半球谐振陀螺振子耦合振动的近似解析分析

半球壳是新型半球谐振陀螺的敏感部件。有效地隔离谐振子有害的耦合振动对于保证陀螺性能的可靠、稳定具有十分重要的工程价值。本文在研究半球壳谐振子支承杆结构振动的基础上，采用瑞利－里兹法，对结构特性最佳的Ψ型谐振子最低阶耦合振动进行了分析，给出了谐振子有关参数设计的近似解析工程用方程，对于研制半球谐振陀螺有实际应用价值。     

复合材料方形膜的压力频率特性

基于一种典型的微结构硅谐振压力传感器由多层不同材料构成的谐振子的实际结构特点，建立了被测压力与谐振子静挠度，谐振子固有频率的数学模型，计算和分析了谐振子的振动特性，给出了各复合材料层的几何参数、物理参数对其振动特性的影响规律，揭示了复合材料方形膜的压力频率特性，为设计该类谐振子提供了理论依据。     

方形膜片压力敏感元件的频率特性

方形膜片是一种先进的敏感压力的谐振子。其于板的大找度变形理论，建立了被测压力与谐振子固有频率的数学模型，计算机、分析了谐振子的几何参数对振动特性的影响规律，得到了在给定压力得程内，对确定材料的膜片其固有频率相对零压力频率的变化率只与其边长、膜片厚的比值有关的重要结论，为设计该类谐振子提供了理论依据。     

高精度石英半球裸振子微应力制造

半球谐振子是半球谐振陀螺的核心元件,其质量直接决定了陀螺的性能精度,以高纯石英材料制成的半球谐振子已得到业界的广泛认可,但加工难度较高。半球裸振子是半球谐振子的未完全加工态,其加工表面残余应力的大小决定了谐振Q值、频差Δf等参数,进而影响谐振性能。文章就石英半球裸振子的微应力制造技术方法和技术特点进行了分析和讨论,以及采用飞秒激光加工设备实现石英半球裸振子微应力制造,飞秒激光加工具有速度快、热变形小、非接触、微应力等优势,用于半球谐振子加工能够明显改善加工效率、成本和表面应力状态,采用飞秒激光加工为高精度石英半球裸振子的加工提供新实现途径。     

共用支承-转子结构系统振动耦合特性分析

针对带有涡轮级间共用承力框架的转子系统,为准确描述转子-共用支承-转子（简称共用支承-转子结构系统）之间的振动特性,采用转子截面横向和角向振动特性耦合动力学模型,振动耦合产生机理及影响规律进行研究。理论分析结果表明:转子支点的动态响应对其他转子的支点动刚度特性及转子振动响应特性具有一定影响,共用支承结构振动响应对转子系统振动特性的计算误差超过10%,因此,在共用支承-转子结构系统的临界转速和振动响应计算分析中,需要考虑2个转子与共用支承结构的振动耦合影响。对于涡轴发动机共用支承-转子结构系统的有限元仿真计算结果表明:由于存在共用承力框架,2个转子之间将发生振动耦合,系统产生耦合振型,某一转子转速将会影响另一转子所激起的系统共振临界转速;并对共用承力框架结构的隔振特性也有影响,2个转子共同激励下振动响应与转子单独激励相比,在承力框架安装边上的动载荷以及载荷传递系数均大幅度提高。      

半球谐振子薄壁厚度不均匀性对陀螺精度的影响

针对半球谐振陀螺仪的工艺制造偏差,研究半球谐振子薄壁厚度不均匀对陀螺精度的影响,建立误差模型,分析误差机理．首先对谐振子进行应变分析,然后分析薄壳微元的受力情况,根据力和力矩平衡方程建立半球谐振子动力学方程,得出由于厚度不均匀造成的半球谐振陀螺仪角速率误差．研究结果表明其傅立叶展开式的1～3次谐波项对角速率误差无影响,而4次谐波有影响．为提高陀螺精度,对陀螺厚度不均匀加以平衡．     

高速柔性转子系统非线性振动响应特征分析

针对高速柔性转子多支点支承的结构特点及转子动力特性设计的需要,分析松动支承对转子动力特性的影响,仿真研究得到多支点支承高速柔性转子系统的非线性振动响应特征。研究结果表明:工作在多阶临界转速以上的转子系统,存在松动支承时,工作中的柔性转子可能存在周期、拟周期、混沌运动。进而研究了松动支承位置、不平衡量、松动间隙等参数对多支点支承柔性转子振动响应的影响,分析结果为多支点支承高速柔性转子系统的动力学设计提供了理论方法。      

基于单目偏折术的半球谐振子面域振型测量

针对半球谐振子振型的高精度面域测量难题,提出一种基于单目偏折测量术的测量方法。将半球谐振子振型测量转换为法向摆动角度测量,并基于逆向光线追迹对振型测量系统进行设计。在图像中提取振动拉长模糊斑的基础上,基于图像解卷积计算斑点摆动轨迹,将其转换为法向分别在经纬方向上的摆动角度,进而拟合得到半球谐振子振型的相关参数。实验结果表明,该方法可实现半球谐振子振型的高精度拟合,对振幅和法向摆角的测量分辨率分别可达10 nm与10μrad。与传统振动测量方法相比,其结构简单灵活、抗干扰能力强,有广阔的应用前景。     

挠性支承对飞轮隔振系统性能的影响分析

飞轮的高速转子在运转过程中会激发微幅多频振动,对航天器的高精度姿态稳定控制产生不利影响.本文基于飞轮隔振系统结构,建立其动力学模型,并通过实验验证该被动隔振装置的固有模态.对增加挠性支承的飞轮隔振系统的数学模型,通过仿真分析隔振装置在挠性支承条件下对飞轮扰动的抑制效果,实验测试了不同挠性支承条件对飞轮隔振系统微振动特性的影响.结果表明,隔振装置在悬臂挠性支承条件下依然具有优异的隔振性能,挠性支承刚度的适当减弱有利于飞轮隔振系统抑制扰动;挠性支承刚度会降低飞轮隔振系统的二阶结构固有振动频率,但基本不影响其涡动特性.     

航空发动机整机有限元模型转子动力学分析

现代航空发动机在工作中不断变化的机械激振,气动激振频率越来越复杂,这使得对航空发动机振动分析必须考虑各结构间的动力影响.因此,利用能够考虑陀螺力矩影响,基于NASTRAN中实体单元编制的转子动力特性计算程序,对发动机整机进行了动力特性计算.首先对转子支承结构传递函数(动刚度)进行计算,并进一步研究其对转子动力特性的影响;分析比较基于不同单元模型计算时,盘轴耦合振动及盘轴连接处的角刚度对转子动力特性的影响,证明了基于实体单元的整机模型能够准确考虑各种振动模态.最后,在分析中发现了高阶转子弯曲振动模态与机匣振动耦合现象及其变化规律,在计算分析的基础上研究了在考虑机匣振动耦合时转子系统临界转速的确定方法.      

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.