带源项的守恒系统时间分裂算法定常解的收敛性研究

时间分裂算法很难获得带源项的守恒系统的定常解,本文中,考虑使用基本的隐式方法积分线性、二次和三次源项,研究了时间分裂算法不能收敛到数值定常态的原因.采用一个刚性参数的方式预测定常态的误差,刚性参数依赖于特定的源项.当源项是解的线性函数时,不存在定常态误差;当源项是解的非线形函数时,发现定常状态的误差是刚性参数的单调增加函数.定常态误差的分析将推广到标准k-epsilon双方程湍流模型计算的情况.     

超参数自适应的MOEA/D-DE算法在翼型气动隐身优化中的应用

MOEA/D-DE 算法易于实现，被广泛应用于处理多目标优化问题，但其超参数CR 和F 对算法性能影响较大。基于MOEA/D-DE 算法框架、利用Sobol 全局灵敏性分析方法对差分进化算子中的交叉控制参数CR进行改进，使用莱维飞行策略控制比例因子F，使算法中的超参数拥有自适应能力，得到超参数自适应的MOEA/D-DE 算法——MOEA/D-DEAH 算法；对MOEA/D-DEAH 算法、不同超参数设置的MOEA/D-DE算法和NSGAII 算法进行函数测试和翼型气动隐身优化算例对比。结果表明：MOEA/D-DEAH 算法性能良好，具有较强的鲁棒性，气动隐身优化效果也比其他算法更好。     

Search using multiple UAVs with flight time constraints

We consider a large scale system consisting of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) performing a search and surveillance task, based on the uncertainty map of an unknown region. The search algorithm is based on the k-shortest path algorithm that maximizes the effectiveness of the search in term of searching through the maximum uncertainty region, given a constraint on the endurance time of the UAV and on the location of the base station from which the UAVs operate. These constraints set apart this class of problems from the usual search and surveillance problems. We compare the performance of this algorithm with a random search and a greedy strategy search, We also implement the algorithm for the case of multiple UAVs searching an unknown region. The cases of delayed and partial information are also considered. Simulation results that demonstrate the efficacy of the technique are also presented.     

Improved sequential MUSIC

MUSIC (multiple signal classification) is one of the most frequently considered methods for source location using sensor arrays. Among the location methods based on one-dimensional search, MUSIC has excellent performance. In fact, no other one-dimensional method that may outperform MUSIC (in large samples) was known to exist. Our goal here is to introduce such a method, called improved sequential MUSIC (IES-MUSIC), which is shown to be strictly more accurate than MUSIC (in large samples). First, a class of sequential MUSIC estimates is introduced, which depend on a scalar-valued user parameter. MUSIC is shown to be a special case of estimate in that class, corresponding to a value of zero for the user parameter. Next, the optimal user parameter value, which minimizes the asymptotic variance of the estimation errors, is derived. IES-MUSIC is the method based on that optimal choice of the user parameter. Simulation results which lend support to the theoretical findings are included     

New approach for target locations in the presence of wall ambiguities

A technique for target location estimation in through-the-wall radar imaging applications is presented. The algorithm corrects for the shifts in target positions due to ambiguities in the wall thickness and dielectric constant. We consider uniform walls and perform imaging using wideband beamforming, with the antennas placed against the wall. Behind-the-wall images are obtained using different structures of transmit and receive arrays. For each array structure, a trajectory of the shifts in the target locations is generated assuming different wall parameters. The target position is estimated as the intersection of the corresponding trajectories. The paper shows that for unknown wall thickness or dielectric constant, the point of intersection is the true target position. In the case when both parameters are unknown, the estimated target location is in close proximity to the target true position. It is demonstrated that the performance of the proposed technique is rather insensitive to the target location behind the wall and to various array structures.     

反旋桨扇非定常负荷噪声的研究

本文着重研究了反旋桨扇前排转子尾流与后排转子干涉形成的非定常负荷噪声,并与试验结果作了对比。研究结果表明:在转子轴向,声压级完全由非定常负荷噪声决定;而在转子平面内,对声压级的主要贡献是稳定负荷噪声,此时非定常负荷噪声的影响只限于转子通过频率的高次谐波段。     

Biparametric CFAR procedures for lognormal clutter

The authors consider procedures for constant false alarm rate in lognormal clutter, accounting for variations of both the scale and a shape parameter of the clutter. Adaptivity to both parameters is obtained through biparametric estimation based on a sliding window surrounding the radar cell under test. Some procedures exploiting best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) are presented and compared to a previous procedure called Log-t, which uses maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The comparison is carried on for both a homogeneous clutter environment and for instances of inhomogeneous environment (clutter edges and spurious targets). In the latter instances, some advantages of BLUE procedures which stem from the opportunity of censoring are highlighted     

