置信检验理论

本文提出了母体特征值置信分布的概念,建立了置信检验理论,该理论包括强检验、弱检验和弱强检验三种检验方法,分别满足了不同工程检验的需求。与假设检验相比,置信检验依据的是"大概率原则",而显著性假设检验依据的是"小概率原则",因此,置信检验能够以高概率确认工程中所关心的"条件"是否成立(如产品合格与否),能够对产品质量进行高精度的检验和控制,克服了显著性假设检验仅仅是一种拒绝检验,当接受一个假设时也只是意味着不拒绝该假设的缺点。置信检验不但能够大大提高工程检验精度,而且更加便于工程应用。      

正态分布置信检验方法

正态母体特征值(母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数等)的检验是工程中常见的问题。本文根据置信检验理论,建立了正态母体特征值的置信检验方法,包括母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数的强检验、弱检验和弱强检验,可以满足不同的实际需求。置信检验克服了显著性假设检验在接受原假设时缺乏说服力的弱点,能够以高概率判断正态母体特征值是否满足工程中规定的条件。不但比传统的正态分布假设检验和抽样检验具有更高的精度,而且更加便于应用,许多假设检验和抽样检验难以处理的问题(如母体百分率和百分位值的检验),采用置信检验可以容易地得到解决。      

Installation error calibration for MEMS angular measurement system in hypersonic wind tunnel

The accuracy of model attitude measurement has an important impact on wind tunnel test results. Microelectromechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS IMU) provides a feasible way to measure model attitudes with high accuracy. However, the installation error between MEMS IMU coordinate system and the body coordinate system of test models can make the accuracy of the model attitude measurement decrease. In wind tunnel tests, the installation error depends on the relationship between the IMU and the model mechanism before tests. Therefore, in-field calibration in wind tunnel tests is necessary to reduce installation errors. To improve attitude measurement accuracy, the least squares quaternion calibration method based on MEMS IMU and six-position calibration procedure are proposed. High-precision three-axis turntable tests are performed. The pitch accuracy after calibration is higher than that before calibration in the angle of attack sweeping tests. The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSE) in the roll and yaw are within 0.01°, which are smaller than those before calibration. In the roll sweeping tests, RMSE of three attitude angles decrease significantly. In hypersonic wind tunnel tests, the pitch errors before and after calibration are within 0.05° and 0.02° in the angle of attack sweeping tests without wind. In five angle of attack sweeping tests with wind, the deviation between the mean of the pitch and the pitch after the elastic angle correction is within 0.03° and the standard deviation of five tests is within 0.01°. The proposed method is confirmed to enhance the accuracy of attitude measurement effectively, which is convenient for engineering applications.     

飞机尾翼载荷飞行测量研究

 用分析和模型试验方法难以确定可靠的尾翼载荷,所以要求通过飞行试验获取尾翼载荷数据,但因测载技术复杂,精确地测定尾翼载荷亦是困难的。我们经过多年的工作,最终用应变法得到了可贵的某型飞机尾翼机动载荷测量结果。本文叙述了测量方法,并给出了垂尾载荷的部分测量结果。根据该结果对垂尾的受载情况提出了值得重视的看法。     

Fallacies in computational testing of matrix positivedefiniteness/semidefiniteness

The status of computational tests for establishing matrix positive semidefiniteness and positive definiteness is reviewed. Two pervasive real-time tests that have been used for many years in varied applications to ensure that computed covariances encountered in Kalman filter applications are positive definite and discussed. Structural representations of covariance matrices are reviewed as a prelude to constructing a counterexample and demonstrating that it refutes these real-time tests. It is maintained that the latter are bogus approaches despite the fact that they are pervasive. It is suggested that such bogus tests arose as an attempt to fill the need for a quick check (over the entire mission time) of the massive number of matrices computationally encountered in real-time applications     

民用飞机尾旋研究不同试验方法的比较

飞机的失速尾旋问题是飞机设计者在研发阶段所需要关注的重点之一,截至目前,已有多种手段可以采用,譬如数值计算、风洞试验、模型自由飞试验等。针对飞机尾旋的研究通常在尾旋风洞中进行,采用的试验手段有两种:自由尾旋试验和旋转天平试验,这两种试验原理和方法不同,但都能从不同的角度反映出飞机的尾旋特性。详细阐述了两种试验方法的过程和原理,通过实例表明了两种试验的结果是相辅相成的。     

Factory testing: reuse of design integration tests [in radar systemdevelopment]

