基于CPU+FPGA的罗兰C导航系统模拟器

根据罗兰C导航系统信号的基本特征,以软件无线电理论为指导思想,设计一种罗兰C系统信号模拟器。该模拟器采用通用计算机和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片构建上位机、下位机架构,基于PCIE进行上下位机通信,模拟产生罗兰C导航系统信号。针对实际信号环境,该模拟器可以模拟多台链信号、天波信号、单频干扰、噪声干扰等信号场景。该模拟器可应用于罗兰C信号特征研究及接收设备的维修检测等。     

天线阵方向图无人机测试系统研究

本文针对大型米波接收相控阵天线方向图的测量需求,研究了一种基于无人机的测试系统。阐述了测试系统在接收阵天线方向图测量应用中的必要性、可行性和相关技术问题;定性地分析了无人机测量相控阵天线的各种测量误差来源;探讨并提出了一种针对性强、工程可实现性高的测试系统的设计方案和思路。     

罗兰—C精密时间同步中有关周期识别问题的探讨

一、问题的提出目前,罗兰—C标准信号作为一种精密时间标准信号已广泛用于北半球各国时频基准铯原子钟的洲际比对。由于罗兰—C系统采用了低频(100kHz)地波传播和相位编码。并用铯原子频标控制罗兰—C台的发射,因     

无人直升机多天线通信信道建模及性能分析

在单天线航空信道模型的基础上,提出了一种无人直升机多天线通信信道的统计模型.分析了信道的时延扩展、多普勒扩展和角度扩展特性,研究了机身对天线的遮挡效应及多天线信号之间的干涉问题.根据模型特点建立了一种准确有效的仿真模型,给出了延迟功率谱、空间相关性、多普勒功率谱和机身遮挡效应的仿真方法.利用该模型在途中飞行、任务区盘旋和起飞/降落这3种飞行状态下对单天线和多天线信道的误码性能进行了对比仿真分析,验证了差分空时编码在无人直升机多天线通信系统中的良好性能.该模型可用于无人直升机多天线通信系统的调制和编码技术研究.     

分布式天线组阵优选设计

分布式天线组阵是指利用现有的天线资源,使用较低成本实现超大的天线口径。针对分布式天线组阵中,不同口径天线接收信号信噪比差异较大,任意天线是否均可引入天线阵中,加入较低接收信噪比的信号进行组阵合成能否提高最终合成信号的误码率性能等问题,提出了分布式天线组阵的优选准则。该准则依据载频、时延以及相位这三者估计算法的性能及其克拉美罗性能下界,证实当接收信号信噪比低于载频估计的异常值效应门限时,受载频差估计精度急剧恶化的影响,将该信号加入天线阵中进行合成将引起最终合成信号误码率性能的恶化。系统仿真算例验证了结论的正确性,为我国未来深空探测任务提供可靠的保障。     

用于无线测量传输系统的双波段天线四功能馈源

双波段天线四功能馈源,属于改进的一种微波天线设备,可以同时传输C波段收、发信号和Ku波段收、发信号.通常的一副微波天线只接收一个波段的接收信号、并/或发射一个波段的发射信号.同时接收二个波段、发射二个波段的信号需要用二副天线,本设计可以用一副天线完成.本设计是将C波段馈源与Ku波段馈源通过串馈连接做在一个整体上,将它放在抛物面天线的焦点上,通过4个波导输出口与外部信号连接,实现双收、双发的功能.本设计不仅提高了经济效益而且节省了安装天线的占地面积,这对于天线安装在塔尖或房顶上是很重要的.     

低频时码信号模拟器的设计与实现

介绍的低频时码系统是指在罗兰C导航系统中的脉冲相位编码调制的基础上,引入平衡脉冲位移调制,发播标准时间和导航信息的一种方法。设计了一低频时码信号模拟器,该低频时码可以用于基于罗兰C的组合导航系统中。在设计中考虑到罗兰C导航易受多种信号干扰的实际情况,应用了具有一定帧同步能力的CRC、RS编码方式,在此基础上介绍了这种低频时码模拟器的一种实现方案。     

有源集成背馈式接收天线设计

为了提高接收天线系统的增益以及灵敏度,对于天线与射频前端组成的接收系统采用了一种有源集成接收天线的设计方案,从而省略了传统设计中的有源电路与微带天线之间的匹配网络.依照此方案,设计并实现了一个背馈结构的矩形微带天线与前级低噪声放大器电路的有源集成.矩形微带天线的馈电点与低噪声放大器的输入端通过金属探针相连,当天线在2.48?GHz谐振时,通过选择合适的馈电点位置,天线产生放大器设计所需的输入阻抗.有源集成背馈式接收天线工作于S波段,最终的测试结果显示了其优良的特性.     

