航空拖曳诱饵系统的动态特性研究简

 为准确预测航空拖曳诱饵系统能否干扰成功,建立了系统的物理数学模型并对其动态特性进行了仿真研究。应用集中质量法,将柔性拖曳缆绳离散为一系列由阻尼弹簧连接的节点,建立了缆绳的动态模型;对诱饵进行受力分析,建立了诱饵的六自由度模型;提出了缆绳与诱饵的耦合条件,使模型更加精确。分别对诱饵释放过程中,以及释放完成后载机机动时系统的动态特性进行了仿真研究,给出并分析了缆绳的形状、张力和诱饵的姿态角等参数的变化规律。结果表明：为避免出现“鱼钩”现象,应尽可能减小释放诱饵的初速度与载机空速的夹角;应按梯形速度释放诱饵,以使缆绳中拉力的最大值较小。释放完成后,应控制载机最大飞行速度,以避免缆绳进入载机的高温尾喷流区;载机作盘旋时,缆绳在载机的圆形轨迹之外,且载机飞行速率一定时,角速度越大,缆绳向外趋势越大,越有利于避开载机的尾喷流区。     

航空拖曳诱饵系统的动态特性研究

为准确预测航空拖曳诱饵系统能否干扰成功,建立了系统的物理数学模型并对其动态特性进行了仿真研究。应用集中质量法,将柔性拖曳缆绳离散为一系列由阻尼弹簧连接的节点,建立了缆绳的动态模型;对诱饵进行受力分析,建立了诱饵的六自由度模型;提出了缆绳与诱饵的耦合条件,使模型更加精确。分别对诱饵释放过程中,以及释放完成后载机机动时系统的动态特性进行了仿真研究,给出并分析了缆绳的形状、张力和诱饵的姿态角等参数的变化规律。结果表明：为避免出现“鱼钩”现象,应尽可能减小释放诱饵的初速度与载机空速的夹角;应按梯形速度释放诱饵,以使缆绳中拉力的最大值较小。释放完成后,应控制载机最大飞行速度,以避免缆绳进入载机的高温尾喷流区;载机作盘旋时,缆绳在载机的圆形轨迹之外,且载机飞行速率一定时,角速度越大,缆绳向外趋势越大,越有利于避开载机的尾喷流区。     

航空拖曳诱饵的释放过程研究

建立了航空拖曳诱饵系统的物理数学模型,并对诱饵释放过程中,系统的动态特性进行了仿真研究。应用集中质量法,将柔性拖曳缆绳离散为一系列由阻尼弹簧连接的节点,建立了缆绳的动态模型;对诱饵进行受力分析,建立了诱饵的六自由度模型;提出了缆绳与诱饵的耦合条件,以使模型更加完整。对诱饵释放过程中系统的动态特性进行了仿真研究,给出并分析了缆绳的形状、张力和诱饵的姿态角等参数的变化规律。结果表明,载机飞行马赫数越大,缆绳下沉量越小,因此,应控制释放过程中载机最大飞行速度,以避免缆绳进入载机的高温尾喷流区。为避免出现"鱼钩"现象,应尽量减小诱饵的释放初速度与载机空速方向的夹角。按梯形速度释放诱饵时,缆绳中拉力的最大值比匀速释放诱饵时要小,且诱饵的俯仰角变化没有匀速释放时剧烈,因此建议以梯形速度释放诱饵。     

基于Kane方程的拖曳式诱饵释放过程动态特性分析

研究了航空拖曳式诱饵释放过程中的动态特性。根据诱饵的运动状态,将释放过程划分为自由状态、放索状态和拖曳状态。利用Kane方程建立了拖曳式诱饵释放的多体系统动力学模型,其中拖索离散为若干段刚性杆,诱饵视为刚体与拖索铰接,其上的作用力包括铰约束力、气动力和重力。针对放索过程中第1个索段质量时变引起的变质量动力学问题,采用Generalized-α算法进行时域求解。在此基础上分析了载机不同飞行高度、飞行速度、拖索释放速度以及拖曳点位置对诱饵释放过程中动态特性的影响。结果表明:在低空高速下释放,诱饵的俯仰角幅值较小,质心相对位置变化较稳定,收敛速度较快,但载机飞行速度过大时,诱饵容易靠近载机尾流区并受其影响;放索速度增大时,诱饵俯仰角幅值增大,质心会出现纵向沉浮运动;拖曳点远离重心时,俯仰角震荡幅值增大,当靠近重心时,收敛性变差,应合理设计并优化拖曳点位置和放索速度。     