The tests developed and used during the integration phase of a project are similar to the tests used during the factory production phase of a project. In order to reuse the integration tests in the factory, the test conditions, test equipment, and test procedures need to be identical. Reusing the integration tests for factory testing takes additional effort at the beginning of the project but is cost effective in the long run     

试验信息系统兼容性测试策略

结合试验信息系统的特点,以测试发射试验信息系统与安全管理系统的兼容性测试为例,提出了对试验信息系统进行兼容性测试的主要策略,包括业务软件与新增支撑软件在同一运行环境下的运行稳定性、安装/卸载兼容性测试;新增支撑系统或设备在运行期间对交换机网络流量影响的测试;新增系统或软件对CPU（中央处理器）、内存、端口等的占用情况测试等。通过对应用该测试策略的测试结果进行分析,发现了系统兼容性方面的问题。这些策略也可为其他类似系统的兼容性测试提供参考。     

Design of nonparametric truncated sequential detectors withparallel linear boundaries

A design method is proposed for a class of nonparametric truncated sequential detectors. These detectors test nonparametric statistics against two parallel linear boundaries with an abrupt truncation at some sample size. The proposed method obtains the asymptotic relative efficiencies (ARE) of these tests with respect to their corresponding fixed-sample-size (FSS) tests in terms of some parameters of the tests. There parameters are then chosen to optimize the ARE. This (asymptotically) optimal set of parameters is used to design the thresholds of the sequential tests. Numerical results are obtained and design examples are presented, using the sum of the signs of the observations as the test statistic. The method can be used for nonparametric sequential detectors and for robust and parametric sequential detectors as well     

不同载荷方式下MDYB-3有机玻璃的变形与破坏行为

 为了理解和评价MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的力学行为,采用CSS44100电子万能试验机,分离式Hopkinson技术和MTS液压伺服试验机分别进行了5种不同类型的力学试验。这些试验包括力学各向异性试验、穿孔试验、应变率从0.001 s^-1到 2 000 s^-1和初始温度从218 K 到 373 K的单轴拉、压试验、等幅应力控制下不同应力集中系数的双边缺口试样疲劳试验。同时采用光学显微镜对变形试样的破坏和断裂进行了观察和分析。结果表明：①MDYB-3定向有机玻璃呈现明显的各向异性性能;②沿板面法线方向MDYB-3定向有机玻璃具有更高的硬度和强度,在穿孔或冲击条件下它以脆性分层破裂和散落为破坏形式;③MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的力学响应强烈地依赖于应变率和温度,且在拉伸和压缩加载下表现出很大的强度非对称性;④双边带有缺口试样的S-N曲线表明,最大应力幅值较低时,MDYB-3定向有机玻璃的疲劳寿命对缺口不敏感。在循环载荷下裂纹起源与微层特性及层间强度有关,它起源于层间可处在缺口中段部位,最后文中对变形与破坏机理也进行了分析和讨论。     

2.4 m跨声速风洞虚拟飞行试验技术研究

风洞虚拟飞行试验(WTBVFT)技术是在风洞环境中对飞行器机动运动最逼真模拟的物理过程,它不仅可以更加有效模拟飞行器的机动运动过程、获取气动/运动耦合特性和揭示气动/运动耦合机理,而且能够实现气动/飞行力学集成的相容性研究。鉴于此,简要介绍了2.4 m跨声速WTBVFT技术,包括:相似准则和模拟方法、试验模型支撑技术、气动/运动参数测试技术和操纵控制技术等,并开展了典型导弹模型开环控制、姿态角闭环控制、加速度闭环控制、俯仰/滚转耦合与解耦控制以及靶试弹道验证等WTBVFT。研究结果表明:WTBVFT系统运动灵活,气动参数和运动参数测量结果准确可靠,能够有效模拟导弹实际飞行过程,具备闭环控制与耦合运动解耦控制的试验模拟能力,初步形成了气动/飞行力学一体化试验研究能力。同时,该研究也为开展控制方法优化与验证、数据修正与应用以及发展复杂构型的WTBVFT奠定了技术基础。     

气液同轴直流式喷嘴喷雾及燃烧试验研究

介绍了气液同轴直流式喷嘴的冷流喷雾特性实验研究和热点火燃烧试验工作。冷态实验以空气和水作为模拟工质在亚临界条件下模拟燃气和液氧, 研究了气液喷嘴的雾化特性、流量特性和气液两相的相互影响。用液氧和高温燃气对多个喷注单元组成的喷注器在超临界压力下进行了燃烧试验。通过冷态和热态试验, 确定了 4种喷嘴的性能优劣。      

