脉冲发动机陶瓷隔板的设计和试验研究

提出了陶瓷隔板及其组件的设计方法,对陶瓷隔板结构进行应力计算,得到了符合工作要求的陶瓷隔板结构形式。对有无刻痕的2个陶瓷隔板进行了耐压和破碎试验,并对试验结果进行了分析。研究表明,采用可切削加工玻璃陶瓷材料设计的等厚度圆拱形隔板具有凸侧耐压高不易破碎、凹侧耐压低易破碎的特点,满足脉冲发动机隔板使用要求。隔板拱顶和隔板与预紧压盖接触边界附近为应力较大区域。有刻痕隔板虽未完全按刻痕破碎,但刻痕减小了隔板碎片形状和尺寸的随机性,有助于形成规则的破口形状。     

多脉冲固体火箭发动机陶瓷舱盖结构分析

针对多脉冲火箭发动机用陶瓷舱盖材料拉压模量不同的特性,利用ANSYS软件建立了平面轴对称有限元模型,分析了隔舱接触面上的压力与摩擦力对舱盖危险点应力的影响。结果表明,无论舱盖凸面受压还是凹面受压,轴心凸面处始终是结构的危险位置;增大结构预紧力并减小接触面的摩擦力可改善舱盖的应力分布。     

碳化硅—硼化钛复合陶瓷电火花加工工艺

分析了添加良导体对碳化硅陶瓷导电性能的影响规律及电火花加工性能，研究了电火花加工ＳｉＣ－ＴｉＢ２复合陶瓷时，电参数，电极材料及工作介质对工艺指标的影响。说明了在发动机上使用的耐热陶瓷，采用电火花加工是可行的。     

双脉冲固体发动机隔板预紧载荷数值分析

针对装配预紧力载荷容易导致双脉冲固体火箭发动机陶瓷隔板破坏的问题,利用ANSYS软件建立了陶瓷隔板组件的平面轴对称有限元模型,分析了陶瓷隔板与其支撑紧固件之间的相互作用。认为陶瓷隔板与紧固件之间接触压力引起的翘曲变形是引起破坏的直接因素,发现等厚度设计形式的陶瓷隔板对预紧载荷的承受能力不足,难以保证其安全装配。计算分析了各结构设计参数对提高陶瓷隔板预紧载荷承受能力的影响,发现修改紧固件结构成效不理想,较合理的方法是优化陶瓷隔板的设计形式,提高其预紧力载荷承载能力的同时兼顾较好的易碎性。     

高温结构陶瓷材料的制造及应用

本文叙述了耐高温结构陶瓷(SiC、Si_3N_4)的制造工艺;扼要评述了该材料的物理性能;简要介绍了在增韧方面所取得的进展;最后,提到陶瓷/陶瓷材料,认为该材料在固体发动机喷管上作耐热结构件是很有前途的。     

发动机主承力构件热结构特性分析

液体火箭发动机随着推力增大,振动量级会变得更加剧烈,工作环境也会更为恶劣.因此,需要对承力结构的结构变形、摇摆间隙、与总体对接面变形情况以及各组件间接口可靠性进行详尽研究.以某型号发动机的主承力构件为研究对象,首先通过CFD方法得到工作状态下发动机内部的压力及温度载荷,然后将得到的温度和压力载荷做为应力分析的边界条件,对发动机主承力构件进行有限元分析.通过对计算得到的应力场进行分析,寻找到发动机危险截面,对这些截面上的应力采用应力线性化手段进行应力分类,最终通过应力强度评定原则对各类应力进行强度评定,以校核强度是否满足要求.校核结果表明该主承力构件的强度满足安全要求.     

液体火箭发动机的热结构复合材料

20多年来,火箭工程设计人员一直在研究耐高温、抗氧化陶瓷材料的应用可能性,但是这些材料的主要缺点是易碎和抗热壅塞性差.目前工业用碳陶瓷和陶瓷-陶瓷结构复合材料具有很好的弹性和很强的抗热壅塞性能,这重新引起了人们制造高温火箭发动机复合材料部件的兴趣.这类新材料目前正由欧洲动力装备公司(SEP)生产,其名为SEPCARB和CERASEP,它们具有独特的热和机械性能,可以取代难熔金属而应用于可贮存二元推进剂火箭发动机的整体式喷管和推力室.装有这些部件的工艺发动机已经试验成功,从而为下一代火箭发动机的生产铺平了道路.     

