整星隔振器的隔振性能分析

根据某配重卫星对隔振性能要求,设计出了一种安装在适配器和星箭界面之间的整星隔振器.建立合理的整星隔振系统有限元模型,在星箭界面上分别施加特定的横向和轴向载荷谱,进行随机振动分析,以验证其隔振性能.对比施加隔振器前后的计算结果,说明所研制的整星隔振系统能够有效地隔离高频段卫星的横向和轴向振动,降低运载火箭发射时传递给卫星的环境载荷,提高卫星发射的可靠性.     

一箭多星发射的卫星振动环境分析与验证

某卫星采用一箭多星方式直接发射入轨,在星箭耦合分析中发现星箭界面部分频点振动环境明显高于原设计要求,导致卫星可能需要采取改进设计以满足该变化。为进一步明确卫星的环境适应性,文章首先针对超限频点开展刚度匹配分析和响应分析,识别可能存在的风险,并对识别出的服务舱+Y板采取改进措施;其次,开展整星动力学分析、星箭耦合分析,分析验证卫星及其组件的适应性,并提出了改进的地面试验条件,结果表明地面试验能够包络星箭耦合分析结果,试验是充分的;最后,通过飞行试验验证,证明地面试验能够包络在轨飞行振动环境,采取的分析验证和试验验证是可行的。该研究方法及所取得的结论可为解决后续卫星研制过程中类似问题提供参考。     

一箭多星发射直接入轨的卫星构型研究

针对中、高轨道一箭多星发射直接入轨的需求,基于卫星与运载火箭的接口、环境条件、包络与操作要求等约束,对卫星构型形式进行了研究。比较了一箭多星发射的几种卫星构型方案（包括中心承力筒式、板筒式、板架式和桁架式构型）,研究了星箭接口选用包带式和点式爆炸螺栓两种连接分离装置的适用性,并据此提出优选桁架式卫星构型和点式爆炸螺栓星箭接口形式,可为卫星结构特性优化和卫星平台通用化奠定基础。     

基于有限元--离散元耦合的粒子阻尼减振研究

在侧挂构型发射任务中，中心承力筒与卫星直接连接，其动力学特性对卫星的振动响应有直接影响。首先分析中心承力筒的模态特性，据此完成粒子阻尼器的结构参数设计。随后，使用有限元--离散元耦合仿真方法，确定了阻尼器填充粒子的最佳直径和阻尼器最佳安装位置。仿真结果表明，该方案下星箭界面减振效果可达40%。最后，使用最优粒子阻尼参数开展水平激励实验。实验结果表明，与未安装粒子阻尼器相比，中心承力筒+粒子阻尼器组合体的减振效果可达35%以上，与仿真结果一致。     

包带式星箭连接结构轴向刚度研究

包带锁紧装置广泛用于卫星和运载火箭之间的连接。在发射过程中,它起到连接星箭和传递载荷的作用,合理地确定包带连接结构的强度和刚度对卫星的成功发射至关重要。给出包带连接结构轴向刚度与包带结构参数、预紧力以及轴向拉力之间的关系,提高包带连接结构刚度预测的精确性。首先对包带连接结构各组件的受力情况进行分析;根据各组件受力特点,应用弹性力学理论推导了一定轴向拉力范围内包带连接结构的变形及刚度的解析表达式;最后,针对某型包带锁紧装置与有限元仿真结果进行对比,验证了分析方法和解析表达式的正确性。
     

一种星箭动态界面力识别方法

为获得卫星与运载火箭界面的动态载荷,提出了采用应变测量的识别方法:沿连接环表面设置测点,每个测点粘贴应变花测量该处应变,由升空过程中采集到的应变信号经理论分析即可辨识界面力。仿真分析证明,该方法对星箭界面动态载荷幅值的识别误差可达20%以下,能够满足工程需求,可对未来卫星力学环境识别的工程应用提供参考。     

变截面、高刚度的三星分配器结构优化设计

基于有限元仿真优化设计,提出了一种变截面、高刚度、并联式、带倾角的三星分配器结构,满足了某运载火箭并联式三星发射任务需求,经多发飞行试验验证效果良好,为后续一箭多星发射任务提供参考。     

卫星结构基础加速度激励及界面力识别试验研究

针对某卫星结构模型,开展基于实测卫星结构加速度的卫星基础激励和星-箭连接界面动载荷反演试验研究.首先,根据卫星结构和试验条件,设计了用于测量星-箭界面传递载荷的工装;其次,基于卫星结构模态试验和有限元模型修正技术,获取了卫星结构的高保真有限元模型;进一步,开展基础激励下的卫星结构模型振动试验,利用动载荷识别技术获取振动...     