长河二号授时监测接收机设计与实现

长波授时系统是目前国际上授时精度较高的大型地基无线电授时服务系统，其授时信号采用罗兰C信号发播体制，具有作用距离远、稳定性好、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。针对GNSS信号在某些特定区域易被干扰、易失锁的问题，设计并实现了一种长河二号授时监测接收机，采用信号完好性检测、ASF（附加二次相位因子）时延修正等技术，实现了高精度、高可靠长波授时与时差监测，可作为GNSS授时的重要补充手段。     

长河二号授时监测接收机设计与实现

长波授时系统是目前国际上授时精度较高的大型地基无线电授时服务系统,其授时信号采用罗兰C信号发播体制,具有作用距离远、稳定性好、可靠性高、抗干扰能力强等优点。针对GNSS信号在某些特定区域易被干扰、易失锁的问题,设计并实现了一种长河二号授时监测接收机,采用信号完好性检测、ASF(附加二次相位因子)时延修正等技术,实现了高精度、高可靠长波授时与时差监测,可作为GNSS授时的重要补充手段。     

基于模拟场景的接收机授时接口测试方法

介绍了接收机授时接口的工作原理，提出了一种基于模拟工作场景的接收机授时接口新型测试方法，通过设计程控IRIG-B时间码发生器模拟产生异常时码，测试了接收机授时接口的容错性，并以长期授时测试场景用例检验了接收机授时接口工作稳定性，解决了实验室条件下接收机数据时间戳乱序、长期工作中时间戳跳变以及接收机授时信号异常控制等授时接口测试的难题。     

同步式GPS欺骗干扰信号生成技术研究与设计

出于对"低、慢、小"无人机进行导航定位诱骗的实际需求,在实验室原有的异步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源的基础上,研制了一种小型化的同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源。首先,在异步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源射频信号模型的基础上,考虑到干扰源信号处理延时、欺骗信号的传播延时、无人机上目标接收机所接收真实卫星信号状态以及无人机运动模型,建立了对同步欺骗信号仿真时间和状态参数进行精确计算的数学模型。其次,通过本地授时型接收机提供驯服后的基准时钟和秒脉冲（1PPS）信号,实现欺骗干扰信号与真实卫星信号系统时的同步,并通过高阶直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术精确控制信号参数、保证欺骗信号到达目标接收机接收天线相位中心时与真实信号的相位状态在成功诱骗所允许的误差范围之内。最后,通过商用接收机和无人机进行了实验验证,在无人机上目标接收机正常跟踪真实卫星信号的前提下,开启同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源发射欺骗信号,能够使目标接收机逐渐偏离正常定位测速结果而产生受控的定位测速结果。结果验证了同步信号模型和所设计同步信号生成电路的正确性,且表明同步生成式GPS欺骗干扰源能够实现对商用接收机和无人机导航定位的诱骗。      

辅助型GPS接收机中伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计算法研究

快速捕获卫星信号是研制辅助型GPS (A-GPS)接收机所必须解决的一项关键技术. 针对A-GPS接收机能从辅助数据中获取有效星历的特点, 本文提出了一种伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计算法. 该算法在对建立的信号发射时刻方程泰勒展开的基础上, 利用辅助信息建立了伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计方程. 分析和仿真表明, 提出的算法能有效压缩剩余卫星伪码相位延时不确定度, 加快A-GPS接收机的捕获速度.      

