增益幅度不同时信号二维方向角和多普勒频率的盲估计

 在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,提出了一种起伏目标的二维方向角和多普勒频率盲估计的新方法。此方法在各阵元增益幅度不一致的条件下,仍可获得很好的估计性能,并能应用于各个信号的频率相同的场合。且具有对噪声不敏感,不需进行谱峰搜索,适用范围广等特点。仿真结果表明了此算法的有效性。     

运动单阵元被动合成阵列波达方向估计

 提出了一种运动单阵元被动合成阵列波达方向(DOA)估计算法。该算法基于被动合成阵列(PSA)的概念,结合空间谱估计的思想构建了运动单阵元被动合成阵列模型,通过多次不同速度合成阵列过程实现对信号DOA的无模糊估计。通过对单次匀速合成阵列过程进行分析得到,在假设信号频率已知条件下,合成阵列算法能够达到与同孔径实阵列多重信号分类（MUSIC）算法相当的DOA估计性能。仿真验证了被动合成阵列与同孔径实阵列的渐近等效性及算法的有效性。     

一种基于多基线载波相位差测量的欺骗干扰检测方法

由于卫星导航信号到达地面的信号功率较低,且民用部分信息公开,极易受到欺骗干扰信号的影响,从而导致接收机解算出错误的位置、速度或时间.针对传统的欺骗干扰检测与抑制方法不能对欺骗干扰进行测向的问题,提出了一种基于阵列多天线接收信号的载波相位差进行欺骗信号检测与抑制的方法.该方法能够在缺少先验知识的条件下,借鉴相关干涉仪测向...     

ACCURACY ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE LOCATION SYSTEM WITH PHASE DIFFERENCE RATE MEASUREMENT

The conventional mono- station passive loca-tion techniques of direction finding are low in speedand accuracy.It may notmeet the requirements ofmodern targeting or accuracy attacking actions.For a moving observer,by employing some passivemeasurements such as Doppler or Phase DifferenceRate(PDR) ,the location error can be reduced tonearly one- fifth of the conventional error[1～ 4 ] .In this paper,the location method using PDRis introduced in section one.Location accuracyanalysis is given i…     

聚焦变换在MIMO阵列方位估计中的应用

MIMO阵列是近年来信号处理领域提出的一种新体制阵列技术,可有效避免常规阵列中的相干源问题。为解决多载波造成的方位模糊,提出了一种基于聚焦变换的MIMO阵列目标方位估计方法。该方法将MIMO阵列接收信号分解为多个频率分量的信号,并通过聚焦算法将多个频率信号聚焦到同一信号子空间,然后对聚焦后的信号进行方位估计。仿真结果表明:与直接对MIMO阵列接收信号进行方位估计相比,该方法利用了MIMO阵列的回波不相干性和宽带信号能量,具有更好的分辨能力和更高的方位估计精度。     

Detecting the Presence of Target Multiplicity

A method is discussed for detecting the presence of multiple targets in the radar antenna beam. It is assumed that the targets are unresolvable in range, Doppler, and angle using conventional monopulse resolution techniques. The basic approach taken is a generalization of the "quadrature" method, with significantly enhanced performance in the case when multiple pulses are integrated into a single solution. Detection and false alarm probabilities are derived analytically and the receiver operating characteristics are graphed. This study was performed for application to angle processing in a frequency agile automatic tracking radar, but the underlying concept is general and has applications outside this area.     

非理想均匀圆阵的波达方向和多普勒频率联合估计

针对均匀圆阵存在一般阵列误差 (如阵元的幅相误差和安装位置误差等 )的情况 ,提出了多个信号的波达方向和多普勒频率估计方法。直接利用均匀圆阵的阵列流形 ,采用波达矩阵法估计各个信号的多普勒频率。由一般阵列误差的统计特性构造加权矩阵 ,采用加权总体最小二乘法估计各个信号的波达方向。此方法具有鲁棒性强等特点。计算机仿真证明了此方法的有效性     

Comparison between monostatic and bistatic antenna configurationsfor STAP

The unique characteristics of bistatic radar operation on the performance of airborne/spaceborne moving target indicator (MTI) radars that use space-time adaptive processing (STAP) are discussed. It has been shown that monostatic STAP radar has the following properties. 1) For a horizontal flight path and a planar Earth the curves of constant clutter Doppler (isodops) are hyperbolas. 2) For a sidelooking antenna geometry the clutter Doppler is range independent. 3) Clutter trajectories in the cosφ-F plane (F=normalized Doppler) are in general ellipses (or straight lines for a sidelooking array). We demonstrate that these well-known properties are distorted by the displacement between transmitter and receiver in a bistatic configuration. It is shown that even for the sidelooking array geometry the clutter Doppler is range-dependent which requires adaptation of the STAP processor for each individual range gate. Conclusions for the design of STAP processors are drawn     

Monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets

This paper provides for new approaches to the processing of unresolved measurements as two direction-of-arrival (DOA) measurements for tracking closely spaced targets rather than the conventional single DOA measurement of the centroid. The measurements of the two-closely spaced targets are merged when the target echoes are not resolved in angle, range, or radial velocity (i.e., Doppler processing). The conditional Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) is developed for the DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets using a standard monopulse radar. Then the modified CRLB is used to give insight into the boresight pointing for monopulse DOA estimation of two unresolved targets. Monopulse processing is considered for DOA estimation of two unresolved Rayleigh targets with known or estimated relative radar cross section (RCS). The performance of the DOA estimator is studied via Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the modified CRLB     

基于时空结构的双基MIMO雷达多维参数联合估计

为了充分利用目标的时域特性来改善双基多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波达方向(DOA)和离波方向(DOD)的估计性能,探讨了双基MIMO雷达在时-空模型下的多维参数联合估计问题。针对慢动目标,基于多维旋转不变技术信号参数估计(ESPRIT)算法,同时利用时域相邻两级延迟包含的时间相位差、发射阵列相邻阵元包含的空间相位差以及接收阵列相邻阵元包含的空间相位差作为旋转因子,形成旋转不变子空间,再根据矩阵、矩阵的特征值及特征值对应的特征向量三者之间的关系解决了参数配对问题,实现了三维参数联合估计。该方法在信噪比低、积累脉冲数少时,目标的DOA与DOD估计性能比不利用时域特性时有明显改善。仿真结果验证了本方法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的多部测速雷达布站优化研究

通过部署于不同地点的多部无源多普勒测速雷达,可以对有辐射信号源的机动飞行目标进行跟踪测量,并且可以对目标位置和速度信息进行最佳估计。本文探讨了遗传算法在测速雷达布站优化中的使用方法,分析了误差传播矩阵,建立了简易目标函数,利用遗传算法对信标体制下的多普勒测速单站的布站几何进行了优化。     

MIMO雷达DOA估计阵列设计

 多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达的关键技术之一是天线阵列的设计。由于MIMO雷达同时增加了收发两端的相位中心,使得系统具有更高的空间分辨率和更多的自由度。论文从接收信号模型出发,对MIMO雷达发射正交信号的等效阵列进行了讨论,以波达方向估计为目标提出了一种MIMO雷达天线阵的设计方法,通过抛物线理论得出了收发组合的唯一性和合理性,然后通过分析各种收发组合给出了发射阵元的最佳间隔设置。推导了几种情景下的MIMO收发阵列最佳设计解析解,最后进行了仿真实验。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

Measured Gain Improvement Characteristics of a Space Diversity Antenna System

A two-element adaptively phased array withelement gains of 18 dB was assembled andevaluated at 136 MHz. The gain improvementof the system over that of a single element wasmeasured while tracking ATS-C. The measuredgain improvement fell within 0.5 dB ofthe theoretical maximum 90 percent of thetime, corresponding to a normalized improvementof 2.5 dB for the two-element array. Athorough analysis of the AGC weighting processused in the system was made with particularemphasis placed on the effects of gainand noise figure variations between arraychannels.     

Multiple moving target feature extraction for airborne HRR radar

This study considers the clutter suppression and feature extraction of multiple moving targets for airborne high range resolution (HRR) phased array radar. To avoid the range migration problems that occur in the HRR radar data, we divide each HRR profile into nonoverlapping low range resolution segments. No information is lost due to the division and hence no loss of resolution occurs. We show how to use a vector auto-regressive filtering technique to suppress the clutter. Then a relaxation-based parameter estimation algorithm is presented for multiple moving target feature extraction. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm     

