燃油柱塞泵滑靴副和配流副油膜计算研究

通过分析航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴副及配流副间油液的流动特点,综合考虑挤压效应,热楔效应对油膜厚度的影响,得到满足滑靴副及配流副油膜变化的统一微分方程,通过求解方程,可计算得到滑靴副和配流副油膜厚度在柱塞旋转一周内的变化规律,弥补传统静压支承油膜计算方法的不足.      

航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴油膜的多目标优化设计

以锥形转子球面斜盘轴向燃油柱塞泵为研究对象,在分析滑靴油膜设计中的摩擦功率损失、泄漏功率损失、容积效率随滑靴的机械结构参数变化的基础上,基于遗传算法对上述多变量、多目标优化问题进行计算.权重系数法优化结果表明:优化后燃油柱塞泵设计点的摩擦功率损失和泄漏功率损失减少了7%左右,容积效率略微提升,并且优化得到的机械结构参数在不同转子转角和柱塞倾角的情况下也显示出性能上的优势,从而证明了多目标遗传算法对设计航空燃油柱塞泵油膜静压润滑是一种有效的方法.     

轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的热结构耦合特性

为了改善轴向柱塞泵滑靴副的耐磨损性能,建立了滑靴与斜盘摩擦副的瞬态热结构耦合模型,分析压力冲击条件下滑靴的表面温度、应力以及变形的变化规律.研究结果表明:某型轴向柱塞泵中滑靴温度随柱塞腔压力呈周期性变化,滑靴温度范围为45.5~49.8℃,且滑靴的最高温度出现在泵的吸排油过渡区.当滑靴处于泵的排油区时,滑靴的最大轴向应力为250MPa,集中在滑靴油腔与密封带之间的边缘区域.滑靴的轴向应力分层显著,引起滑靴的变形分化,其变形量为12.5~15μm,出现在滑靴的边缘.由于滑靴的输入热流密度增强磨粒的剪切力,加剧滑靴表面的微切削和挤压变形,导致滑靴表面出现条状剥落和凹坑磨损,呈现出黏着和磨粒磨损特征.      

基于CFD内流耦合仿真的燃油柱塞泵滑靴副动态润滑特性研究

针对航空燃油柱塞泵滑靴副自适应油膜的动态润滑问题,基于牛顿拉夫逊方法,建立了考虑滑靴副油膜支承作用与其动力学状态动态耦合关系的滑靴副润滑计算模型。在此基础上,计入前级部件内流作用对油膜特性的影响,通过CFD内流分析和Reynolds润滑模型相结合的仿真方法,对航空柱塞泵滑靴副及其前级部件进行了一体式联合仿真研究。研究结果表明:仿真与试验结果的误差保持在4.3%以内,CFD仿真方法可以实现对滑靴副前级部件内流场的准确模拟;转速从4kr/min增至5kr/min时,膜厚的最大倾覆值减小至原数值的27.15%,并且低压区滑靴厚度变化率的增大率最大可达62.02%;而出口压力增大率为66.7%时,引起全周期内膜厚变化率波动幅度不同程度的增大;在转动周期内,滑靴的自适应润滑效果通过油膜厚度场和压力场的耦合变化形成自适应动压支承效应来实现。     

基于满意PID控制的MCMS10试验机电控系统研究

为揭示高压轴向柱塞泵滑靴副摩擦磨损性能,需提供1台高精度、高性能以及主轴转速恒定可靠的滑靴副摩擦磨损试验机。但在测试滑靴副时,试验机主轴的速度调控和位移的精确控制非常难以把握。当试验机主轴转速在3 000 r/min的基础上升高时,试验机油温急剧升高,会对滑靴副性能测试的精度产生极大的影响。针对MCMS10试验机的电控系统,设计出硬件图,采用满意PID算法控制其主轴转速和位移两个参数。最后通过组态软件设计实时监控画面并开展试验分析。结果表明:将满意PID算法运用到MCMS10试验机电控系统中,不但精度非常高,而且在主轴转速约为3 200 r/min时,油温始终保持在65 ℃左右。     

某型飞机液压柱塞泵柱塞磨损失效分析

根据某型飞机液压柱塞泵因柱塞密封失效引起柱塞泵异常磨损的现象,对磨损柱塞进行宏观观察、微观形貌扫描及金相分析,得出柱塞滑靴端面双金属扩散焊缺陷,滑靴端面铜层在正常工作状态下剥落,引发柱塞受到轴向应力作用后失效。针对滑靴双金属扩散焊铜层剥落部分加剧滑靴端面及转子端面磨损异常等问题,进行分析给出柱塞泵修理中无损检测方法的改进及异常磨损的预防措施,为柱塞泵的修理和故障预防提供参考。     

