效时,能显著提高系统的导航精度。     

INS/GNSS组合导航系统空中快速对准方法

针对机载惯性/全球导航卫星系统(INS/GNSS)组合导航系统地面静基座对准时间较长、航向对准精度较低以及惯导空中故障重启后无法快速得到精确姿态信息重新进入导航状态等问题,提出一种快速初始对准方法。该对准方法基于惯性导航比力方程,利用GNSS的定位、测速信息与惯性测量组件(IMU)的输出信息解算载体姿态信息,并结合遗传-牛顿算法与求和自回归滑动平均(ARIMA)模型卡尔曼滤波信号降噪技术提高姿态信息的解算精度。基于实测飞行数据的解算验证了该方法的有效性、对准精度以及在实际工程应用中的优越性。     

部分模糊度固定方法在GNSS/INS紧组合中的应用研究

针对动态环境下GNSS/INS导航定位模糊度固定难的问题,提出了一种基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合导航定位算法,通过选择模糊度的最优子集进行固定,并利用实测车载实验进行了算法验证.实验结果表明:在开阔环境下,基于部分模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合与基于全模糊度固定的GNSS/INS紧组合算法的定位精度相当,均为厘米级,但是使用部分模糊度固定算法可以有效地提升模糊度固定率;在城市环境下,基于部分模糊度固定的算法明显优于基于全模糊度固定的算法,前者东向精度提升了8％、北向精度提升了31％、天向精度提升了60％,且模糊度固定率提升了21.8％.     

基于联邦滤波结构的INS／GPS组合导航系统数据融合研究

为了研究平台式惯导INS（interial navigation system）和全球定位系统GPS（globe position system）组合导航联邦滤波器的实现,使用速度局部滤波器和位置局部滤波器,分别对INS／GPS组合导航系统的向东速度、向北速度,以及对经度和纬度进行卡尔曼滤波,然后将位置数据和速度数据输入主滤波进行数据融合。以无人机的向东匀速水平飞行为背景,运用联邦卡尔曼滤波器算法,使用matelab进行仿真分析。可以证明联邦滤波器算法简单,易于实现,并且可以提高导航系统精度．实际应用中此方法可行。     

鲁棒Kalman滤波及其在水下组合导航中的应用

在水下捷联惯导(SINS)/多普勒计程仪(DVL)组合导航系统中,当外部辅助信息受到野值等非高斯噪声污染时,选取调节因子γ为固定值将会降低基于Huber方法的鲁棒Kalman滤波(HRKF)算法的精度和鲁棒性。针对此问题,提出了一种基于马氏距离(MD)算法的调节因子自适应的鲁棒Kalman滤波(HRAKF)算法。首先利用MD算法对正常/异常的观测量进行辨识;进而建立γk递推关系式,并根据量测噪声特性对γ值进行实时调整;最后利用γk求取Huber权函数,并对量测噪声阵进行修正。选取8000s船载实测数据,分别利用Kalman滤波(KF)、HRKF及HRAKF算法进行水下组合导航半物理仿真试验。试验结果初步表明:在观测量受到野值或混合高斯分布噪声污染时,相较于KF和HRKF,HRAKF可实现更高精度、更加稳定的组合导航。