星箭耦合力学分析中的卫星混合模型研究

为准确预示卫星所承受的载荷和动力学环境,需要卫星研制单位提供卫星动力学模型,进行星箭耦合动力学响应分析。随着“细长型”构型卫星逐步增多,仅以星箭界面载荷进行卫星强度校核会带来较严重的过设计,需要形成一种适应内部界面载荷提取的卫星分析模型生成方法。基于子结构缩聚及装配的基本原理,将卫星合理划分为多个子结构,推导了各子结构缩聚后质量和刚度矩阵的生成方式,介绍了子结构间物理连接单元与各子结构缩聚模型装配的原理以及卫星混合数学模型生成过程。以某典型卫星结构为例进行分析验证,结果表明:卫星混合模型在保留了缩聚模型各项优点基础上,实现了卫星内部界面物理单元的载荷输出。     

局限空间内的静态星模测试支架设计

某通用卫星平台配置的星敏感器设备的在轨热控制用星敏辐射器及其安装支架与星模安装位置存在空间干涉,在进行星模测试前必须先拆除星敏辐射器。文章针对此问题,对星敏设备安装流程和空间尺寸特点进行分析,提出一种用于受限操作空间的静态星模测试支架。通过计算星模测试所需的光轴角和旋转角的允差,经精确尺寸设计,利用结构微变形,合理设置测调策略,在受限空间的约束下实现了星模测试支架的小型化,以及星敏辐射器的安装与静态星模测试的兼容。静力分析和星上试验的结果均验证了设计的可行性。小型化星模测试支架的应用降低了卫星总装风险,优化了总装流程,提高了总装效率。     

The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994–1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

The development of a Russian communication satellite of small class, operating in the geostationary and high-elliptical orbits

In 1994-1995 Lavochkin Association (Russia) together with the other enterprises in accordance with technical requirements of the Russian Space agency, developed a new Russian communication satellite of a small class that will operate in both the geostationary (GSO) and high-elliptical (HEO) orbits. This satellite may be injected into operational orbits using a SOYUZ-2 launch vehicle (LV) and a FREGAT upper stage (US) from Plesetsk and Baykonur space launch sites (SLS).The main reason for creating such a satellite was to decrease the cost of the support and development of the Russian communication geostationary satellites group.Russian satellites Horizont, Express, Ekran and Gals, which operate in GSO, are the basis of the space segment for communications, radio and TV broadcasting. All of these satellites are injected into GSO by the PROTON LV. PROTON is a launch vehicle of a heavy class. The use of a middle class LV instead of a heavy class will allow to reduce considerably the launch cost. The change of a heavy class LV to a LV of middle class determined one economic reason for this project. Besides, the opportunity to launch S/C into GSO from Russian Plesetsk SLS increases the independence of Russia in the domain of space communications, despite the presence of the contract with Kazachstan about the rent of Baykonur SLS. Finally, use of small satellites with a rather small number of transponders is more effective than the use of big satellites. It will allow also to increase a satellite group (by the launch of additional satellites) precisely in accordance to the development of the ground segment.     

LM-11——The Main Force in China's Small Launch Vehicles for Commercial Launch

The Long March 11 launch vehicle(LM-11) is the only solid launch vehicle within China's new-generation launch vehicle series, enabling a full spectrum of Chinese launch vehicles. Compared with other China's LM series launch vehicles, it has the shortest launch preparation time. With the characteristics of appropriate launch capability, quick response, easy-to-use, flexible operation, universal interface and strong task adaptability, LM-11 can better meet the launch requirements for various small networking satellite, replacement and for emergency use. After four successful launches, LM-11 has become the main Chinese launch vehicle oriented to the international small satellite commercial launch market.     