柱塞泵保持架滑靴安装孔的设计及尺寸计算

在对柱塞泵运动深入分析的基础上,运用坐标变换法和轨迹投影法,使用MATLAB软件,提出了保持架滑靴安装孔尺寸的形成原因及设计计算方法.该方法的优点是:所有的计算公式都为完整的理论计算公式,没有量的取舍;所有的计算结果都为实解,保证了所得的计算结果为真实的理论值.而且一次计算可以得到滑靴安装孔尺寸设计的所有数据.仿真结果表明:设计方法和尺寸计算是正确的.      

高转速下轴承腔内壁油膜流动建模

结合国外已有试验工作,提出描述轴承腔壁面油膜运动的分析模型,并进行若干工况条件的影响分析.研究结果表明,轴承腔中油膜流动具有累积特点,表现出在排出口之间油膜厚度逐渐增大;旋转件转速的增加减小了壁面油膜厚度,但却提高了油膜平均速度;随着入口滑油流量的增加,壁面油膜厚度和平均速度都随之增加.理论分析及其与试验工作的比较都表明,提出的基于试验研究预测轴承腔中油膜运动物理状态的方法,对于在有限试验条件下研究轴承腔中壁面油膜运动机理、继而开展轴承腔内传热分析和润滑分析,是有价值的技术途径.      

航空发动机柱塞滑靴收口方式技术革新

在柱塞泵机构中,柱塞、滑靴之间要有一定的间隙,且要运转灵活;收口后柱塞在滑靴中应能沿轴线任意方向平稳运转到一定的角度,无滞涩和嘎吱声;收口处用四倍放大镜检查无裂纹;收口后应进行拉脱力试验,拉脱力不低于规定值,从而保证在长时间的周期性反复冲击力下质量可靠。柱塞滑靴收口的质量将严重影响柱塞泵关键特性的稳定性和疲劳寿命。现在普遍采用的是车床滚压收口,这次介绍一种用压力机进行收口的全新收口方式。     

燃油柱塞泵性能试验台测试结果稳健性影响因素分析

为了保证航空发动机燃油柱塞泵性能试验台测试结果的稳健性,以便准确测试燃油柱塞泵的性能状态,基于燃油柱塞 泵液压原理,建立了其数学模型,并结合其性能试验台的液压原理,确定了影响测试结果稳健性的5种主要因素分别为柱塞泵入 口压力、控制油压力、出口压力、排油压力及燃油温度。基于燃油柱塞泵的主要测试性能,研究了5种因素对燃油柱塞泵性能测试 结果的影响。结果表明：在进行燃油柱塞泵性能测试时,泵出口调压阀的压力控制稳定性、排油压力以及燃油温度都会对测试结 果产生较大的影响;在性能测试给定的公差范围内,柱塞泵入口压力和控制油压力的波动对性能测试结果影响极小。在进行燃油 柱塞泵性能测试时应重点关注出口压力、排油压力及燃油温度,以提高测试结果的稳健性。     

飞机喷口滑油泵斜盘操控性能的试验系统研制与调试

为在规定的θ-P试验条件下检测斜盘操控性能,喷口滑油泵测试液压系统中设置了3个固定孔径的节流器.通过对斜盘扭矩测试的试验方法、步骤及试验设备的介绍,以正向节流孔参数确定为例,建立了系统压力P与油泵斜盘角度θ的方程式,并通过标准泵的预置节流孔试验,获得了与油泵和节流孔结构形状有关的系数.再采用维算-试验测试-对比修改的试...     

Variable load failure mechanism for high-speed load sensing electro-hydrostatic actuator pump of aircraft

This paper presents a novel transient lubrication model for the analysis of the variable load failure mechanism of high-speed pump used in Load Sensing Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (LS-EHA). Focusing on the slipper/swashplate pair partial abrasion, which is considered as the dominant failure mode in the high-speed condition, slipper dynamic models are established. A forth sliding motion of the slipper on the swashplate surface is presented under the fact that the slipper center of mass will rotate around the center of piston ball when the swashplate angle is dynamically adjusted. Besides, extra inertial tilting moments will be produced for the slipper based on the theorem on translation of force, which will increase rapidly when LS-EHA pump operates under high-speed condition. Then, a dynamic lubricating model coupling with fluid film thickness field, temperature field and pressure field is proposed. The deformation effects caused by thermal deflection and hydrostatic pressure are considered. A numerical simulation model is established to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, based on the load spectrum of aircraft flight profile, the variable load conditions and the oil film characteristics are analyzed, and series of variable load rules of oil film thickness with variable speed/variable pressure/variable displacement are concluded.     