非匹配包线下无人机空基回收拖曳系统协调运动规划

针对非匹配包线下固定翼无人机（UAV）拖曳式空基回收过程中的浮标轨迹稳定问题，提出一种盘旋拖曳系统运动规划方法，通过实时协调母机运动和缆绳收放从而实现浮标拖曳轨道精准稳定。首先，构建气流扰动下考虑缆绳弹性和收放特性的母机-缆绳-浮标组合体多体动力学模型。继而，综合考虑拖曳系统动力学约束和母机飞行能力、缆绳收放能力等物理约束，分别建立基于母机运动和基于母机运动-缆绳收放协调的盘旋拖曳系统运动规划最优控制模型。随后，采用hp自适应Radau伪谱法将所建最优控制模型转化为非线性规划问题，并通过SNOPT求解器解算。最终，通过平静大气下母机运动规划、常值风扰下母机运动规划和常值风扰下母机运动-缆绳收放协调运动规划等典型场景下的仿真实验对比分析表明，本方法可实现一定气流扰动和拖曳系统物理约束下浮标拖曳轨道精准稳定。     

系留气球升空动力学仿真

为了研究系留气球升空过程运动状态，建立刚体气球系统六自由度非线性动力学模型以及气球升空缆绳模型，利用Aerostat Simulation仿真软件对不同升空速度和不同风速运动状态进行模拟计算。结果显示，升空过程中，放缆速度增大，则气球俯仰角增大，迎角、缆绳张力减小；风速增大，则俯仰角、迎角、缆绳张力均增大。此研究不仅可为系留气球系统设计提供理论依据，也可以为研究外场放飞决策与放飞数据提供一种分析工具。     

基于拉格朗日方程的航空拖缆建模与仿真

为研究航空拖缆的空间构型和运动规律,采用多刚体法,将拖曳缆绳离散为一系列的刚体微元段,基于拉格朗日方程建立动力学模型;引入缆绳在运动过程中的弹性和阻尼特性因子,使模型更加精确高效。分别在平衡状态和加速机动两种飞行状态下,对系统进行了仿真研究,分析了缆绳的空间构型和动态响应过程。研究结果表明,采用所建模型进行较少的分段数就可以获得较为精确的结果;缆绳的弹性对系统的动态响应起到了明显的阻尼作用,对平衡态则无影响。     

面向跟踪的吸气式高超声速飞行器动力学建模

根据吸气式高超声速目标的动力学特性,对传统动压加速度模型的局限性做了分析。在重力转弯模型框架中,基于超燃冲压发动机的推力产生机理以及高超声速流场的斜激波方程和普朗特梅叶方程,提出了描述目标切向加速度的推广模型和目标法向加速度的斜激波、非解析混合模型。随后,基于高超声速流场工程近似算法对吸气式高超声速目标的模式特征进行分析,并设计了均匀模型集。对攻角、滚转角以及发动机状态发生突变的高超声速机动目标跟踪问题进行了仿真研究。结果表明,新的模型集能够较好地适应目标突然加速和转弯机动,有效跟踪助推跳跃机动的吸气式高超声速目标。     

主动雷达抗拖曳式诱饵干扰的角度提取方法

通过对拖曳式有源雷达诱饵干扰的分析,得到了平衡状态下对导引头测角值进行数据积累且取均值后,导引头将指向大功率辐射源的结论.在诱饵信号从功率上压制载机回波信号的前提下,对导引头处于平衡状态时的测量角公式进行数学推导进而求得小功率辐射源(载机)的角度.结合比例导引规律,通过飞行弹道仿真验证了雷达型空空导弹应用上述方法可获得...     

