混合导航星座卫星重构方法研究

讨论了混合导航星座的中高轨道(MEO)子星座重构策略和同轨道面内重构的方法,分析了重构优化目标与方法。仿真结果表明:MEO子星座卫星配置可满足混合导航星座任务转换的需求,当卫星转移的相位角及转移高度确定时,转移时间与转移能量成反比。     

基于遗传算法的全球导航星座重构研究

全球卫星导航系统在部分卫星失效的情况下会引起地面导航性能下降甚至造成导航服务中断,但卫星数量众多的全球导航星座本身具有一定冗余性,在少数卫星失效时可以通过调整剩余工作卫星的轨道来降低失效影响。这种星座重构的维护方式具有快速响应故障和故障针对性强的特点。在星座重构中涉及到选取调整卫星及其轨道参数的问题。分析了用遗传算法实现星座重构方案优化的编码、适应度选取和进化过程,利用C 结合STK和GALIB完成了对24MEO 4GEO构成的全球导航星座在3颗以下MEO卫星失效时的星座重构方案优化,并对多种星座重构的轨道机动方案进行了对比。     

具有星间链路的导航星座重构研究

针对具有星间链路的导航星座在卫星节点或链路失效情况下的重构优化设计问题,提出了一种基于遗传算法的设计方法。首先,根据导航星座的功能需求与设计约束,建立了星座综合重构优化设计模型。其次,提出了基于遗传算法的综合优化设计方法,并根据问题特性对遗传算法的具体操作进行了修改。最后,应用该方法对Walker 24/3/2构型星座及网状星间网络在节点和链路混合故障模式下的重构进行了优化设计。结果表明,基于该方法重构后的星座与网络拓扑性能能够得到一定程度的改善,证明了方法的可行性。     

一种提高导航卫星星座自主定轨精度的方法研究

针对近地导航卫星仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨时,因无法消除星座整体旋转误差而导致长期自主定轨精度不高的问题,提出了利用拉格朗日导航卫星星座与近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的方法。建立了拉格朗日轨道导航卫星星座和近地导航卫星星座联合仅利用星间测距进行自主定轨的动力学模型和观测模型。利用扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）算法和星间测距信息实现了拉格朗日轨道导航星座与近地导航星座的长期自主定轨。以4颗拉格朗日卫星组成的导航星座与12颗GPS卫星组成的近地导航星座作为仿真对象进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明本文仅利用星间测距的联合自主定轨方法可以有效提高导航卫星星座的长期自主定轨精度。
     

区域观察小卫星星座重构方法研究

在对地观测任务中，经过优化设计的卫星星座通常具有较强的适应能力。但是，当星座中某颗卫星失效或地面需求发生变化时，就需要进行星座重构，以恢复或增强对部分地区的观察能力。提出了小卫星区域观察组网的方法，重点探讨了在应急情况下区域观察小卫星星座的重构问题，研究了节省能量的卫星轨道机动方法，特别提出了保持轨道属性和星座基本构形的预置量机动方法，分析了应急机动星座重构的几种情况，给出了每种情况的星座重构策略。     

星座设计中避免卫星碰撞问题的研究

随着小卫星技术的发展 ,越来越多的航天任务采用小卫星星座来完成 ,在星座的设计过程中需要考虑的因素众多。本文从星座运行的安全性角度 ,分析了星座中卫星发生碰撞的机会和碰撞概率 ,对星座中存在的卫星之间可能发生的碰撞问题进行了研究 ,并提出了解决方法     

卫星导航系统星座可用性分析

星座可用性指标是在用户层面上反映星座工作状态的重要指标.随着卫星在轨运行时间的增加,卫星的可靠性会不断降低,星座可用性也会随之下降.在考虑卫星故障概率的条件下,本文提出综合运用贝叶斯网和马尔科夫链进行星座可用性分析的方法,剖析了导航星座中卫星故障与导航应用服务中断之间的相互关系,简化了星座可用性的建模过程.结合中断分析数据,量化评估了星座可用性,并利用灵敏度分析找出星座薄弱环节.该方法可为导航星座设计方案优化权衡提供量化依据.     

基于负载均衡的导航时分网络建链优化技术研究

导航卫星可基于相控阵星间链路构成覆盖全球的时分捷变网络,文章针对卫星之间建链拓扑的优化问题进行研究。首先,建立导航卫星星座动态时分建链的拓扑模型,确定了在特定路由策略下,信息路径及网络节点负荷由网络拓扑唯一确定的原则,并分析了导航卫星网络业务流量不对称的特征。然后,基于导航星座模型提出基于目标评价函数进行负载均衡的网络拓扑优化方法,形成建链优化方法的计算步骤。最后,以网络时延和接入能力为指标验证时分网络建链规划方法对负载进行均衡的性能。仿真结果证明了基于负载均衡的时分网络建链优化方法的可行性,对全球卫星导航系统的星间链路管理与运行具有参考价值。     

国外卫星星座自主运行技术发展综述

综述国外卫星星座自主运行技术的研究和发展情况,重点介绍了导航星座、移动通信星座和区域覆盖星座的自主导航和自主轨道控制技术的发展现状,并对实现星座自主控制的关键技术进行了分析。这为我国发展星座自主控制技术提供参考。     