表面热流可辨识性初步分析

表面热流的可辨识性分析可用于飞行器防热层内温度测量精度和测温点位置的确定,在工程上有较强的实用意义。从无量纲分析和仿真辨识出发,根据防热层材料热物性系数、测点位置、表面热流的频域特性等参数对表面热流辨识结果的影响规律,总结出了表面热流辨识问题的相似参数：基于表面热流频率参数的傅立叶数。此后,以这一傅立叶数为判据,针对不同测量误差值的情况初步建立起了表面热流可辨识性的准则和分析方法。     

当前我国工业集中度及其变动趋势研究

通过对现阶段工业集中度的测算发现,我国几乎所有行业均为竞争型行业,各行业的集中率、基尼系数和赫芬达尔指数均远低于发达国家同一时期值,行业内缺乏具有占绝对规模优势的大企业。观察集中度的变动趋势则发现,我国工业集中度不是呈"U"而是呈"M"型变化。我国目前的工业集中度与我国已进入工业化中期阶段不相称,因此,当前产业政策的着力点,应当放在培育和支持大企业发展上,以促进产业进一步集中。     

Shapelets在低剂量CT影像中肺结节检测的应用研究

针对医学影像诊断领域中肺结节检测比较困难的问题,提出了一种新的线性检测肺结节的方法。该方法以Shapelets理论为基础,利用多个二维加权基函数来表示图像中的目标物体。本文通过计算出每个基函数的系数,选取适当的特征尺度参数,使用带权基函数叠加的方法检测出肺结节的准确位置。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速准确的检测出低剂量肺部CT图像中肺结节的具体位置,对医学临床诊断提供了有力的支持。     

桥式试件微动疲劳寿命预测与试验研究

对钛合金桥式试件进行数值分析与微动疲劳试验研究,提出了用MSWT参数预测裂纹萌生位置的方法和基于MSWT参数的微动疲劳寿命预测模型。试验结果与断口分析表明:疲劳裂纹出现在微动试件的接触区边缘,与MSWT参数预测的裂纹萌生位置一致。利用桥式试件的微动疲劳试验数据,获得了寿命预测模型中的相关参数,并采用相关文献中燕尾榫连接结构的试验结果对该预测模型进行了验证。     

Application of neural networks for the design of flight control algorithms. II Adaptive tuning of neural network control law

In this paper, we consider different approaches for the neural network controller tuning in the flight control system. Two of the most common tuning approaches in the adaptive control theory are applied. The first one uses parameter identification technique and consists in solving a real-time regression problem for the control law. The second approach is based on the Lyapunov direct method, which utilizes a tracking error as an absolute measure of tuning performance. The neural network control law are designed for the three-axis flight control problem and tested on the full nonlinear model of a fighter aircraft. Closed loop simulation results are presented and two adaptation algorithms are compared in the case of abrupt change of aircraft dynamics.     

An efficient method of passive emitter location

The problem of locating a stationary emitter from passive bearing and frequency measurements taken by a moving and autonomously operating sensor along its trajectory is considered. The estimation procedure based on bearings only is quite different from that based on frequency measurements. From the Cramer-Rao (CR) analysis of the single-measurement case, the characteristic features of each method become transparent and an intuitive understanding of both methods is provided. One of the major results is that the orientation of the error ellipses of the bearings method (BM) and frequency method (FM) differ significantly. From this a considerable integration gain in accuracy results, when processing the combined set of bearing and frequency measurements. The results of the theoretical CR analysis are verified in a numerical simulation based on the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation. The simulations demonstrate that a combined method is definitely superior to BM and FM with respect to the bias and the size of the error ellipses     

气动阀式两相脉冲爆震发动机研究

开展常温常压进气条件下两相脉冲爆震发动机的研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。详细描述了气动阀式两相爆震发动机的主要组成部分的结构和性能要求以及主要的影响因素,并通过各参数不同组合下大量的试验研究,成功实现了常温常压进气条件下,以汽油为燃料的气动阀式脉冲爆震发动机的稳定爆震,同时获得了爆震管内燃烧波与气动阀参数、点火参数、扰流器参数、油雾参数和进口参数间的初步关系。研究成果为液态燃料爆震燃烧机理的发展,为实现两相爆震发动机的工程应用奠定了基础。     

Heteroscedastic regression analysis method for mixed data

The heteroscedastic regression model was established and the heteroscedastic regression analysis method was presented for mixed data composed of complete data,type-Ⅰ censored data and type-Ⅱ censored data from the location-scale distribution.The best unbiased estimations of regression coefficients,as well as the confidence limits of the location parameter and scale parameter were given.Furthermore,the point estimations and confidence limits of percentiles were obtained.Thus,the traditional multiple regression analysis method which is only suitable to the complete data from normal distribution can be extended to the cases of heteroscedastic mixed data and the location-scale distribution.So the presented method has a broad range of promising applications.     

