AC-PSO算法在无人机任务规划中的应用

无人机飞行中合理的路线规划可以减小飞行时间、降低油耗,减小被敌方发现、攻击的可能,从而提高了完成任务的概率.鉴于大部分无人机是以一个相对固定的高度进行侦察和任务飞行,故可将无人机的飞行任务规划视为二维平面的TSP问题.本文进一步将地面防空威胁与飞行距离统一量化,通过求解TSP求取最优无人机任务规划.文中通过分析蚁群算法与粒子群算法,提出了一种新的混合方法AC-PSO算法解决TSP求解问题.算法借鉴了蚁群算法的路线构造方法和粒子群算法的进化策略思想,同时给出了提升算法效率的一些措施.实验验证,该算法和威胁建模方法相结合,能有效地满足无人机飞行任务规划的要求.     

协同多目标攻击空战决策的启发式粒子群优化算法

利用协同多目标攻击战术的特定知识，并结合粒子群算法，提出了一种用于空战决策的启发式粒子群算法。该算法利用粒子群算法对解空间探索能力强，容易跳出局部最优陷井及启发式算法局部搜索能力强的优点，快速、高效地对全局最优值进行搜索。该算法通过求解友机导弹对目标的最优分配来确定空战决策方案。仿真实验结果表明。本文算法对最优空战决策方案的搜索性能明显优于普通粒子群算法及其他两种遗传算法。     

应用于传感器网络覆盖问题的能量有效性启发式机制

提出了一种解决无线传感器网络覆盖问题的分布式启发式机制。该机制在节能前提下,得到优化的目标覆盖集合,以实现对目标监控区域的完全覆盖,并通过对其中重点目标集合的冗余覆盖来满足对重点目标集的可靠监控。同时,该目标覆盖集合与数据汇集点在通信结构上保持连通性。本文采用了改进的蚁群优化算法（最大最小蚁群混合算法）来实现上述启发式机制。通过构造新颖的启发式因子,人工蚂蚁能够由局域信息感知传感器网络的能量状况和覆盖能力,从而自适应地建立具备通信连通性的数据汇集路径。此外,将信息素浓度调节因子和评价函数引入了信息素更新规则的设计,使得蚁群在扩大搜索范围的基础上,提高了解的质量,且避免了求解过程陷入局部最优。算法的输出为能量有效的优化解集,具备较长生命周期,能够在保证与数据汇集点可靠连通的同时实现对目标区域的有效覆盖。     

Coalition Formation for Multiple UAVs Cooperative Search and Attack with Communication Constraints in Unknown Environment

A coalition formation algorithm is presented with limited communication ranges and delays in unknown environment,for the performance of multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)in cooperative search and attack missions.The mathematic model of coalition formation is built on basis of the minimum attacking time and the minimum coalition size with satisfying resources and simultaneous strikes requirements.A communication protocol based on maximum number of hops is developed to determine the potential coalition members in dynamic network.A multistage sub-optimal coalition formation algorithm(MSOCFA)with polynomial time is established.The performances of MSOCFA and particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithms are compared in terms of complexity,mission performance and computational time.A complex scenario is deployed to illustrate how the coalitions are formed and validate the feasibility of the MSOCFA.The effect of communication constraints(hop delay and max-hops)on mission performance is studied.The results show that it is beneficial to determine potential coalition members in a wide and deep range over the network in the presence of less delay.However,when the delays are significant,it is more advantageous to determine coalitions from among the immediate neighbors.     

基于分布式模型预测控制的多无人机协同规避控制技术

建立了多无人机协同规避控制模型，并提出了一种基于纳什最优的分布式模型预测控制算法。仿真结果表明，基于纳什最优的分布式模型预测控制算法有效地实现了多架无人机对障碍物的规避，并且相对于集中式模型预测控制算法减少了求解过程中的计算量，缩短了优化控制的时间，改善了系统的实时性。     

Automatic UAV Positioning with Encoded Sign as Cooperative Target

In order to achieve the goal that unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)automatically positioning during power inspection,a visual positioning method which utilizes encoded sign as cooperative target is proposed.Firstly,we discuss how to design the encoded sign and propose a robust decoding algorithm based on contour.Secondly,the Adaboost algorithm is used to train a classifier which can detect the encoded sign from image.Lastly,the position of UAV can be calculated by using the projective relation between the object points and their corresponding image points.Experiment includes two parts.First,simulated video data is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method,and the results show that the average absolute error in each direction is below 0.02 m.Second,a video,acquired from an actual UAV flight,is used to calculate the position of UAV.The results show that the calculated trajectory is consistent with the actual flight path.The method runs at a speed of 0.153 sper frame.     