星座导航与控制分布式仿真系统设计

基于HLA/RTI和STK,设计了卫星星座导航与控制分布式仿真系统.仿真系统中每颗卫星均由单独的计算机模拟,可真实地反映星座的运行情况,更好地模拟星间链路;卫星轨道精确外推、星间链路优化、基于基准星和星间距离测量的分布式导航以及基于相对轨道根数的星座绝对站位保持等关键技术也融入到系统中;仿真系统还具有直观的二维、三维场景和曲线动态可视化演示功能.结合具体的WaIker星座实例,仿真星座稳定运行180天,系统运行结果表明所设计的仿真系统及采用的关键技术能够满足仿真与评估的需求.另外,在一定程度上该仿真系统还支持其它卫星星座的仿真与评估.     

一种多任务导航星座设计方法

在分析多任务导航星座中心任务和附加任务的基础上,用n 1重覆盖率评价星座对地面的覆盖性能,基于运筹图论对多任务星座设计及选星方案进行了研究。仿真结果表明,由该法确定的选星方案可满足多任务星座的使命要求。     

Optimal reconfiguration maneuvers for spacecraft imaging arrays in multi-body regimes

Upcoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) mission concepts include satellite arrays to facilitate imaging and identification of distant planets. These mission scenarios are diverse, including designs such as the terrestrial planet finder-occulter (TPF-O), where a monolithic telescope is aided by a single occulter spacecraft, and the micro-arcsecond X-ray imaging mission (MAXIM), where as many as 16 spacecraft move together to form a space interferometer. Each design, however, requires precise reconfiguration and star tracking in potentially complex dynamic regimes. This paper explores control methods for satellite imaging array reconfiguration in multi-body systems. Specifically, optimal nonlinear control and geometric control methods are derived and compared to the more traditional linear quadratic regulators, as well as input state feedback linearization. These control strategies are implemented and evaluated for the TPF-O mission concept.     

Optimal reconfiguration maneuvers for spacecraft imaging arrays in multi-body regimes

Upcoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) mission concepts include satellite arrays to facilitate imaging and identification of distant planets. These mission scenarios are diverse, including designs such as the terrestrial planet finder-occulter (TPF-O), where a monolithic telescope is aided by a single occulter spacecraft, and the micro-arcsecond X-ray imaging mission (MAXIM), where as many as 16 spacecraft move together to form a space interferometer. Each design, however, requires precise reconfiguration and star tracking in potentially complex dynamic regimes. This paper explores control methods for satellite imaging array reconfiguration in multi-body systems. Specifically, optimal nonlinear control and geometric control methods are derived and compared to the more traditional linear quadratic regulators, as well as input state feedback linearization. These control strategies are implemented and evaluated for the TPF-O mission concept.     

强约束条件下星座一体化优化设计方法研究

针对星座构形一体化设计时，由于约束条件复杂而导致求解困难的问题，提出了自适应序列约束边界法和约束邻域排斥策略，以进化算法为基础构成了星座构形一体化优化设计方法。应用此方法进行了全球导航星座构形一体化优化设计，设计结果表明该方法能够高效解决综合考虑多种设计因素、具有离散／连续混合变量、无导数信息的星座构形一体化优化设计问题。     

Study on TT&C resources scheduling technique based on inter-satellite link

The navigation constellation will have the capability of supporting Tracking Telemetry and Command (TT&C) operations by inter-satellite link (ISL). The ISL will become an important solution to reduce the shortage of ground TT&C resources. The problems need to be studied urgently in the field of space TT&C network resources scheduling management are how to determine the availability of ISL and how to allocate TT&C resources of ISL. The performance and scheduling constraints of navigation constellation?s ISL are analyzed, and three utilization strategies of ISL to perform TT&C operations are proposed. The allocation of TT&C resources based on ISL falls into two successive phases. Firstly, master satellite determination equation is established by using 0–1 Programming model based on the availability matrix. Mathematical method is used to solve the equation to determine the master satellite and the topology of ISL. Secondly, Constraint Programming (CP) model is used to describe the ground TT&C resources scheduling problem with special requirements of TT&C operations based on master satellite, and a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the CP model. The equations and algorithm are verified by simulation examples. The algorithm of TT&C resources scheduling based on ISL has realized the synthesized usage of both the ISL and ground resources on TT&C field. This algorithm can improve TT&C supports of territorial ground TT&C network for global navigation constellation, and provides technical reference for the TT&C mission planning of global constellation by using ISL.     

Theoretical Aspects of the Ballistic-Navigation Design of an Advanced Space Navigation System

The capability of an orbital constellation to generate a global radio navigation field (RNF) of perfect quality is theoretically analyzed. The optimum geometrical network formed on the orbital sphere is the basis of this analysis. We invoke a criterial apparatus for estimating the ballistic-navigation characteristics of an orbital constellation and its elements, as well as specific navigation properties of an RNF. The numerical data concerning some structural parameters of orbital constellations are obtained for existing and advanced space navigation systems (SNS).