Fast calibration of between-receiver GPS/Galileo/BDS differential phase bias with millimeter accuracy based on short baseline mode

The differential code and phase biases induced by the receiver hardware (including receiver, antenna, firmware, etc.) of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have significant effects on precise timing and ionosphere sensing, thus deserve careful treatment. In this contribution, we propose an approach to fast fix the single-difference ambiguity to finally obtain the unbiased estimates of between-receiver differential phase bias (BR-DPB) and between-receiver differential code-phase bias (BR-DCPB) based on the short baseline mode. The key to this method is that the error sources can be significantly eliminated due to the length of the baseline is very short. At the same time, the empirical constraints and random characteristics of BR-DPB/BR-DCPB were considered, which is conducive to the resolution of single-difference ambiguity. Several sets of GNSS data (GPS L1/L2, Galileo E1/E5b, and BDS B1/B3), recorded by the short baselines in an interval of 30 s and covered a broad range of receiver/antenna types (JAVA, SEPT, LEIC, and TRIM), were used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical tests show that the proposed method is capable of fast fixing the single-difference ambiguity successfully within a few epochs and then providing the unbiased estimates of BR-DPB and BR-DCPB in an epoch-by-epoch manner. Experiments show that the estimated BR-DPB is in millimeter accuracy, which is of great significance for the millimeter-accuracy phase time transfer and ionospheric delay estimation. Furthermore, the calibrated BR-DPB/BR-DCPB can be treated as the known products for long-distance precise timing and ionosphere sensing based on the inter-station single-difference model.     

GPS时差数据采集器的研制

介绍一种用于ＧＰＳ定时接收机自动数据采集的专用装置，该装置利用单片机技术实现ＧＰＳ定时接收机的时差有关数据按程序进行采集与存贮。对电路设计和软件设计作了全面说明。     

FPGA在超周期延时电路中的应用

一般电路的暂态输出时间相对不是很长 ,而且电路的输入触发信号时间应小于输出时间的长度 ,这种电路设计思想有时满足不了某些场合的实际工程需要。为此 ,本文结合工程实际需要给出了利用FPGA设计超周期延时功能模块 ,该模块能准确的进行时序控制 ,可以不修改硬件满足时序要求。     

面向时间应用的可驯服铷钟

研制一种面向时间应用的GPS可驯服铷钟。当铷钟被GPS驯服后,它输出的秒信号实时同步于GPS接收机的秒信号。同时,铷钟和GPS接收机之间的时间差的数据通过一个比例积分控制器去校正铷钟的频率准确度。驯服后,两台GPS驯服铷钟之间的时间差小于20ns、频率差小于1E-12/d。使用一台专用的GPS信号处理板和特定的GPS接收机,时间差可小于5ns。     

The use of ionospheric tomography and elevation masks to reduce the overall error in single-frequency GPS timing applications

Signals from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites at the horizon or at low elevations are often excluded from a GPS solution because they experience considerable ionospheric delays and multipath effects. Their exclusion can degrade the overall satellite geometry for the calculations, resulting in greater errors; an effect known as the Dilution of Precision (DOP). In contrast, signals from high elevation satellites experience less ionospheric delays and multipath effects. The aim is to find a balance in the choice of elevation mask, to reduce the propagation delays and multipath whilst maintaining good satellite geometry, and to use tomography to correct for the ionosphere and thus improve single-frequency GPS timing accuracy. GPS data, collected from a global network of dual-frequency GPS receivers, have been used to produce four GPS timing solutions, each with a different ionospheric compensation technique. One solution uses a 4D tomographic algorithm, Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS), to compensate for the ionospheric delay. Maps of ionospheric electron density are produced and used to correct the single-frequency pseudorange observations. This method is compared to a dual-frequency solution and two other single-frequency solutions: one does not include any ionospheric compensation and the other uses the broadcast Klobuchar model. Data from the solar maximum year 2002 and October 2003 have been investigated to display results when the ionospheric delays are large and variable. The study focuses on Europe and results are produced for the chosen test site, VILL (Villafranca, Spain). The effects of excluding all of the GPS satellites below various elevation masks, ranging from 5° to 40°, on timing solutions for fixed (static) and mobile (moving) situations are presented. The greatest timing accuracies when using the fixed GPS receiver technique are obtained by using a 40° mask, rather than a 5° mask. The mobile GPS timing solutions are most accurate when satellites at lower elevations continue to be included: using a mask between 10° and 20°. MIDAS offers the most accurate and least variable single-frequency timing solution and accuracies to within 10 ns are achieved for fixed GPS receiver situations. Future improvements are anticipated by combining both GPS and Galileo data towards computing a timing solution.     

Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

观测站稀疏地区的WAAS电离层时延网格修正算法

在改进的广域增强系统电离层时延网格算法的基础上，给出了针对观测量比较少的地区比较适用的电离层时延网格修正算法，并通过模拟数据和GPS实测数据与原方法进行了分析比较．结果表明，在观测站稀疏的情况下，本文的计算方法模式的精度比原方法有较大的提高．