Doppler visibility of coherent ultrawideband random noise radar systems

Random noise radar has recently been used in a variety of imaging and surveillance applications. These systems can be made phase coherent using the technique of heterodyne correlation. Phase coherence has been exploited to measure Doppler and thereby the velocity of moving targets. The Doppler visibility, i.e., the ability to extract Doppler information over the inherent clutter spectra, is constrained by system parameters, especially the phase noise generated by microwave components. Our paper proposes a new phase noise model for the heterodyne mixer as applicable for ultrawideband (UWB) random noise radar and for the local oscillator in the time domain. The Doppler spectra are simulated by including phase noise contamination effects and compared with our previous experimental results. A genetic algorithm (GA) optimization routine is applied to synthesize the effects of a variety of parameter combinations to derive a suitable empirical formula for estimating the Doppler visibility in dB. According to the phase noise analysis and the simulation results, the Doppler visibility of UWB random noise radar depends primarily on the following parameters: 1) the local oscillator (LO) drive level of the receiver heterodyne mixer, 2) the saturation current in the receiver heterodyne mixer, 3) the bandwidth of the transmit noise source, and 4) the target velocity. Other parameters such as the carrier frequency of the receiver LO and the loaded quality factor of the LO have a small effect over the range of applicability of the model and are therefore neglected in the model formulation. The Doppler visibility curves generated from this formula match the simulation results very well over the applicable parameter range within 1 dB. Our model may therefore be used to quickly estimate the Doppler visibility of random UWB noise radars for trade-off analysis     

一种稀疏阵列下的二维DOA估计方法

研究了稀疏阵列下二维波达方向（DOA）的估计问题,提出一种基于不动点迭代的空间谱估计（FPC-MUSIC）算法。首先建立基于矩阵填充的DOA估计信号模型,并验证该信号模型满足零空间性质（NSP）,其次通过不动点迭代算法将稀疏阵列信号恢复为完整信号,最后利用恢复信号估计二维DOA。该算法可在稀疏阵列下大幅度降低谱估计平均副瓣,在大幅度降低阵元数的同时具有较高的估计精度。计算机仿真表明：FPC-MUSIC算法可在稀疏阵列下准确估计二维DOA,验证了该算法的有效性和优越性。     

Principle and Design of a Vernier FM Radar System

This paper describes the principle and the signal design of a proposed new FM radar system. In order to measure the surface characteristics of a small target at a long distance, or to discriminate among multiple targets, very accurate range or Doppler resolutions are necessary [1]. The proposed system satisfies the range resolution requirement by detecting the target with two different resolutions: coarse resolution for measuring range, and fine resolution for measuring the target details. The principal advantage of the system is in the vernier scale for the measurement of a distance. The system is just as easily realizable as conventional FM radar, requires no special filters in the receiver, and represents a saving in the required bandwidth for the same range resolution.     

Multiple radar targets estimation by exploiting induced amplitude modulation

This work deals with the problem of estimating complex amplitudes, Doppler frequencies, and directions of arrival (DOA) of multiple targets present in the same range-azimuth resolution cell of a surveillance radar. The maximum likelihood (ML) and the asymptotic (large sample size) ML (AML) estimators are derived. To reduce the computational complexity of the maximization of the nonlinear two-dimensional criterion function of the AML estimator, we propose a computationally efficient algorithm based on the RELAXation method. It allows decoupling the problem of jointly estimating the parameters of the signal components into a sequence of simpler problems, where the parameters of each component are separately and iteratively estimated. The proposed method overcomes the resolution limitation of the classical monopulse technique and resolves multiple targets exhibiting an arbitrarily small difference in azimuth as long as their Doppler frequencies differ at least by the inverse of the number of integrated pulses, provided that enough signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per pulse is available. The performance of the proposed AML-RELAX estimator is numerically investigated through Monte Carlo simulation and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) calculation.     

Comparison of signal estimation using calibrated and uncalibrated arrays

We consider the problem of separating and estimating the waveform of superimposed signals received by an array of sensors. If the array is well calibrated it is possible to first estimate the directions of arrival (DOA) of the signals and then use this information to separate the signals. When the array is not calibrated, but the array elements have the same unknown gain pattern, up to an unknown multiplicative factor and the phases of the elements are arbitrary and unknown, it is possible to estimate the array steering vectors and then use this information for signal estimation. We compare the quality of the estimated signals in the calibrated case with the quality of the estimated signals in the uncalibrated case, in terms of the output signal-to-interference ratio (SIRO) and output signal-to-noise ratio (SNRO).     

Resolution in Doppler and Acceleration with Coherent Pulse Trains

The resolution properties and clutter performance of a simultaneous Doppler and acceleration measurement are investigated in detail with particular emphasis given to coherent pulse trains. The analysis is based on the concept of a matched-filter receiver, although receiver weighting of the type that reduces Doppler sidelobes is also analyzed in detail. Near the main lobe of the acceleration response is a pedestal-ike sidelobe region, the height of which is about 1/N of the main response lobe power where N is the number of pulses in the train. The extent of this pedestal along the acceleration axis is proportional to N. The acceleration measurement in a clutter environment is best performed when both targets and clutter are confined to this pedestal region, since some response sidelobes outside of this region are extremely large.