Performance optimization of grooved slippers for aero hydraulic pumps

A computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation method based on 3-D Navier–Stokes equation and Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian(ALE) method is presented to analyze the grooved slipper performance of piston pump.The moving domain of grooved slipper is transformed into a fixed reference domain by the ALE method,which makes it convenient to take the effects of rotate speed,body force,temperature,and oil viscosity into account.A geometric model to express the complex structure,which covers the orifice of piston and slipper,vented groove and the oil film,is constructed.Corresponding to different oil film thicknesses calculated in light of hydrostatic equilibrium theory and boundary conditions,a set of simulations is conducted in COMSOL to analyze the pump characteristics and effects of geometry(groove width and radius,orifice size) on these characteristics.Furthermore,the mechanics and hydraulics analyses are employed to validate the CFD model,and there is an excellent agreement between simulation and analytical results.The simulation results show that the sealing land radius,orifice size and groove width all dramatically affect the slipper behavior,and an optimum tradeoff among these factors is conducive to optimizing the pump design.     

Impact of the thermal effect on the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair for an aviation axial-piston pump

A thermal hydraulic model based on the lumped parameter method is presented to analyze the load-carrying capacity of a slipper pair in an aviation axial-piston pump under specified operating conditions. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the thermal hydraulic model. The results illustrate that the squeezing force and thermal wedge bearing force are the main factors that affect the film thickness and load-carrying capacity. At high oil temperature and high load pressure, the film thickness decreases with increasing clamping force due to a combined action of the squeezing bearing force and the thermal wedge bearing force, but the load-carrying capacity will increase. An increase of the film thickness is proven to be beneficial under high shaft rotational speed but especially dangerous as it strongly increases the ripple amplitude of the film thickness, which leads to decreasing the load-carrying capacity. The structural parameters of the slipper can be optimized to achieve desired performance, such as the slipper radius ratio and orifice length diameter ratio. To satisfy the requirement of the load-carrying capacity, the slipper radius ratio should be selected from 1.4 to 1.8, and the orifice length diameter ratio should be selected from 4 to 5.     

基于电液伺服控制燃油泵的航空发动机控制与仿真

为探索轻质化燃油系统结构,基于电调燃油变量泵的航空发动机转速控制系统,构建了柱塞泵斜盘位置电液伺服控制系统,油泵出口燃油直接输入电液伺服阀;建立了电液伺服阀线性化模型。通过数字仿真,研究了电液伺服阀工作特性,并得到了其适应性模型;在航空发动机特性半物理试验系统上,对斜盘位置电液伺服控制系统实物进行了验证试验,并与航空发动机模型一起构成了发动机转速闭环控制系统。结果表明：变输入压力的燃油电液伺服位置控制系统有效可行,变量泵工作稳定可靠,电液伺服阀模型能够准确反映实际工作状况;基于变参数PI控制算法的转速闭环控制初步取得成效。     

Analysis of the cylinder block tilting inertia moment and its effect on the performance of high-speed electro-hydrostatic actuator pumps of aircraft

Electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) pumps are usually characterized as high speed and small displacement. The tilting inertia moment on the cylinder block produced by the inertia forces of piston/slipper assemblies cannot be ignored when analyzing the cylinder block balance. A large tilting inertia moment will make the cylinder block tilt away from the valve plate, resulting in severe wear and significantly increased leakage. This paper presents an analytical expression for the tilting inertia moment on the cylinder block by means of vector analysis. In addition, a high-speed test rig was built up, and experiments on an EHA pump prototype were carried out at high speeds of up to 10,000 r/min. The predicted nature of the cylinder block tilt at high speeds corresponds closely to the witness marks on the dismantled EHA pump prototype. It is suggested that more attention should be given to the tilting inertia moment acting on the cylinder block of an EHA pump since both wear and leakage flow between the cylinder block and the valve plate are very much dependent on this tilting moment.