主动冷却超燃冲压发动机最大工作马赫数评估

采用主动冷却方式对超燃冲压发动机进行热防护是解决其长时间工作的有效措施。针对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室恶劣的热环境,设计了一种基于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的主动冷却结构,建立了发动机主动冷却结构设计的数学模型。引入发动机冷却液流量系数,从飞行器整体热防护角度出发,以发动机燃烧室主动冷却结构中冷却液的出口温度为依据来评价超燃冲压发动机可以达到的最大工作马赫数,以及分析发动机冷却液流量系数、飞行高度和燃烧室化学反应当量比对最大工作马赫数的影响。结果表明,增加冷却液流量系数、适当降低飞行高度、一定范围内提高化学反应当量比,可降低冷却液出口温度,从而提高发动机的最大工作马赫数。     

固体火箭发动机药柱主动段飞行时应力应变分析

为了探讨固体火箭发动机药柱主动段飞行时的形变、应力和应变变化规律,以星形药型发动机为例,采用三维粘弹性有限元法,根据推进剂药柱的燃烧规律,通过计算发动机药柱在整个工作过程中不同烧蚀情况下各构成部分的结构响应,得到了主动段飞行时发动机药柱在不同环境温度、燃气内压与轴向过载联合作用下位移、应力和应变场随时间的变化规律。结果表明,低温点火发射时,内压增压至峰值时为发动机最危险时刻。     

RBCC发动机主被动复合热防护方案研究

随着对RBCC发动机研究的不断深入,热防护问题已经成为其走向工程应用的关键之一,本文针对RBCC发动机开展了热防护方案的研究。首先,采用数值模拟对RBCC发动机各模态下的热环境进行了分析;然后,进行了RBCC热防护方案的论证,认为目前材料和技术水平下全主动和全被动方案很难满足RBCC热防护的要求;在此基础上,提出了一种主被动相结合的复合热防护方案,并完成了复合热防护方案的设计。该方案内壁整体采用C/Si C陶瓷基复合材料,在受热比较严重的部位加装再生冷却模块,较好地解决了RBCC发动机冷却剂流量不够的问题。通过对方案的校核计算表明,该方案可满足长时间工作RBCC的热防护需要。     

弹簧锁片受力分析

采用弹性力学的分析方法，针对弹簧锁片这个延伸喷管的关键部分，建立了薄板的小挠度弯曲模型和单向压缩模型，对其在发动机工作过程中的受力状态进行了计算分析，从而对锁片设计提供了理论参考依据。     

Design and experimental studies on ceramic port cover for dual pulse motor

Material and definition of dome-shaped ceramic port cover contour is presented. Two types of ceramic port covers with equal thickness and variable thickness structures are proposed. A group of cold-flow tests was carried out on a reusable dual pulse motor in which the performances of different port covers including sealing, first-pulse pressure bearing and second-pulse broken pressure were experimentally studied. A solid dual pulse motor for hot-firing test was designed, manufactured and statically tested. The feasibility of proposed bulkhead with ceramic port cover employed on actual solid dual pulse motor was proved. It is found that dome-shaped port cover made from machinable glass ceramic withstands a high pressure on its convex side, but is prone to fragmentation while imposing a reasonably low pressure on its concave side. The peripherally thickened port cover that is more robust in machining and assembly process is recommended. Grooves milled on the port cover induce fragmentation and are helpful to produce regular broken aperture shape. The bulkhead assembly consists of retaining ring, port cover and supporting ring can well fulfill the requirements of port cover in fixing, preloading and sealing. The broken fragments are less likely to damage the insulation structures of the combustion chamber and the nozzle unit which had been validated in the test.     

1700℃高温、有氧及时变环境下隔热性能试验研究

针对高超声速飞行器面临极端高温热环境、飞行器外壳单侧面受热以及温度历程非线性时变的特点,自行设计并建立辐射式极端高温氧化环境下的单侧面试验加热装置,实现了1700℃高温有氧环境下对高超声速飞行器热防护材料的隔热性能试验测试。同时,对轻质陶瓷材料试验件和新型陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构在高达1700℃的高温氧化环境下的隔热性能进行试验测试,并对不同材料及其组合模式进行对比分析,优选高效能的隔热方案,发现陶瓷、纳米材料复合结构试验件比单层轻质陶瓷材料试验件的隔热效果提高了约50%。另外,生成了极端高温非线性时变热环境,并进行相应的隔热性能试验。通过建立极端高温、有氧、单侧面加热、非线性时变热环境试验系统及其实际应用研究,为高超声速飞行器的热防护设计提供重要的试验手段。     

纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系

从细观力学角度分析并建立了纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料从制备温度冷却到室温过程中产生的残余热应力与复合材料的比例极限应力的关系模型。该模型表明,减少复合材料的残余热应力或提高复合材料的纤维与基体的模量比,均可提高复合材料的比例极限应力。通过单调拉伸实验测试了先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备的2D SiC/SiC复合材料的比例极限应力,并采用文中建立的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系模型,计算出复合材料SiC基体的残余热应力为-19.5 MPa。分析表明,该结果是合理的。此外,引用了公开文献报道的5种复合材料体系数据,用于验证文中所建立的比例极限应力与残余热应力关系模型的适应性和可靠性,计算结果与实验结果最大误差为18.6%,表明该模型具有较好的适应性和可靠性,可为纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料的研究提供新思路。     

Active Current Sharing of LCLC Resonant Converter with Switch‑Controlled‑Capacitor Technology

In this paper,an interleaved LCLC converter with enhancement-mode(E-mode)GaN devices is introduced to achieve the accurate current sharing performance for data center applications. Any tolerance in the resonant tank elements can lead to large load imbalance between any two different phases. Due to the steep gain curves of LCLC converters,conventional current sharing methods are not effective. In the proposed converter,the impedances of the resonant networks are matched by switching a capacitor,i.e.,switch controlled capacitor(SCC),in series with the resonant capacitor in one or some of the phases,which results in accurate load current sharing among the phases with an accuracy around 0.025%. The load share of a phase is sensed through the resonant current on it,and the control logic applied to such current sharing can be achieved. By this method,accurate current sharing is achieved for a wide input voltage range required for the hold-up time in data center applications. Interleaving is applied in the proposed multiphase LCLC converter,resulting in low current stress on the output capacitor and allowing ceramic capacitor implementation. Moreover,phase shedding accomplishes high light load efficiency. The performance of the proposed interleaved LCLC converter is verified by a two-phase 1 k W prototype with an input voltage ranging from 250 V to 400 V and a fixed 12 V output voltage.     

SiP陶瓷芯片水汽含量控制工艺方法研究

结合宇航级陶瓷封装芯片的特点和水汽控制要求,对SiP陶瓷封装工艺进行了研究,分析了陶瓷封装过程中产生水汽的各个因素,优化了封装生产工艺流程,增加了预烘转运过程下厂监制,保证了转运时间的工艺过程管控,通过试验验证了管控措施的有效性。     

C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料与铌合金钎焊机理研究

阐述了C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料与铌合金的活性钎焊连接方式,通过扫描电镜、金相分析等手段,研究了钛基和铜基活性钎焊料分别在C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料和铌合金上的润湿性,并分析了两种材料的钎焊连接界面的微观元素扩散特征。研究结果表明,陶瓷基复合材料与铌合金的活性钎焊机理主要是通过钎焊料中的活性元素分别向陶瓷和铌合金中扩散并发生化学反应,从而实现三者之间的良好键合。     

Fragmentation of hypervelocity aluminum projectiles on fabrics

This paper presents work performed for a study investigating the ability of different flexible materials to induce fragmentation of a hypervelocity projectile. Samples were chosen to represent a wide range of industrially available types of flexible materials like ceramic, aramid and carbon fabrics as well as a thin metallic mesh. Impact conditions and areal density were kept constant for all targets. Betacloth and multi-layer insulation (B-MLI) are mounted onto the targets to account for thermal system engineering requirements. All tests were performed using the Space light-gas gun facility (SLGG) of the Fraunhofer Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI. Projectiles were aluminum spheres with 5 mm diameter impacting at approximately 6.3 km/s. Fragmentation was evaluated using a witness plate behind the target. An aramid and a ceramic fabric lead the ranking of fabrics with the best projectile fragmentation and debris cloud dispersion performance. A comparison with an equal-density rigid aluminum plate is presented. The work presented can be applied to optimize the micrometeoroid and space debris (MM/SD) shielding structure of inflatable modules.     

An innovative concept for the AsteroidFinder/SSB focal plane assembly

This paper gives a summary on the system concept and design of the focal plane assembly of AsteroidFinder/SSB, a small satellite mission which is currently under development at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). An athermal design concept has been developed in accordance to the requirements of the instrument and spacecraft. Key aspects leading to this approach have been a trade-off study of the mechanical telescope interface, the definition of electrical and thermal interfaces and a material selection which minimizes thermally induced stresses. As a novelty, the structure will be manufactured from a machinable AlN–BN composite ceramic. To enable rapid design iterations and development, an integrated modeling approach has been used to conduct a thermo-mechanical analysis of the proposed concept in order to proof its feasibility. The steady-state temperature distribution for various load cases and the resulting stress and strain within the assembly have both been computed using a finite element simulation.