敏捷转弯伞弹系统动力学建模与分岔特性分析

传统弹箭类飞行器由于机动能力限制,难以实现快速、小半径、大角度的敏捷转弯。通过导弹上加装可控翼伞作为控制面,提出一种翼伞-导弹系统,实现导弹敏捷转弯。首先针对由导弹、翼伞、伞绳、连接点组成的伞弹系统进行动力学建模,给出9自由度伞弹系统动力学模型。通过纵向平面内的弹道仿真,对比分析了在翼伞襟翼偏转角0°、25°和50°情况下伞弹系统的运动情况,结果表明翼伞-导弹系统可以实现敏捷转弯。通过对伞弹系统动力学模型进行分岔分析,研究了不同襟翼偏转角情况下,以翼伞安装角为连续变化参数时系统的分岔曲线,得到导弹实现敏捷转弯的最小转弯半径及最大转弯末速所对应的目标平衡点,分析了目标平衡点附近的吸引域变化情况。弹道仿真结果表明通过合理选取翼伞襟翼偏转角及安装角,可以使质量为73 kg的导弹实现最小转弯半径14.50 m,最小速度损失20.4 m/s。伞弹系统对于提高传统战术导弹的敏捷转弯性能具有重要参考意义。     

Dynamic simulation of aerial towed decoy system based on tension recurrence algorithm

Dynamic model of aerial towed decoy system is established and simulations are performed to research the dynamic characteristics of the system. Firstly, Kinetic equations based on spinor are built, where the cable is discretized into a number of rigid segments while the decoy is modeled as a rigid body hinged on the cable. Then tension recurrence algorithm is developed to improve computational efficiency, which makes it possible to predict the dynamic response of aerial towed decoy system rapidly and accurately. Subsequently, the efficiency and validity of this algorithm are verified by comparison with Kane's function and further validated by wind tunnel tests.Simulation results indicate that the distance between the towing point and the decoy's center of gravity is suggested to be 5%–20% of the length of decoy body to ensure the stability of system.In up-risen maneuver process, the value of angular velocity is recommended to be less than0.10 rad/s to protect the cable from the aircraft exhaust jet. During the turning movement of aircraft, the cable's extent of stretching outwards is proportional to the aircraft's angular velocity.Meanwhile, the decoy, aircraft and missile form a triangle, which promotes the decoy's performance.     

Identification and standardization of maneuvers based upon operational flight data

To find a way of loads analysis from operational flight data for advanced aircraft,maneuver identification and standardization jobs are conducted in this paper. For thousands of sorties from one aircraft, after studying the flight attitude when performing actions, the start and end time of the maneuvers can be determined. According to those time points, various types of maneuvers during the flight are extracted in the form of multi-parameters time histories. By analyzing the numerical range and curve shape of those parameters, a characteristic data library is established to model all types of maneuvers. Based on this library, a computer procedure using pattern-recognition theory is programmed to conduct automatic maneuver identification with high accuracy. In that way, operational loads are classified according to maneuver type. For a group of identified maneuvers of the same type, after the processes of time normalization, trace shifting, as well as averaging and smoothing, the idealization standard time history of each maneuver type is established.Finally, the typical load statuses are determined successfully based on standard maneuvers. The proposed method of maneuver identification and standardization is able to derive operational loads effectively, and might be applied to monitoring loads in Individual Aircraft Tracking Program(IATP).     

Dynamics,stability, and control of a four-cable mount system for wind tunnel test