强化层亚结构对TA2疲劳强度的影响

研究了滚压强化多晶纯钛在疲劳前后的显微组织特征和残余应力的变化。结果发现：疲劳强度的提高主要归于形变组织，同时表面粗糙度的降低也起了良好的作用。滚压试样表层TEM组织中形成高密度位错和单个、分散的变形孪晶，历经10^6以上循环周次后，孪晶－晶界的交互作用是其主要特征。滚压引入的残余压应力和层深均较小，有益贡献也相应降低。     

表面机械强化工业纯钛疲劳性能的研究

利用透射显微技术和 X射线衍射分析技术 ,对工业纯钛在喷丸、滚压两种强化方式下的组织和残余应力进行了对比研究。结果表明 :1 ) TEM组织中均可观察到位错和变形孪晶。滚压形成了单个分散的孪晶 ,喷丸表层中形成大量相互交叠的孪晶和变形带 ;疲劳后 ,喷丸组织中产生孪晶 -孪晶的交互作用 ,而滚压组织中是孪晶 -晶界的交互作用。2 )喷丸较滚压强化表层残余应力松弛显著 ,疲劳后两者的表层残余应力相当 ;3)喷丸较滚压粗糙度高一个数量级。并依上述分析对表面机械强化机理进行了解释。     

惯性粒子分离器清除流道PIV测量与分析

采用粒子成像测速技术（PIV）对惯性粒子分离器弯曲通道模型进行内部流动测试,分析其清除流道流场的结构特点。试验发现,在清除流道进口的不同高度截面上均有回流涡的存在,在不同清除流比（SCR,14%~20%）、不同流量下回流涡结构不同。回流涡的存在是导致小粒径颗粒分离效率低的原因之一。试验结果表明：固体壁面对该回流涡存在很大影响,即越靠近壁面回流涡尺度越大;当SCR值越大时,回流涡占清除流道面积越小;而当进口流量增大时,回流涡尺度变化很小。内部流场以及回流涡尺度的主要影响因素为SCR。本文结果可以为数值模拟以及分离器结构改进提供依据。     

The Wavelet Analysis of the Solar and Cosmic-Ray Data

Results of the wavelet power spectrum (WPS) analysis(which covers the 1969–1998 years) obtained using the daily data of the following parameters: (i) the Mt. Wilson Magnetic Plage Strength index (MPSI), (ii) the solar LDE-type flare index (LDE-FI) and (iii) the Calgary cosmic-ray (CR) intensity, are reported for periods ranging between 64 and 1024 days. The temporal distribution of the WPS during the last three solar activity cycles is extremely discontinuous. A clear resemblance between the CR and LDE-FI WPS is obtained only for the 22nd solar activity cycle. Nevertheless, the CR multiperiod peak, observed in 1982, can well be identified with the WPS peaks obtained in both solar parameters under consideration. In the 21st cycle, we found significant the MPSI periods around 850–880 days (2.3–2.4 yr), while such periods are present in the LDE-FI data of the 22nd cycle. In the CR data we discerned a net periodicity around 650 days (1.7 yr). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Microphysics of Cosmic Ray Driven Plasma Instabilities

Energetic nonthermal particles (cosmic rays, CRs) are accelerated in supernova remnants, relativistic jets and other astrophysical objects. The CR energy density is typically comparable with that of the thermal components and magnetic fields. In this review we discuss mechanisms of magnetic field amplification due to instabilities induced by CRs. We derive CR kinetic and magnetohydrodynamic equations that govern cosmic plasma systems comprising the thermal background plasma, comic rays and fluctuating magnetic fields to study CR-driven instabilities. Both resonant and non-resonant instabilities are reviewed, including the Bell short-wavelength instability, and the firehose instability. Special attention is paid to the longwavelength instabilities driven by the CR current and pressure gradient. The helicity production by the CR current-driven instabilities is discussed in connection with the dynamo mechanisms of cosmic magnetic field amplification.