基于改进微粒群算法的无人机姿态控制参数智能整定(英文)

提出了基于改进微粒群算法的无人机姿态控制器参数智能整定方法.标准微粒群算法在搜索后期由于群体缺乏多样性而容易出现收敛停滞现象,为此提出了一种改进的微粒群算法.标准微粒群算法中的微粒速度是根据惯性运动、群体历史最优位置和自身历史最优位置来调节的.改进微粒群算法中的微粒除了保持惯性运动外,仅向当前群体中任意更优个体的状态学习,而且惯性权重系数是随机数.改进方案减少了算法不确定参数,简化了微粒学习机制,且增强了群体多样性.本文构建了无人机姿态控制系统,将改进微粒群算法用于四个控制参数的寻优整定.仿真结果表明,改进微粒群算法比一般微粒群算法具有更强的全局搜索能力,故获得更优的无人机姿态控制参数.     

多旋翼无人机飞行控制自动调参技术

目前,多旋翼无人机控制器设计问题中存在着大量的依靠经验的调参工作。为了使调参简单而又可靠,本文基于控制器参数与控制系统性能响应存在的对应关系,提出了自动调参思想。在满足控制器各项性能指标的前提下,利用粒子群算法(Particle swarm optimization,PSO)提炼出优化目标和约束条件。对被控对象进行建模并搭建非线性模型。然后,利用工程实践方法估算出参数范围,并利用粒子群快速优化特点自动寻找在约束条件下符合性能指标的控制器参数。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink对模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果分析表明,PSD可快速准确地对飞行控制进行自动调参。     

基于速度矢量场的无人机实时动态航路规划

针对局域动态环境中无人机实时航路规划展开研究,提出了一种基于速度矢量场的二维动态实时航路规划方法。通过建立不同空间特征区域速度场模型,实现了速度场驱动下的无人机航路规划。文中采用虚拟目标点法解决了速度矢量场航路规划局部陷阱问题;采用探测步长法,实现了无人机机动约束的融合,解决了航路可飞性问题;在动态实时规划应用中,确立了环境信息更新方法,实现了对动态环境的描述。通过仿真验证,表明速度矢量场法能够根据动态环境信息及时规避威胁到达目标点,算法具有良好的完备性和实时性,适用于局域动态环境中的快速航迹规划。     

基于PEV准则的不确定随机多目标规划问题求解

为解决独立变量的不确定随机多目标规划问题在传统求解中存在分析不全面等问题,在期望值-方差准则下提出了一种新的求解方法。基于机会理论,引入不确定随机变量,在此基础上提出了不确定随机多目标规划问题;引入不确定随机变量的序关系,利用变量间的序关系把不确定随机多目标规划问题转化成不确定随机单目标规划问题,并通过期望值-方差准则把不确定随机单目标规划问题转化成确定的单目标规划问题进行求解;通过理论推导证明,在新准则下转化后的问题得到的最优解是原不确定随机多目标规划问题的有效解;最后,通过对无人机情报侦察监视任务分配问题的求解,利用改进的萤火虫算法求得有效飞行序列,验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

Compensation Algorithm Based on Estimation State for Transmission Delay in Cooperative Localization

In order to maximize the utilization of the observation information in the cooperative localization, a com- pensation algorithm based on the estimation state is presented for transmission delay. Under the framework of the Kalman filter, two different processes of state estimating with and without transmission delay are investigated and contrasted. The expression of difference quantity caused by transmission delay is derived. It is used to compensate the present estimation state instead of the observed information compensation. According to the characteristics of state transition matrix, an equivalent expression of which successively impacts on the covariance factor in delay time is obtained. The simulation results show that the present estimated state is effectively corrected by transmis- sion information and the relevance among agents is accurately updated. As a result, a higher positioning accuracy is achieved. Meanwhile, the consumption of recording and multiplication of the state transition matrix is saved.     

柔性工艺路线的改进蚁群作业调度算法

在具有柔性工艺路线的制造单元作业调度问题中，结合设备的约束以及加工过程中的费用、加工时间等因素，依据具有柔性的工艺加工路线，建立初始有向图。采用基于动态信息素更新策略的改进蚁群优化算法，在保证优化目标的基础上，迅速收敛并得到最优解，从而提高调度系统的可行性，增强系统稳定性。该方法以减少外协，均衡生产，降低总生产费用为目标，有效地支持了分布式制造单元的管理过程，增强了单元系统信息分布处理能力。最后通过算例，对计算结果进行了分析和讨论。     

防空武器系统作战布局优化

在评估防御体系的作战效能时,目标突防概率是人们关心的主要的性能指标.本文利用随机服务系统理论的状态分析和统计平衡分析,获得计算目标沿任意航迹突防概率的随机模型.模拟退火算法是基于Monte Carlo迭化求解法的一种启发式随机搜索法,该算法能通过模拟退火过程快速找到全局的最优解.结合计算目标突防概率随机模型与模拟退火算法,建立了定量解决武器系统作战布局优化问题的方法.算例的计算结果表明,这种方法很快找到火力单元理想的布局位置.这种定量的组网和布局方法比以往基于原则的手工布局更科学、更快速.     