面向测试性虚拟验证的功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型

 由于测试性预计和测试性试验验证客观存在的困难及问题,测试性虚拟验证将在测试性工程领域发挥重要作用.根据测试性虚拟验证对模型的需求,针对传统测试性模型存在的定量特征少、导致测试性评估结果不准确等问题,提出一种功能-故障-行为-测试-环境一体化模型.首先,分析并指出该一体化模型由功能、故障、行为、测试、环境5大类要素构成.然后,在数学上对该一体化模型及其子模型进行定义和描述,分析并建立各子模型之间的关联关系.最后以某导弹及其测试系统为案例进行实验和应用研究.结果表明,在建模信息量充足的情况下,基于该一体化模型得到的测试性虚拟试验验证与评估结果较准确,能较好地支持装备测试性摸底、鉴定与验收等.     

飞机主操纵系统疲劳试验载荷监控方法研究——应变数据分析法

针对某机全机主操纵系统疲劳试验中动态操纵情况下的应变测量以及试验载荷监控问题进行了分析和讨论,并对基于应变测量数据分析的操纵系统疲劳试验载荷监控方法的确定及其应用效果进行了阐述。在操纵系统疲劳试验过程中的实际监控结果表明,该方法对副翼/平尾/方向舵操纵系统多种试验状态下的试验载荷监控实用有效。     

Application of vibroloading criteria for FV onboard equipment units in bench tests

The vibroloading criteria are described to determine vibrations at the points of FV onboard equipment mounting. The generalized characteristics of vibroloading in the equipment tests are proposed and a method is considered that makes it possible to solve a problem of inconsistency between the three-dimensional loading in service and coordinate loading in tests.     

Optimum array detector for a weak signal in unknown noise

We study the design of constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) tests for detecting a rank-one signal in the presence of background Gaussian noise with unknown spatial covariance. We look at invariant tests, i.e., those tests whose performance is independent of the nuisance parameters, like the background noise covariance. Such tests are shown to have the desirable CFAR property. We characterize the class of all such tests by showing that any invariant decision statistic can be written as a function of two basic statistics which are in fact the adaptive matched filter (AMF) statistic and Kelly's generalized likelihood ratio statistic. Further, we establish an optimum test in the limit of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the locally most powerful invariant (LMPI) test. We also derive the bound for the probability of detection of any invariant detector, at a fixed false-alarm rate, and compare the LMPI and the published detectors (Kelly and AMF) to it     

航空发动机推力的测量和确定方法

从推力的定义和表达式及其导出的条件出发,讨论了航空发动机地面与飞行状态下在各类试验设备上推力的确定方法和程序以及必须进行的发动机部件与模型试验、整机地面试验和模拟高空试验乃至飞行试验,并分析了模拟高空试验在正确确定飞行推力中的重要作用。      

无人机碳环氧复合材料高质量无损伤制孔工艺研究

碳纤维复合材料制孔时易产生各种加工缺陷,影响制孔质量。本文对碳纤维复合材料的制孔缺陷原理进行研究,并设计相关对比工艺试验,,对制孔工艺中钻头工作参数、钻削参数等提出了较优建议。     

Tests of the Gravitational Inverse Square Law at Short Ranges

A laboratory test and several geophysical tests conducted in the last decades of the 20th century suggested deviations from the inverse square distance dependence of Newton’s law of gravity. While further work has failed to substantiate these results, renewed interest in inverse square law tests of increased sensitivity has been stimulated by a wide range of new theoretical ideas. Of particular interest are tests at submillimeter ranges, which could reveal the existence of compact new dimensions accessible only to gravity. This paper reviews the current status of inverse square law tests, with emphasis on present and proposed experimental techniques.     

倒视刺激后人体姿态平衡的非正常变化

为评价人体暴露于感觉矛盾环境后中枢对感觉输入的调整功能,１０名健康男性青年在间隔为５～７天的不同日期分别经受上下倒视、左右倒视刺激试验,并在两种倒视前、后分别进行动态姿态平衡测试。倒视刺激可引起明显的失定向（定向障碍）和运动病症状,并导致姿态平衡功能降低。失定向和不适症状程度不同者,平衡功能的降低程度和指标也有不同：无症状和症状轻者一般只可能有轻度平衡反应的延迟;症状严重者,除了有明显的反应延迟外,还有维持身体平衡能力的降低、平衡策略和感觉器作用的改变。在倒视前、后的动态姿态平衡功能测试,可能客观地反映人体对失匹配感觉信息的整合功能,从而暴露潜在性平衡功能不稳定性,有助于运动病易感性的评价。