大型星载天线桁架式可折展机构的模态分析

大型空间抛物柱面星载天线具有口径大、约束弱、刚度低、质量小等特点,其机构的空间稳定性直接决定天线的使用寿命和信息传输的可靠性。为准确获得大型空间星载天线在轨稳定性能参数,依据星载天线的高精度和长寿命的设计需求,提出一种新型抛物柱面星载天线结构形式,利用有限元仿真对该新型星载天线作模态分析,并分析相关参数。结果表明:采用Al7075材料的新型抛物柱面星载天线基频满足设计要求。同时,增加上下支杆和上下斜撑杆的截面尺寸可有效提高天线结构的固有频率。该研究为我国大型抛物柱面星载天线设计提供了理论支撑和技术参考。     

Technology and Market Prospect Analysis of Low Cost Small-lift Launch Vehicles for Small Satellites

The technological development status of new generation low cost small-lift launch vehicles applied to small satellite launch is investigated in this paper. The development trends are summarized, including low cost and rapid response capability, utilization of mature rocket and missile technology, the development of mobile launch technology adopting air-based platforms and use of innovative technology. Moreover, the external power and internal demand of the small-lift launch vehicle are analyzed and the market prospect is forecasted. Finally, proposals for the development of small-lift launch vehicles are put forward, including exploration of the potential of existing rocket and missile technology, development of multi-platform mobile launch technology and further application of innovative technology and ideas.     

机载固体运载火箭能力分析及轨道计算

以我国现有固体火箭发动机为动力装置，以带翼的三级固体运载火箭分析模型为依据，探讨机载火箭发射小型低轨卫星的可行性和现实性。     

航天运载器力学环境工程技术发展回顾及展望

近50年来,航天科技工作者对运载器发射飞行过程中的力学环境的认识逐步深入,带动了相关基础理论、预示方法、分析工具、试验技术和试验设备的不断发展。随着航天技术的快速发展,对运载器等的设计要求越来越高,火箭经受的力学环境也越来越恶劣,火箭力学环境预示与试验技术研究的迫切性日益突出。文章综合分析了力学环境预示与试验技术领域的研究发展状况,重点总结了北京强度环境研究所50年来为解决航天工程中的诸多力学环境问题所做的具体工作。最后,结合新时期航天项目的工程需求,提出了今后在航天运载器力学环境预示与试验技术研究领域的主要研究方向。     

运载火箭摇摆发动机与全箭动力学特性耦合关系研究

针对运载火箭“摆动发动机-伺服回路”负载频率低,可能影响全箭弹性模态稳定性的问题,首先建立了包含“发动机-伺服回路”动力学模型的全箭动力学模型,分析了“发动机－伺服回路”负载频率对伺服机构传递函数和控制系统开环传递函数特性的影响,指出了“发动机－伺服回路”负载频率与箭体弹性模态之间的动力学耦合关系,给出了保证弹性模态稳定的谐振频率判据,最后计算了保证全箭弹性模态稳定的负载频率边界值,并通过仿真算例验证了结果的正确性。研究结果表明,“发动机－伺服回路”局部的负载频率通过惯性负载力矩作用与全箭弹性模态形成耦合,当负载频率位于上、下边界值范围之内时就会导致某些弹性模态不稳定,因此在实际工程中应对负载频率进行限制,以保证运载火箭的飞行安全。
     

45% SiCp/Al复合材料的微动磨损试验设计与验证

针对运载发射阶段卫星锁轴机构45%SiCp/Al复合材料与TC4材料之间可能存在的微动摩擦磨损与切向接触刚度问题，本文在调研和仿真分析的基础上，设计等效的扫频微动摩擦磨损试验系统。通过夹持力的标定保证最大影响因素接触应力的一致，采用扫频振动模拟摩擦副受载工况，并对45%SiCp/Al复合材料试件表面形貌进行振前振后检测。试验结果表明，45%SiCp/Al复合材料在较高的形状精度和表面粗糙度条件下，能够承受较大载荷的微动摩擦，摩擦副结合面具有良好的切向接触刚度。