A four-cable mount system is proposed for full-model wind tunnel flutter tests, which may adjust the pitch and roll attitude of the aircraft scaled model and ensure that the model is not subjected to cable tension. The system provides sufficient support to simulate the free flight of the aircraft by applying appropriate spring stiffness and cable tensions. The proposed four-cable mount system is modeled based on Lagrange mechanics, and its dynamics equations consider aerodynamic effects. The singularity of the system and its bifurcation characteristics under flow conditions are analysed to determine the supercritical bifurcation phenomenon for different tension levels and distances from the front suspension point to the mass centre of the model. The mathematical expressions of the longitudinal flight stability of the cable mount system are derived by linearising the system dynamics equations using small perturbations. The influence of the cable tension, spring stiffness, suspension point position, and other factors on the flight stability of the aircraft are analysed. A feedforward control algorithm is proposed to minimize the total elastic potential energy of the system. The results show that the model is in the level flight state when the elastic potential energy of the four-cable mount system is minimized. A feedback control design method is proposed based on the Lyapunov stability theory to derive the closed-loop stability conditions. The system dynamics model that includes the aircraft rigid body model, flexible cables, pulleys, springs, aerodynamic model, and servo motor control is established using the flexible multibody dynamics method. A multibody dynamics solver and Simulink are used to simulate the attitude adjustment of the model in the wind tunnel and verify the supercritical bifurcation characteristics of the system and the effectiveness of the feedback and feedforward control.     

Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

A Decision?Directed Adaptive Tracker

In the design of a tracking filter for air traffic control (ATC) applications, a maneuvering aircraft can be modelled by a linear system with random noise accelerations. A Kalman filter tracker, designed on the basis of a variance chosen according to the distribution of the potential maneuver accelerations, will maintain track during maneuvers and provide some improvement in position accuracy. However, during those portions of the flight path where the aircraft is not maneuvering, the tracking accuracy will not be as good as if no acceleration noise had been allowed in the tracking filter. In this paper, statistical decision theory is used to derive an optimal test for detecting the aircraft maneuver; a more practical suboptimal test is then deduced from the optimal test. As long as no maneuver is declared, a simpler filter, based on a constant-velocity model, is used to track the aircraft. When a maneuver is detected, the tracker is reinitialized using stored data, up-dated to the present time, and then normal tracking is resumed as new data arrives. In essence, the tracker performs on the basis of a piecewise linear model in which the breakpoints are defined on-line using the maneuver detector. Simulation results show that there is a significant improvement in tracking capability using the decision-directed adaptive tracker.     

飞机推出和跑道掉头滑行行为计算方法

针对飞机推出和跑道掉头两种地面滑行特殊行为的位置和姿态计算问题进行了研究。从机场塔台管制运行模拟仿真的角度出发,提出了非完整运动学约束下飞机推出滑行和跑道掉头运动计算方法。依据飞机推出实际和非完整运动路径跟踪模型,设计出适合仿真推演计算的飞机推出运动求解方法。根据飞机跑道掉头的几何约束和转弯角运动约束,设计出开环控制下完整刻画飞机运动的求解方法。与动力学求解模型相比,该方法具有计算简便,适合于视景仿真驱动的优点,并通过数学仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

一种典型过失速机动的仿真

从飞机的六自由度运动方程出发,结合推力矢量控制系统,进行三种典型过失速机动的数值仿真,主要研究了第一种机动的操纵规律;失速迎角后大迎角不对称气动力和力矩及气动迟 完成过失速机动的影响;推力矢量在实现过失速机动中所起到的作用。此外,对不同初始飞行状态也给予了讨论。仿真结果表明：推力矢量是过失速机动的有效手段;在设计操纵规律时,应予以充分考虑到不对称气动力矩的影响,气动迟滞、进入速度对过失速机动的影响     

基于深度确定性策略梯度算法的战机规避中距空空导弹研究

飞机规避中距空空导弹的逃逸机动策略对于提高战斗机的生存力至关重要。针对深度确定性策略梯度算法训练智能体学习飞机规避导弹的逃逸机动策略进行研究。以飞机导弹相对态势参数等作为智能体的输入状态,飞机控制指令作为智能体的输出动作,导弹飞机追逃模型作为智能体的学习环境,设计由相对态势和飞行参数构成的成型奖励以及由交战结果组成的稀疏奖励,实现从状态参数到控制量端到端的逃逸机动策略。通过与四种基于专家先验知识的典型逃逸机动攻击区仿真验证对比,结果表明：智能体实现的逃逸策略攻击区仅次于置尾下降攻击区,该策略对飞机规避导弹先验知识的依存度最低。