倾转四旋翼UAV过渡状态下旋翼/机身气动干扰数值分析

通过数值模拟的方法对十字构型倾转四旋翼UAV在倾转过渡状态下前旋翼/机身/后旋翼间的气动干扰进行了计算与分析。分别建立了孤立前旋翼、前后旋翼、前旋翼-机身、前后旋翼-机身组合时的计算模型。在不同旋翼倾转角下,研究了以上组合模型对前旋翼、后旋翼以及机身的气动力和力矩的影响并分析了相互间的气动干扰情况,得出了前旋翼是整机气动干扰影响的主导因素,揭示了旋翼/机身间气动干扰形成的原因,为该构型旋翼布置与控制系统的设计提供参考。     

基于粗糙集特征选择的过拟合现象及应对策略

在粗糙集方法中,利用向前启发式算法进行特征选择,是一个逐步加入重要度最高的特征的过程,直至满足所给定的约束条件。但使用这一策略选择出来的特征子集有可能产生过拟合现象。鉴于此,设计了一种新的启发式算法,其主要思想是借助交叉验证的方法对特征的重要度进行计算,当过拟合出现时,则采用截断式机制终止算法。使用邻域粗糙集模型,在UCI数据集上将启发式算法与所提算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明:所提算法能够有效地降低过拟合的程度;利用所提算法得到的特征子集能够带来更好的分类性能。     

确定性的遗传算法

针对遗传算法效率普遍较低的缺陷，采用了确定性交叉和确定性变异的策略，同时提出了一种新的遗传算子－Hamming-decreasor算子，以加快速传算法中码值相关相差较小而Hamming距离很大的二进制码串之间的转换，在此基础上，构建了一个新的遗传算法－确定性的遗传算法，初步的数值试验表明，新算法是有效的和鲁棒的。     

A Distributed Cooperative Localization Algorithm for Mobile Multi-platforms Oriented to Unpredicted Communication Topology

The cooperative localization(CL)is affected by the communication topology among the platforms. Based on the unscented Kalman filtering,the distributed CL(DCL)oriented to the unpredicted communication topology is investigated. To improve the adaptability,the character of the look-up Cholesky decomposition is exploited for the covariance matrix decomposing. Then,the distributed U transformation can be dynamically implemented according to the available communication topology. In the proposed algorithm,the global information is not required for the individual,and only the available information from the neighbor is used. Each platform's state can be estimated independently. The error covariance of the state estimates can be updated in the single platform. The algorithm is adaptive to any serial communication topologies where the measuring to the measured platform is a starting path. The applicability of the proposed algorithm to unpredicted communication topology is improved,remaining equivalent localization performance to free connection communication.     

Aircraft Engine Gas Path Fault Diagnosis Based on Hybrid PSO-TWSVM

Twin support vector machine(TWSVM)is a new development of support vector machine(SVM)algorithm.It has the smaller computation scale and the stronger ability to cope with unbalanced problems.In this paper,TWSVM is introduced into aircraft engine gas path fault diagnosis.The generalization capacity of Gauss kernel function usually used in TWSVM is relatively weak.So a mixed kernel function is used to improve performance to ensure that the TWSVM algorithm can better balance a strong generalization ability and a good learning ability.Experimental results prove that the cross validation training accuracy of TWSVM using the mixed kernel function averagely increases 2%.Grid search is usually applied in parameter optimization of TWSVM,but it heavily depends on experience.Therefore,the hybrid particle swarm algorithm is introduced.It can intelligently and rapidly find the global optimum.Experiments prove that its training accuracy is better than that of the classical particle swarm algorithm by 5%.     

Multi-target Collaborative Combat Decision-Making by Improved Particle Swarm Optimizer

A decision-making problem of missile-target assignment with a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed when it comes to a multiple target collaborative combat situation.The threat function is established to describe air combat situation.Optimization function is used to find an optimal missile-target assignment.An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to figure out the optimization function with less parameters,which is based on the adaptive random learning approach.According to the coordinated attack tactics,there are some adjustments to the assignment.Simulation example results show that it is an effective algorithm to handle with the decision-making problem of the missile-target assignment(MTA)in air combat.     

层次分析法在多目标决策中的应用

由于定量型多目标决策的各指标值均为数量，因而按９度法建立各指标下的判断矩阵就很困难，限制了层次分析法在这一领域的运用，作者对此做了较深入的研究，认为层次分析法求解定量型多目标决策问题是可行的。为了便于构造判断阵，将决策中的所有指标分为正向指标、逆向指标和中心指标三类，同时给出了构造这三类指标的判断矩阵的方法，而且构造出来的判断矩阵自然满足一致性要求。给出的方法简单有效，并扩展了层次分析法的应用领域